Ishme-Dagan I: Difference between revisions

Ishme-Dagan I
Ishme-Dagan I
Išši’ak Aššur
Reign	c. 1775–1765 BC
Predecessor	Shamshi-Adad I
Successor	Mut-Ashkur
Akkadian	Išme-Dagān I
Father	Shamshi-Adad I

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Ishme-Dagan I (Akkadian: Išme-Dagān) was a monarch of Ekallatum and Assur during the Old Assyrian period. The much later Assyrian King List (AKL) credits Ishme-Dagan I with a reign of forty years; however, it is now known from a limmu-list of eponyms unearthed at Kanesh in 2003 that his reign in Assur lasted eleven years. According to the AKL, Ishme-Dagan I was the son and successor of Shamshi-Adad I. Also according to the AKL, Ishme-Dagan I was succeeded by his son Mut-Ashkur.

Biography[edit]

Family[edit]

A map of the Ancient Near East showing the geopolitical situation around the Assur (light brown) near contemporary great powers such as: Eshnunna (light blue), Yamhad (dark blue), Qatna (dark brown), the First Dynasty of Babylon (yellow), and the Third Mariote Kingdom (shortly before the conquest of the long-abandoned town of Shubat-Enlil c. 1808 BCE by the Amorite conqueror Shamshi-Adad I.)

Ishme-Dagan I's father, Shamshi-Adad I, was an Amorite king, originally of Terqa (in Syria), who seized control of Assyria around 1808 BCE.^[1]

Shamshi-Adad I ruled from Shubat-Enlil. Shamshi-Adad I placed his oldest son (Ishme-Dagan I) on the throne of Ekallatum. Shamshi-Adad I placed his youngest son (Yasmah-Adad) on the throne of Mari. Ishme-Dagan I ruled the south-eastern region in Upper Mesopotamia. Ishme-Dagan I's realm of influence included the city-state of Assur.

Correspondence[edit]

A number of letters relating the familial relationships between Shamshi-Adad I and his two sons have been excavated, and these letters provide a glimpse into the tensions of this family of rulers. Ishme-Dagan I is called, “A forceful soldier not afraid to risk his own skin.” This was a quality which allowed Shamshi-Adad I to rely on him unhesitatingly.^[2] Shamshi-Adad I's correspondence with his younger son is not as generous, and Ishme-Dagan I appears to have picked up his father's censure of his younger brother and contributed to it. In one letter, Ishme-Dagan I asks his brother, “Why are you setting up a wail about this thing? That is not great conduct.”^[2] In another letter, Ishme-Dagan I bluntly commands Yasmah-Adad to, “Show some sense.”^[2]

Conquests of Ishme-Dagan I[edit]

War against Eshnunna[edit]

The main challenge for Ishme-Dagan I was in keeping his enemies in check. To Ishme-Dagan I's south was the King Dadusha of Eshnunna. To Ishme-Dagan I's east were the warlike, nomadic, pastoral peoples inhabiting the foothills of the Zagros mountains. Eshnunna became the chief enemy of Ishme-Dagan I. Although records are sparse, there are some accounts of some political conflicts involving Eshnunna. An instance of defeat occurs in a year-name coined by the King Dadusha of Eshnunna which commemorates a victory over an army led by Ishme-Dagan I.^[2]

Campaign against Qabra and Nurugum[edit]

Shamshi-Adad I, along with Ishme-Dagan I, embarked on a new campaign against both Qabra and Nurugum. During the course of the campaign on Nurugum, Ishme-Dagan I and his armies besieged the city of Nineveh. Once Ishme-Dagan I conquered Nineveh, he allowed some prisoners to enter his army, and gave special treatment to skilled prisoners (according to letters excavated from the period.) These expeditions betray the different attitudes of the urban peoples toward the tribal peoples. The people of the kingdoms were treated differently than the tribal people.

Campaign against the Ya’ilanum[edit]

Another campaign for which records exist, is a campaign that Ishme-Dagan I appears to have fought against a nomadic tribe called the Ya’ilanum. Shamshi-Adad I had ordered Yasmah-Adad to execute all the members of this tribe. However, it was the troops of Ishme-Dagan I who later exterminated the entire tribe. There are two accounts of this annihilation, one from Shamshi-Adad I, and one from Ishme-Dagan I. Shamshi-Adad I seems to have slightly reneged on his earlier bloodthirstiness.^[3]

Death of Shamshi-Adad I[edit]

Although his father counted Ishme-Dagan I as politically astute and a capable soldier, commending him as he berated Yasmah-Adad in their letters, Ishme-Dagan I was not able to hold his father's empire for long after his father died. Ishme-Dagan I eventually lost most of his domain, and was reduced to holding Ashur and Ekallatum, despite waging several counter offensives to try to regain the upper Khabur area. The year-name of the fifth year of Ibalpiel II's reign (indicating some reverence to Shamshi-Adad I at his death) suggests that Eshnunna had become subservient to the Ekallatum. Ishme-Dagan I wrote a letter to his brother, after Ishme-Dagan I assumes their father's throne and the rule of all of Upper Mesopotamia, that he:

“Has the Elamites on a leash as well as their ally, the king of Eshnunna.”^[2]

His confidence was overstated, however; as year-names of the eighth and ninth years of King Ibalpiel's reign indicate Eshnunna attacked and destroyed the armies of Ashur and Mari, and Ishme-Dagan I's control over his father's entire realm slipped, as his hold was reduced to the region of Ashur and Ekallatum.

A letter that was purportedly from Ishme-Dagan I, writing to his brother after their father had died, states:

“I acceded to my father's throne, but having been very busy, I haven't sent you my news. Now you are my brother, and aside from you I have no brother. I will make peace with any city or king that you take as a vassal. Don't ever worry. Your throne is yours to keep.”^[4]

This letter led historians to believe that Yasmah-Adad held the throne of Mari for a while after his father died. However, this letter was proven to actually be from Ishme-Addu of Ashnakku, (written to Ibal-Addu of Ashlakka), thus disproving many chronologies that had been based on the letter.^[4]

In addition to letters whose authorship can be verified to Ishme-Dagan I, Shamshi-Adad I and Yasmah-Adad, there have been letters attributed to this family that were not written by them. One such letter caused issues in the chronology of the ancient near east, as it allowed historians to place dates on Hammurabi of Babylon.

Subservience to Babylon[edit]

Some evidence indicates that after his reduction in power, Ishme-Dagan I appeared to hold tolerable relations with Babylon, Eshnunna, and Mari. Hammurabi requested reinforcements from Ishme-Dagan I at least once, and Ishme-Dagan I responded, though it seems his response was grudging, and Hammurabi was not entirely pleased with the poor support. However, Ishme-Dagan's troops were present in Hammurabi's war against Elam, and Hammurabi even allowed Ishme-Dagan's generals into his secret council meetings, to the dismay of Zimri-Lim, Hammurabi's then ally.^[5] Ishme-Dagan's reputation with Hammurabi fluctuated with Hammurabi's goals, and there is some evidence that Hammurabi sent troops to aide Atamrum, one of Ishme-Dagan's rivals, during Babylon's war with Larsa.^[5] Later, it is likely that Ishme-Dagan I was the king of Ashur when Hammurabi vanquished her king and occupied Assyrian lands.^[2]

Preceded by Shamshi-Adad I	Išši’ak Aššur 1775–1765 BC	Succeeded by Mut-Ashkur

References[edit]

^ Van De Mieroop, Marc (2004). A History of the Ancient Near East ca. 3000-323 BC (2nd ed.). Blackwell Publishing. p. 107. ISBN 9781405149112.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume II, Part I (Third ed.). Cambridge University Press. 1973-05-03. pp. 3. ISBN 978-0521082303.
^ Vidal, Jordi (2013). ""Kill Them All!" Some Remarks on the Annihilation of the Ya'ilanum Tribe". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 133 (4): 684. doi:10.7817/jameroriesoci.133.4.0683.
^ ^a ^b Sasson, Jack M. (1993). "Albright as an Orientalist". The Biblical Archaeologist. 56 (1): 3–7. doi:10.2307/3210355. JSTOR 3210355. S2CID 107772786.
^ ^a ^b Van de Mieroop, Marc (2005). King Hammurabi of Babylon (Third ed.). Malden, Ma: Blackwell. pp. 54–63. ISBN 978-1-4051-2660-1.

Sources[edit]

[Mieroop-1] Van De Mieroop, Marc (2004). A History of the Ancient Near East ca. 3000-323 BC (2nd ed.). Blackwell Publishing. p. 107. ISBN 9781405149112.

[Cambridge-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume II, Part I (Third ed.). Cambridge University Press. 1973-05-03. pp. 3. ISBN 978-0521082303.

[Vidal-3] Vidal, Jordi (2013). ""Kill Them All!" Some Remarks on the Annihilation of the Ya'ilanum Tribe". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 133 (4): 684. doi:10.7817/jameroriesoci.133.4.0683.

[Sasson-4] Sasson, Jack M. (1993). "Albright as an Orientalist". The Biblical Archaeologist. 56 (1): 3–7. doi:10.2307/3210355. JSTOR 3210355. S2CID 107772786.

[Van_de_Mieroop-5] Van de Mieroop, Marc (2005). King Hammurabi of Babylon (Third ed.). Malden, Ma: Blackwell. pp. 54–63. ISBN 978-1-4051-2660-1.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|18-century monarch of Ekallatum and Assur}}
 {{Infobox royalty
-| name               = Ishme-Dagan I
+| name         = Ishme-Dagan I
-| title              = [[List of Assyrian kings|Išši’ak Aššur]]
+| title        = [[List of Assyrian kings|Išši’ak Aššur]]
-| native_lang1       = Akkadian
+| native_lang1 = Akkadian
 | native_lang1_name1 = Išme-Dagān I
-| reign              = ''fl.'' ''c.'' 1776 BCE — ''c.'' 1736 BCE
+| reign        = {{circa}} 1775–1765 BC
-| predecessor        = [[Shamshi-Adad I]]
+| predecessor  = [[Shamshi-Adad I]]
-| successor          = [[Mut-Ashkur]]
+| successor    = [[Mut-Ashkur]]
-| father             = [[Shamshi-Adad I]]|}}
+| father       = [[Shamshi-Adad I]]|
+}}
-'''Ishme-Dagan I''' ({{lang-akk|Išme-Dagān I|script=Latn|italic=yes}}; ''[[Floruit|fl.]] c.'' 1776 BCE — ''c.'' 1736 BCE) was a monarch of the [[Old Assyrian Empire]]. The much later [[Assyrian King List]] (AKL) credits Ishme-Dagan I with a reign of forty years, however; it is now known from a [[limmu]]-list of [[eponym dating system|eponyms]] unearthed at [[Kanesh]] in 2003 that his reign in [[Assur]] lasted eleven years. According to the AKL, Ishme-Dagan I was the son and successor of [[Shamshi-Adad I]]. Also according to the AKL, Ishme-Dagan I was succeeded by his son [[Mut-Ashkur]].
+'''Ishme-Dagan I''' ({{lang-akk|Išme-Dagān|script=Latn|italic=yes}}) was a monarch of [[Ekallatum]] and [[Assur]] during the [[Old Assyrian period]]. The much later [[Assyrian King List]] (AKL) credits Ishme-Dagan I with a reign of forty years; however, it is now known from a [[limmu]]-list of [[eponym dating system|eponyms]] unearthed at [[Kanesh]] in 2003 that his reign in [[Assur]] lasted eleven years. According to the AKL, Ishme-Dagan I was the son and successor of [[Shamshi-Adad I]]. Also according to the AKL, Ishme-Dagan I was succeeded by his son [[Mut-Ashkur]].
 ==Biography==
@@ Line 17: / Line 19: @@
 {{see also|Shamshi-Adad I|Ila-kabkabu|Ushpia|Apiashal|Yasmah-Adad|Mut-Ashkur}}
-[[File:Third Mari.png|thumb|256px|left|A map of the [[Ancient Near East]] showing the geopolitical situation around the [[Old Assyrian Empire]] (light brown) near contemporary [[great powers]] such as: [[Eshnunna]] (light blue), [[Yamhad]] (dark blue), [[Qatna]] (dark brown), the [[First Dynasty of Babylon]] (yellow), and the Third Mariote Kingdom (shortly before the conquest of the long-abandoned town of [[Tell Leilan|Shubat-Enlil]] c. 1808 BCE by the [[Amorite]] conqueror Shamshi-Adad I.)]]
+[[File:Third Mari.png|thumb|256px|left|A map of the [[Ancient Near East]] showing the geopolitical situation around the Assur (light brown) near contemporary [[great powers]] such as: [[Eshnunna]] (light blue), [[Yamhad]] (dark blue), [[Qatna]] (dark brown), the [[First Dynasty of Babylon]] (yellow), and the Third Mariote Kingdom (shortly before the conquest of the long-abandoned town of [[Tell Leilan|Shubat-Enlil]] c. 1808 BCE by the [[Amorite]] conqueror Shamshi-Adad I.)]]
 Ishme-Dagan I's father, Shamshi-Adad I, was an [[Amorite]] king, originally of [[Terqa]] (in [[Syria (region)|Syria]]), who seized control of Assyria around 1808 BCE.<ref name="Mieroop">{{cite book|last1=Van De Mieroop|first1=Marc|title=A History of the Ancient Near East ca. 3000-323 BC|date=2004|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|isbn=9781405149112|page=107|edition=2nd}}</ref>
-Shamshi-Adad I ruled from the capital city of the Old Assyrian Empire: Shubat-Enlil. Shamshi-Adad I placed his oldest son (Ishme-Dagan I) on the throne of Ekallatum. Shamshi-Adad I placed his youngest son (Yasmah-Adad) on the throne of Mari. Ishme-Dagan I ruled the south-eastern region in Upper Mesopotamia. Ishme-Dagan I's realm of influence included the city-state of Assur.
+Shamshi-Adad I ruled from Shubat-Enlil. Shamshi-Adad I placed his oldest son (Ishme-Dagan I) on the throne of Ekallatum. Shamshi-Adad I placed his youngest son (Yasmah-Adad) on the throne of Mari. Ishme-Dagan I ruled the south-eastern region in Upper Mesopotamia. Ishme-Dagan I's realm of influence included the city-state of Assur.
 ====Correspondence====
+A number of letters relating the familial relationships between Shamshi-Adad I and his two sons have been excavated, and these letters provide a glimpse into the tensions of this family of rulers. Ishme-Dagan I is called, “A forceful soldier not afraid to risk his own skin.” This was a quality which allowed Shamshi-Adad I to rely on him unhesitatingly.<ref name="Cambridge">{{cite book|title=The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume II, Part I|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0521082303|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgeancient02edwa_0/page/3 3]|edition=Third|date=1973-05-03|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgeancient02edwa_0|url-access=registration}}</ref> Shamshi-Adad I's correspondence with his younger son is not as generous, and Ishme-Dagan I appears to have picked up his father's censure of his younger brother and contributed to it. In one letter, Ishme-Dagan I asks his brother, “Why are you setting up a wail about this thing? That is not great conduct.”<ref name="Cambridge" /> In another letter, Ishme-Dagan I bluntly commands Yasmah-Adad to, “Show some sense.”<ref name="Cambridge" />
-A number of letters relating the familial relationships between Shamshi-Adad I and his two sons have been excavated, and these letters provide a glimpse into the tensions of this family of rulers. Ishme-Dagan I appears to have been:
-{{quotation|“A forceful soldier not afraid to risk his own skin.”}}
-A quality which allowed Shamshi-Adad I to rely on him unhesitatingly.<ref name="Cambridge">{{cite book|title=The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume II, Part I|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0521082303|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgeancient02edwa_0/page/3 3]|edition=Third|date=1973-05-03|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgeancient02edwa_0|url-access=registration}}</ref> Shamshi-Adad I's correspondence to his younger son is not as generous, and Ishme-Dagan I appears to have picked up his father's censure of his younger brother and contributed to it. As one letter attests, Ishme-Dagan I asks his brother:
-{{quotation|“Why are you setting up a wail about this thing? That is not great conduct.”<ref name="Cambridge" />}}
-In one other letter; Ishme-Dagan I bluntly commands Yasmah-Adad to:
-{{quotation|“Show some sense.”<ref name="Cambridge" />}}
-In another, Ishme-Dagan I tells his brother to stop writing their father directly, and use him as an intermediary. The reasons behind this move could be political, as a way for Ishme-Dagan I to gain more political standing with their father, or perhaps Ishme-Dagan I was sincere in his desire to help his brother appear more competent in their father's eyes.
 ===Conquests of Ishme-Dagan I===
 ====War against Eshnunna====
+The main challenge for Ishme-Dagan I was in keeping his enemies in check. To Ishme-Dagan I's south was the King [[Dadusha]] of [[Eshnunna]]. To Ishme-Dagan I's east were the warlike, nomadic, pastoral peoples inhabiting the foothills of the [[Zagros mountains]]. Eshnunna became the chief enemy of Ishme-Dagan I. Although records are sparse, there are some accounts of some political conflicts involving Eshnunna. An instance of defeat occurs in a year-name coined by the King Dadusha of Eshnunna which commemorates a victory over an army led by Ishme-Dagan I.<ref name="Cambridge" />
-Ishme-Dagan I's main challenge was in keeping his enemies in check. To Ishme-Dagan I's south was the King [[Dadusha]] of Eshnunna (''fl.'' ''c.'' 1800 BCE — ''c.'' 1779 BCE.) To Ishme-Dagan I's east were the warlike, nomadic, pastoral peoples inhabiting the foothills of the Zagros mountains. Eshnunna was to be Ishme-Dagan I's chief enemy, and although records are sparse, there are some accounts of some political conflicts involving Eshnunna. An instance of defeat occurs in a year-name coined by the King Dadusha of Eshnunna which commemorates a victory over an army led by Ishme-Dagan I.<ref name="Cambridge" />
 ====Campaign against Qabra and Nurugum====
-Shamshi-Adad I, along with Ishme-Dagan I, embarked on a new campaign against both Qabra and Nurugum. During the course of the campaign on Nurugum, Ishme-Dagan I and his armies besieged the city of [[Nineveh]]. Once Ishme-Dagan I conquered Nineveh, he allowed some prisoners to enter his army, and gave special treatment to skilled prisoners (according to letters excavated from the period.) These expeditions betray the different attitudes of the urban peoples toward the tribal peoples. The people of the kingdoms were treated differently than the tribal people.
+Shamshi-Adad I, along with Ishme-Dagan I, embarked on a new campaign against both [[Qabra]] and Nurugum. During the course of the campaign on Nurugum, Ishme-Dagan I and his armies besieged the city of [[Nineveh]]. Once Ishme-Dagan I conquered Nineveh, he allowed some prisoners to enter his army, and gave special treatment to skilled prisoners (according to letters excavated from the period.) These expeditions betray the different attitudes of the urban peoples toward the tribal peoples. The people of the kingdoms were treated differently than the tribal people.
 ====Campaign against the Ya’ilanum====
+Another campaign for which records exist, is a campaign that Ishme-Dagan I appears to have fought against a nomadic tribe called the Ya’ilanum. Shamshi-Adad I had ordered Yasmah-Adad to execute all the members of this tribe. However, it was the troops of Ishme-Dagan I who later exterminated the entire tribe. There are two accounts of this annihilation, one from Shamshi-Adad I, and one from Ishme-Dagan I. Shamshi-Adad I seems to have slightly reneged on his earlier bloodthirstiness.<ref name="Vidal">{{cite journal| last1=Vidal| first1=Jordi|title="Kill Them All!" Some Remarks on the Annihilation of the Ya'ilanum Tribe| journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society| date=2013|volume=133| issue=4|page=684| doi=10.7817/jameroriesoci.133.4.0683}}</ref>
-Another campaign for which records exist is a campaign that Ishme-Dagan I appears to have engaged in was against the nomadic tribe called the Ya’ilanum. Shamshi-Adad I had ordered Yasmah-Adad to execute all the members of this tribe. However, it was the troops of Ishme-Dagan I who later exterminated the entire tribe. There are two accounts of this annihilation, one from Shamshi-Adad I, and one from Ishme-Dagan I. Shamshi-Adad I seems to have slightly reneged on his earlier bloodthirstiness<ref name="Vidal">{{cite journal|last1=Vidal|first1=Jordi|title="Kill Them All!" Some Remarks on the Annihilation of the Ya'ilanum Tribe|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society|date=2013|volume=133|issue=4|page=684|doi=10.7817/jameroriesoci.133.4.0683}}</ref> toward the tribes, as his account appears to limit the killing to the leaders and the combatants of the army, but in a letter from Ishme-Dagan I to Yasmah-Adad, it seems the whole population was eradicated, as he states:
-{{quotation|“Mar-Addu and all the sons of the tribe of Ya’ilanum were killed, and all its servants and soldiers were killed, and not one enemy escaped.”}}
 ===Death of Shamshi-Adad I===
-Although his father counted Ishme-Dagan I as politically astute and a capable soldier, commending him as he berated Yasmah-Adad in their letters, Ishme-Dagan I was not able to hold his father's empire for long after his father died. Ishme-Dagan I eventually lost most of his domain, and was reduced to holding Ashur and Ekallatum, despite waging several counter offensives to try to regain the upper [[Khabur (Euphrates)|Khabur]] area. The year-name of the fifth year of Ibalpiel II's reign (indicating some reverence to Shamshi-Adad I at his passing) suggests that Eshnunna had become subservient to the Old Assyrian Empire. Ishme-Dagan I wrote a letter to his brother, after Ishme-Dagan I assumes their father's throne and the rule of all of Upper Mesopotamia, that he:
+Although his father counted Ishme-Dagan I as politically astute and a capable soldier, commending him as he berated Yasmah-Adad in their letters, Ishme-Dagan I was not able to hold his father's empire for long after his father died. Ishme-Dagan I eventually lost most of his domain, and was reduced to holding Ashur and Ekallatum, despite waging several counter offensives to try to regain the upper [[Khabur (Euphrates)|Khabur]] area. The year-name of the fifth year of Ibalpiel II's reign (indicating some reverence to Shamshi-Adad I at his death) suggests that Eshnunna had become subservient to the Ekallatum. Ishme-Dagan I wrote a letter to his brother, after Ishme-Dagan I assumes their father's throne and the rule of all of Upper Mesopotamia, that he:
 {{quotation|“Has the [[Elamites]] on a leash as well as their ally, the king of Eshnunna.”<ref name="Cambridge" />}}
@@ Line 65: / Line 51: @@
 A letter that was purportedly from Ishme-Dagan I, writing to his brother after their father had died, states:
-{{quotation|“I acceded to my father's throne, but having been very busy, I haven't sent you my news. Now you are my brother, and aside from you I have no brother. I will make peace with any city or king that you take as a vassal. Don't ever worry. Your throne is yours to keep.”<ref name="Sasson">{{cite journal|last1=Sasson|first1=Jack M.|title=Albright as an Orientalist|journal=The Biblical Archaeologist|date=1993|volume=56|issue=1|pages=3–7|doi=10.2307/3210355|jstor=3210355}}</ref>}}
+{{quotation|“I acceded to my father's throne, but having been very busy, I haven't sent you my news. Now you are my brother, and aside from you I have no brother. I will make peace with any city or king that you take as a vassal. Don't ever worry. Your throne is yours to keep.”<ref name="Sasson">{{cite journal|last1=Sasson|first1=Jack M.|title=Albright as an Orientalist|journal=The Biblical Archaeologist|date=1993|volume=56|issue=1|pages=3–7|doi=10.2307/3210355|jstor=3210355|s2cid=107772786}}</ref>}}
-This letter led historians to believe that Yasmah-Adad held the throne of Mari for a while after his father died. However,  this letter was proven to actually be from Ishme-Addu of Ashnakku, (written to Ibal-Addu of Ashlakka, thus disproving many chronologies that had been based on the letter.<ref name="Sasson" />
+This letter led historians to believe that Yasmah-Adad held the throne of Mari for a while after his father died. However,  this letter was proven to actually be from Ishme-Addu of Ashnakku, (written to Ibal-Addu of Ashlakka), thus disproving many chronologies that had been based on the letter.<ref name="Sasson" />
 In addition to letters whose authorship can be verified to Ishme-Dagan I, Shamshi-Adad I and Yasmah-Adad, there have been letters attributed to this family that were not written by them. One such letter caused issues in the [[chronology of the ancient near east]], as it allowed historians to place dates on [[Hammurabi]] of Babylon.
@@ Line 76: / Line 62: @@
 {{S-start}}
 {{Succession box
-|title  = [[List of Assyrian kings|Išši’ak Aššur]]
+| title = [[List of Assyrian kings|Išši’ak Aššur]]
-|before = [[Shamshi-Adad I]]
+| before = [[Shamshi-Adad I]]
-|after  = [[Mut-Ashkur]]
+| after = [[Mut-Ashkur]]
+| years = 1775–1765 BC
-|years  = ''[[Floruit|fl.]]'' ''c.'' 1776 BCE — ''c.'' 1736 BCE}}
+}}
 {{S-end}}
 ==See also==
-{{Portal|Asia}}
 * [[Assyrian people]]
-* [[Assyrian continuity]]
 * [[List of Assyrian kings]]
 * [[Timeline of the Assyrian Empire]]
@@ Line 98: / Line 82: @@
 {{Assyrian kings}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Ishme-Dagan 01}}
 [[Category:18th-century BC Assyrian kings]]
 [[Category:Amorite kings]]
 [[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
+[[Category:Year of death unknown]]

v t e Kings of Assyria
List of Assyrian kings Royal titles Legendary kings and early governors Later kingship
Old Assyrian period (c. 2025–1364 BC)	Puzur-Ashur I Shalim-ahum Ilu-shuma Erishum I Ikunum Sargon I Puzur-Ashur II Naram-Sin Erishum II Shamshi-Adad I Ishme-Dagan I Mut-Ashkur (?) Rimush (?) Asinum (?) Puzur-Sin Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi (?) Nasir-Sin (?) Sin-namir (?) Ipqi-Ishtar (?) Adad-salulu (?) Adasi (?) Bel-bani Libaya Sharma-Adad I Iptar-Sin Bazaya Lullaya Shu-Ninua Sharma-Adad II Erishum III Shamshi-Adad II Ishme-Dagan II Shamshi-Adad III Ashur-nirari I Puzur-Ashur III Enlil-nasir I Nur-ili Ashur-shaduni Ashur-rabi I Ashur-nadin-ahhe I Enlil-Nasir II Ashur-nirari II Ashur-bel-nisheshu Ashur-rim-nisheshu Ashur-nadin-ahhe II Eriba-Adad I
Middle Assyrian Empire (c. 1363–912 BC)	Ashur-uballit I Enlil-nirari Arik-den-ili Adad-nirari I Shalmaneser I Tukulti-Ninurta I Ashur-nadin-apli Ashur-nirari III Enlil-kudurri-usur Ninurta-apal-Ekur Ashur-dan I Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur Mutakkil-Nusku Ashur-resh-ishi I Tiglath-Pileser I Asharid-apal-Ekur Ashur-bel-kala Eriba-Adad II Shamshi-Adad IV Ashurnasirpal I Shalmaneser II Ashur-nirari IV Ashur-rabi II Ashur-resh-ishi II Tiglath-Pileser II Ashur-dan II
Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–609 BC)	Adad-nirari II Tukulti-Ninurta II Ashurnasirpal II Shalmaneser III Shamshi-Adad V Adad-nirari III Shalmaneser IV Ashur-dan III Ashur-nirari V Tiglath-Pileser III Shalmaneser V Sargon II Sennacherib Esarhaddon Ashurbanipal Ashur-etil-ilani Sin-shumu-lishir Sinsharishkun Ashur-uballit II