International recognition of Kosovo: Difference between revisions
Avala was right to put Ukrain on this list, this was an official statement from the Ukrainian Foreign Affairs Ministry, like it or not this is the position they have taken, so don't remove it again |
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|{{SRI}}<ref name="sri lanka">{{cite news|title=Sri Lanka says Kosovo independence a threat to world peace|publisher=AFP|url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5iaAZ8d1WP1xGbscKahijLdiDokqA|date=[[2008-02-17]]|accessdate=2008-02-17}}</ref> |
|{{SRI}}<ref name="sri lanka">{{cite news|title=Sri Lanka says Kosovo independence a threat to world peace|publisher=AFP|url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5iaAZ8d1WP1xGbscKahijLdiDokqA|date=[[2008-02-17]]|accessdate=2008-02-17}}</ref> |
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|{{UKR}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nrcu.gov.ua/index.php?id=148&listid=60919 |title=Ukraine to back Serbia's position on Kosovo|accessdate=2008-02-22|publisher=NRSCU|date=2008-02-20}}</ref> |
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||{{flagicon|CIS}} CIS member state |
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|{{VEN}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Venezuela se opone a independencia de Kosovo|publisher=[[Globovisión]]|url=http://www.globovision.com/news.php?nid=79514|date=[[2008-02-21]]|accessdate=2008-02-21}}</ref> || |
|{{VEN}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Venezuela se opone a independencia de Kosovo|publisher=[[Globovisión]]|url=http://www.globovision.com/news.php?nid=79514|date=[[2008-02-21]]|accessdate=2008-02-21}}</ref> || |
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| {{RSA}} || '''Supports further negotiations.''' South Africa has called for further negotiation between Serbia and Kosovo, in its capacity as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.<ref name="RSA">{{cite news|title=South Africa: Govt Calls for Continued Kosovo Negotiations|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200802191373.html}}</ref> <br />{{flagicon|UN}} non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council at the time of the declaration of independence |
| {{RSA}} || '''Supports further negotiations.''' South Africa has called for further negotiation between Serbia and Kosovo, in its capacity as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.<ref name="RSA">{{cite news|title=South Africa: Govt Calls for Continued Kosovo Negotiations|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200802191373.html}}</ref> <br />{{flagicon|UN}} non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council at the time of the declaration of independence |
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|{{UKR}}|| '''Supports further negotiations.''' The future of Kosovo and the whole region lies within a European perspective," ... "(Ukraine) hopes that a constructive dialogue among all those involved will be resumed. The multilateral mechanisms, such as EU, OSCE, UN, should play an important role to this end." ... "Ukraine is among a majority of the countries which state that the situation around Kosovo cannot be a precedent."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.ua/mfa/en/publication/content/16732.htm |title=Statement on Kosovo by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|accessdate=2008-02-21|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|date=2008-02-17}}</ref><br>{{flagicon|CIS}} CIS member state |
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Revision as of 02:44, 22 February 2008
This article may be affected by the following current event: 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence. Information in this article may change rapidly as the event progresses. Initial news reports may be unreliable. The last updates to this article may not reflect the most current information. (February 2008) |
Constitution and law |
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The following is a list of countries that have taken a position on the recognition of the Republic of Kosovo after it declared its independence on 17 February 2008.
The European Union (EU) on 18 February officially stated that it would 'take note' of Kosovo's move, but leaves the question of recognition to its member states.[1] Most of them have declared they will, but some countries (Spain, Cyprus, Romania and Slovakia) have chosen not to recognise Kosovo, at least in the short term, due to fears of other separatist movements using Kosovo as a precedent for their claims.[2]
Serbia[3] and Russia have opposed Kosovo's independence, claiming it is illegal.[4] The United States, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Turkey, Italy and Australia are some of the major countries that have recognised the Republic.[5]
Recognition from states
States that formally recognise the independent Republic of Kosovo
Country | Date of recognition | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 18 February 2008 | First state to recognise based on Universal Time | |
2 | 18 February 2008 | Earliest state to recognise based on local time (UTC-6) on 17 February 2008. | |
3 | 18 February 2008 | ||
4 | 18 February 2008 | ||
5 | 18 February 2008 | ||
6 | 18 February 2008 | European Union candidate country | |
7 | 18 February 2008 | ||
8 | 19 February 2008 | ||
9 | 19 February 2008 | ||
10 | 20 February 2008 | ||
11 | 20 February 2008 | ||
12 | 20 February 2008 | ||
13 | 21 February 2008 | ||
14 | 21 February 2008 | ||
15 | 21 February 2008 | ||
16 | 21 February 2008 |
Partially recognised states that recognise the independent Republic of Kosovo
Country | Date of recognition | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 18 February 2008 | Recognised by 23 countries. PRC says that Taiwan has no right to give recognition to the Republic of Kosovo;[2] Taiwan insists it does.[28][29] |
Vlora Çitaku, spokeswoman for the Democratic Party of Kosovo, did not give a straight response to Taiwan's recognition, but she said that the PRC is a very important country, and Kosovo would like to establish a relationship with the PRC. She said that the Kosovo government understands that Beijing have territorial disputes with Taiwan and other areas and would like to emphasize Kosovo is a unique situation. She denies Kosovo is being pressured by Beijing not to recognise the ROC.[30]
States that have initiated proceedings to recognise the independent Republic of Kosovo
Country | Expected date of recognition | Notes |
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Cabinet decision: 21 February 2008 Royal assent: To be decided |
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Cabinet decision: February 18 2008 Presidential decree: 25 February or 29 February 2008 |
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Cabinet decision: February 20 2008 Presidential approval: ~25 February 2008 |
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Cabinet decision: 20 February 2008 Royal assent: ~28 February 2008 | ||
Cabinet recommendation: February 18 2008 Foreign relations committee: 4 March 2008[37] Cabinet decision to set up a diplomatic mission: March 6 2008 |
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On February 18 the President initiated Parliamentary proceedings. Parliament: To be decided. |
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Cabinet decision: February 21 2008 Parliament approval: February 25 2008 |
President country of Council of the European Union at the time of declaration | |
States that have declared that they will not recognise Kosovo as independent
Country | Notes | |
---|---|---|
Claims Kosovo as part of its sovereign territory | ||
States which have expressed concern over unilateral moves or expressed wish for further negotiations
Country | Notes |
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Not in the near future. Bosnia-Herzegovina would not be among the countries to recognise an independent Kosovo in the near future, said the Chairman of Bosnia-Herzegovina's tripartite state presidency Željko Komšić.[69] | |
Is waiting for the UN decision, supports further negotiations. External Relations Ministry issued a statement on February 18, 2008, declaring that Brazil is "monitoring closely the situation [that has] arisen from Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence", recalling that "the matter is before the UN Security Council, including in light of the legal framework of Resolution 1244 (1999)", that "Brazil hopes for the prevalence of a constructive orientation and of a political will that allows for the reaching of a satisfactory situation, calls upon the parties involved to display maximum restraint so as not to endanger the peace and security of the region and to secure the rights of minorities" stressing that it favours "the continuity of negotiations under the auspices of the UN", and that it considers that "a solution must be found at the multi-lateral level".[70][71] | |
Expressed "grave concern", supports further negotiations. The Chinese Foreign Minister has made the a statement stressing that the PRC "expresses grave concern" over Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence. The Minister's remarks go on to add that "The resolution of the Kosovo issue bears on peace and stability of the Balkan region, the fundamental norms governing international relations as well as the authority and role of the UN Security Council. China always believes that a plan acceptable to both Serbia and Kosovo through negotiations is the best way to resolve this issue", that "the unilateral move taken by Kosovo will lead to a series of consequences. China is deeply worried about its severe and negative impact on peace and stability of the Balkan region and the goal of establishing a multi-ethnic society in Kosovo", stressing that "China calls upon Serbia and Kosovo to continue negotiations for a proper resolution within the framework of the international law and work together to safeguard peace and stability of the Balkan region", and adding that "the international community should create favorable conditions for that".[72][73] | |
Supports further negotiations. Mexico is closely monitoring the situation and asks that all parties agree peacefully, through dialogue, on the final status of Kosovo and to reach an agreement on the rights of minorities and maintaining peace and security in the Balkans.[74] | |
Does not recognise unilateral moves. "It's never been the New Zealand Government's position to recognise in such circumstances. We will neither recognise nor not recognise". according to PM Helen Clark.[75] | |
Supports further negotiations. Foreign Secretary Alberto Romulo said in a statement "Considering the existing sensibilities in the region, continued dialogue should be encouraged among all the parties concerned to ensure regional stability",[76] | |
Supports further negotiations. South Africa has called for further negotiation between Serbia and Kosovo, in its capacity as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.[77] |
Other states, including undecided or ambiguous positions
Country | Notes |
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Not right away, but prime minister appears to be pro-independence. Prime Minister said in an interview given to Reuters that Armenia will not immediately recognise Nagorno-Karabagh, referring to Armenia's position that it will not immediately recognise Kosovo as well. However he said that "Recognition of Kosovo's independence can be welcomed by us".[78] | |
Monitoring the situation in Kosovo, waiting to see what happens next. A Government spokesman said "The interests of the people of Kosovo have always been close to Bangladeshi hearts, and we are proud to have contributed to the stability of that region through our peace-keepers".[79] | |
Wary and cautious. Burkina Faso said it would take note of the new situation and stated that it hopes that violence would not erupt.[80] | |
Not in a rush to pick sides. Canada has not yet taken a position on Kosovo's independence, and is not expected to move rapidly on the issue.[81] Some analysts consider Canada to be awaiting United Nations approval, given that Kosovo's actions could lend legitimacy to other sub-national regions, such as Quebec, unilaterally declaring independence.[82] | |
Doing a "careful" analysis.[83] | |
No hurry to adopt an official position.[84]. Chile's acting Minister of Foreign Relations, Alberto van Klaveren, stated that there was "no hurry to state an opinion" on the Kosovo issue. He indicated an official Chilean position on Kosovo would likely come after President Michelle Bachelet and Foreign Relation Minister Alejandro Foxley return from their summer recess. | |
After the majority of the EU countries do so. The foreign minister has explained that Croatia would wait.[85] European Union candidate country | |
Conditionally pro-independence, but does not want to be first to recognise Kosovo. Foreign Minister stated that the Czech Republic will recognise Kosovo's independence after it is recognised by most European states, depending on the behaviour of Kosovar authorities.[86][87] | |
Ambiguous position. Foreign Ministry spokesman urged the parties to abide by international law and support regional stability, but did not say whether Egypt recognises Kosovo.[2] | |
Will watch and see what happens first. Greece has stated it will take all developments into consideration and decide at a later time.[88] | |
Does not want to be among first to recognise Kosovo, but will not act against the will of the international community or Europe Foreign Minister, Ingibjörg Sólrún Gísladóttir has said that it would not be wise for Iceland to be among the first nations to recognise the independence of Kosovo.[89] She has also stated that her actions would not be different from those of the international community and from those of Europe[89]. | |
Has not decided yet. India has not yet announced a formal position and is weighing its options carefully.[90] | |
Wait and see; Parliament will talk about it. Foreign Ministry spokesman Kristiarto Soeryo Legowo said on Sunday night that The Indonesian government will observe closely developments in Kosovo and is not yet in a position to give its recognition to the unilaterally declared independence. The issue will be debated in parliament among the Indonesian parties.[91] | |
Ambiguous position, may be against recognition. During a visit with the Serbian Ambassador, Iraqi Foreign Ministry Undersecretary Labeed Abbawi stated Iraq's support for UN principles regarding non-interference in internal affairs and the rights of minorities.[92] | |
Not right away. Israel will not recognise Kosovo immediately.[93] | |
Wants the Balkans to stay peaceful. Libya stated at the UNSC session that it hoped that violence would not return to the Balkans and that Kosovo must remain an exceptional case in an exceptional situation.[80] | |
Will wait for a few weeks. The Republic of Macedonia will likely recognise Kosovo, but not right away.[94] European Union candidate country | |
Awaiting the United Nations Security Council's decision.[2] | |
Awaiting the European Union's decision.[95] | |
Not in a hurry to recognise independence. The minister of Foreign Affairs Maxime Verhagen said in response to Kosovo's declaration of independence that, although we face a "new reality", the Netherlands government will not hurry recognition.[96] | |
No policy one way or the other. Panama regrets that Serbia and Kosovo could not come up with a negotiated solution and has no current policy on whether to recognise or not recognise Kosovo's independence.[97] | |
President and government disagree. The Polish president has prevented the government from starting negotiations to recognize Kosovo.[98][99] | |
Thinking about it. Singapore is still studying Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence from Serbia. A spokesman of the Foreign Ministry dubbed the declaration of independence as a "controversial move that has many complex ramifications around the world".[100] | |
Leaning in favour of recognition, but a change in administration may affect that stance. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade released a statement that it "hopes for peace and stability in the region ... [is] looking into this issue while comprehensively considering the current situation there...". Given the wide degree of support for independence from key Korean allies, for instance, the United States, Germany and France, it is likely that the Korean government will recognise the republic and establish diplomatic relations. However, with a change in administration in Korea, strong bilateral ties with Belgrade and the influence of Russia and China, important regional partners, it is equally likely that recognition will be delayed or simply remain tacit in deference to the delicate political situation.[101][102] | |
Awaiting the decision of the United Nations Security Council.[103] | |
Thinking about it. The Ugandan government is carefully studying Kosovo's declaration of independence before it makes a decision to recognise it as a state or not.[104] | |
No position yet. The Uzbek government believes that questions of indepedence should be decided in the UN assembly. As for Kosovo, Uzbekistan has yet to come up with a final position.[105] | |
Hopes the conflicting parties are being careful. The Vatican urged Serbia and Kosovo to approach the situation with "prudence and moderation" and that Pope Benedict XVI would be praying for them at "this crucial moment in their history".[106] The Vatican has recently reaffirmed that, in the event of an independence declaration, it would follow developments "with particular attention" and take into account the position of the international community.[107] |
International organisations
International organization | Notes |
---|---|
No consensus in the Security Council. Russia called an emergency session of the United Nations Security Council on 17 February, but the council members, given differences in stated position between permanent members, failed to reach a consensus. Russia requested another meeting on 18 February.[108] | |
The member states make their own decisions on whether to recognise Kosovo. The European Union (EU) on 18 February officially stated that it would 'take note' of Kosovo's move, but leaves the question of recognition to its member states.[109] The Union is sending the EULEX mission to Kosovo, which includes a special representative and 2000 police and judicial personnel.[110][111]
Member states (27) Austria · Belgium · Bulgaria · Cyprus** · Czech Republic · Denmark* · Estonia* · Finland · France* · Germany* · Greece · Hungary · Ireland · Italy* · Latvia* · Lithuania · Malta · Netherlands · Poland · Portugal · Romania** · Slovakia** · Slovenia · Spain** · Sweden · United Kingdom*
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NATO | Business as usual. NATO maintains that its ongoing Kosovo Force mission and mandate remain unchanged and continues to operate under the agreement "between KFOR and the Republic of Serbia from June 1999".[112] |
Pro-independence. Secretary General of the Organization of the Islamic Conference Prof. Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu said "Kosovo has finally declared its independence after a long and determined struggle by its people. As we rejoice this happy result, we declare our solidarity with and support to our brothers and sisters there. The Islamic Umma wishes them success in their new battle awaiting them which is the building of a strong and prosperous a state capable of satisfying of its people".[113] All member states have endorsed the declaration, but the OIC is leaving official recognition to the individual states.[114]
Member states (57) Afghanistan* · Albania* · Algeria · Azerbaijan** · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Benin · Burkina Faso · Brunei · Cameroon · Chad · Comoros · Côte d'Ivoire · Djibouti · Egypt · Gabon · Gambia · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Guyana · Indonesia · Iran · Iraq · Jordan · Kuwait · Kazakhstan** · Kyrgyzstan · Lebanon · Libya · Maldives · Malaysia* · Mali · Mauritania · Morocco · Mozambique · Niger · Nigeria · Oman · Pakistan · Palestine · Qatar · Saudi Arabia · Senegal* · Sierra Leone · Somalia · Sudan · Suriname · Syria · Tajikistan · Turkey* · Tunisia · Togo · Turkmenistan · Uganda · Uzbekistan · United Arab Emirates · Yemen
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OSCE | Members to make their own decisions, supports multiethnic Kosovo. On Feb. 18, 2008, Chairman Ilkka Kanerva stated that each of the 56 members of the OSCE will decide themselves whether or not to recognize Kosovo[115]. The next day, Kanerva and OSCE Minorities Commissioner Knutt Vollebaek called for Kosovo's government to vigorously implement agreed-upon frameworks regarding minorities.[116] Serbia has vowed to oppose OSCE membership for Kosovo and is calling for the organization to condemn the declaration of independence.[115] |
Member states to make their own decisions.[103] |
Other entities
Entity | Notes |
---|---|
Conditionally pro-independence, waiting for UN membership. On 17 February 2008, the president of the IOC's commission of international relations announced that IOC is set to recognise Kosovo.[117] A day later, IOC spokeswoman precised the requirements which Kosovo needs to meet before being recognised by the IOC, most notably it has to be recognised by the United Nations as independent first (a condition not imposed on some Olympic participants such as Taiwan, Palestine and Puerto Rico).[118] | |
File:SPC-zastava.jpg Serbian Orthodox Church | Anti-independence. In a statement to Glas Javnosti, a Serbian journal, the Bishop Artemije of Ras and Prizren Eparchy (the diocese which covers Kosovo) said: "Kosovo was and will always be Serbian", adding that independence declaration will be "a temporary state of occupation", and that "Serbia must buy arms from Russia and other countries, and ask Russia to send volunteers and build a military presence in Serbia".[119][120] Acting Head of the Church Metropolitan of Montenegro and the Littoral Amfilohije Radović has subsequently urgently criticized Kosovo's declaration of independence, followed by Patriarch Paul. |
The former governing party of Québec sent congratulations to the people of Kosovo, echoing its stance in favour of national sovereignty for Québec.[121] | |
Pro-independence. The government spokeswoman Miren Azkarate referred to the Kosovo's secession process as a pacifistic and democratic example of how a problem of national identity can be solved. She has also criticised Spain's refusal to recognise Kosovo. Iñigo Urkullu, the president of the Basque Nationalist Party, also asked the government of Spain to recognise Kosovo as a nation. He asked also for an equal treatment of minorities in the constitution of the newly-formed state.[122][123] | |
Pro-independence. The vice president of Catalan government Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira sent congratulations to the prime minister of Kosovo because his country has achieved the independence and the freedom from parliamentary way.[124] | |
Pro-independence. Usman Ferzauli, the Foreign Minister of the separatist group, said that Chechen rebels "welcome the declaration of state independence by Kosovo and do not question the right of the people of Kosovo to distance themselves from the state that terrorized it".[125] |
Diplomatic reaction of Serbia
The Government of Serbia will recall Serbian ambassadors from states recognizing Kosovo, as it already has in the case of the United States,[126] Australia,[127] France and Turkey[128] for consultations, as part of the overall diplomatic answer to the recognition of Kosovo.
References
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He [Serbian Prime Minister Vojislav Kostunica] added Kosovo's independence declaration was "unilateral, illegal and immoral, carried out under the protection of the brutal force of the United States and NATO".
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Serbia's police have filed criminal charges against Kosovo Albanian leaders for... "[committing] a serious criminal act against the constitutional order and security of Serbia"
- ^ a b "U.S. Recognises Kosovo as Independent State". U.S. Department of State. 2008-02-18. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
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(help) - ^ "Statement of H.E. Mr. Ali Babacan, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey, Regarding the Recognition of Kosovo by Turkey". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey. 2008-02-18. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
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(help) - ^ "Britain, France recognise Kosovo". Associated Press. 2008-02-18. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
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(help) - ^ "Japan Likely To Recognise Kosovo Independence: Government". nasdaq. 2008-02-17. Retrieved 2008-02-17.
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President Valdas Adamkus welcomed Kosovo's declaration of independence and stated: I have therefore asked Lithuania's Foreign Minister Petras Vaitiekūnas to request the Seimas in the immediate future to start the procedure of Kosovo's recognition. Most of EU member states also intend to take this path
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(help) - ^ "Islamic Countries Will Be First to Recognise Independent Kosovo". Julia Gorin. 2008-02-17. Retrieved 2008-02-17.
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(help) - ^ "Azerbaijan says not recognizing Kosovo independence". Reuters. 2008-02-18. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
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(help) - ^ "Statement by the Foreign Ministry of the Republic of Belarus relating to the unilateral proclamation of independence by the Kosovo temporary authorities of self-government". The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus. 2008-02-18. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
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(help) - ^ "President Basescu says Romania not to recognize Kosovo independence". HotNews.ro. 2008-02-19. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
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(help) - ^ "Romania will not recognize Kosovo independence". Reuters. 2008-02-19. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
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(help) - ^ "Parlamentul român nu recunoaşte independenţa Kosovo". realitatea.net. 2008-02-18. Retrieved 2008-02-21.
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(help) - ^ "Sri Lanka says Kosovo independence a threat to world peace". AFP. 2008-02-17. Retrieved 2008-02-17.
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(help) - ^ "Ukraine to back Serbia's position on Kosovo". NRSCU. 2008-02-20. Retrieved 2008-02-22.
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(help) - ^ "Vietnam says against unilateral Kosovo independence". Reuters. 2008-02-18. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
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(help) - ^ "Bosnia puts recognition of Kosovo". Trend News. 2008-02-17. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
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(help) - ^ "Brazil announces it will not immediately recognise Kosovo's independence". O Estado de São Paulo. 2008-02-17. Retrieved 2008-02-17.
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(help) - ^ "South Africa: Govt Calls for Continued Kosovo Negotiations".
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(help) - ^ "Poland set to recognise Kosovo". EUbusiness. 2008-02-18. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
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(help) - ^ "S. Korea Remains Calm over Kosovo's Independence".
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and|date=
(help) - ^ "Vatican calls for moderation in Kosovo, Serbia". Reuters. 2008-02-17. Retrieved 2008-02-17.
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