Isotopes of barium: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Nuclides with atomic number of 56 but with different mass numbers}} |
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{{infobox barium isotopes}} |
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{{Infobox barium isotopes}} |
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Naturally occurring [[barium]] (<sub>56</sub>Ba) is a mix of six stable [[isotope]]s and one very long-lived radioactive primordial isotope, barium-130, identified as being unstable by geochemical means (from analysis of the presence of its daughter xenon-130 in rocks) in 2001.<ref name=Ba130>{{cite journal |last=Meshik |first=A.P. |last2=Hohenberg |first2=C.M. |last3=Pravdivtseva |first3=O.V. |last4=Kapusta |first4=Y.S. |title=Weak decay of <sup>130</sup>Ba and <sup>132</sup>Ba: Geochemical measurements |date=2001 |journal=Physical Review C |volume=64 |issue=3 |pages=035205–1–035205–6 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.64.035205|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1063702 |bibcode=2001PhRvC..64c5205M }}</ref> This nuclide decays by [[double electron capture]] (absorbing two electrons and emitting two neutrinos), with a half-life of (0.5–2.7)×10<sup>21</sup> years (about 10<sup>11</sup> times the age of the universe). |
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Naturally occurring [[barium]] (<sub>56</sub>Ba) is a mix of six stable [[isotope]]s and one very long-lived radioactive primordial isotope, barium-130, identified as being unstable by geochemical means (from analysis of the presence of its daughter xenon-130 in rocks) in 2001.<ref name="Ba130">{{cite journal |last=Meshik |first=A.P. |last2=Hohenberg |first2=C.M. |last3=Pravdivtseva |first3=O.V. |last4=Kapusta |first4=Y.S. |title=Weak decay of <sup>130</sup>Ba and <sup>132</sup>Ba: Geochemical measurements |date=2001 |journal=Physical Review C |volume=64 |issue=3 |pages=035205–1–035205–6 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.64.035205|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1063702 |bibcode=2001PhRvC..64c5205M }}</ref> This nuclide decays by [[double electron capture]] (absorbing two electrons and emitting two neutrinos), with a half-life of (0.5–2.7)×10<sup>21</sup> years (about 10<sup>11</sup> times the age of the universe). |
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There are a total of thirty-three known [[radioisotope]]s in addition to <sup>130</sup>Ba. The longest-lived of these is <sup>133</sup>Ba, which has a half-life of 10.51 years. All other radioisotopes have half-lives shorter than two weeks. The longest-lived [[nuclear isomer|isomer]] is <sup>133m</sup>Ba, which has a half-life of 38.9 hours |
There are a total of thirty-three known [[radioisotope]]s in addition to <sup>130</sup>Ba. The longest-lived of these is <sup>133</sup>Ba, which has a half-life of 10.51 years. All other radioisotopes have half-lives shorter than two weeks. The longest-lived [[nuclear isomer|isomer]] is <sup>133m</sup>Ba, which has a half-life of 38.9 hours. The shorter-lived <sup>137m</sup>Ba (half-life 2.55 minutes) arises as the decay product of the common fission product [[caesium-137]]. |
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Barium-114 is predicted to undergo [[cluster decay]], emitting a nucleus of stable [[Carbon-12|<sup>12</sup>C]] to produce <sup>102</sup>Sn. However this decay is not yet observed; the upper limit on the branching ratio of such decay is 0.0034%. |
Barium-114 is predicted to undergo [[cluster decay]], emitting a nucleus of stable [[Carbon-12|<sup>12</sup>C]] to produce <sup>102</sup>Sn. However this decay is not yet observed; the upper limit on the branching ratio of such decay is 0.0034%. |
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{{Isotopes table |
{{Isotopes table |
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|symbol=Ba |
|symbol=Ba |
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|refs=NUBASE2020, AME2020 II |
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|refs=<!-- not NUBASE2016 yet (2019-07-14) --> |
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|notes=m, unc(), mass#, spin(), spin#, daughter-st, daughter-nst, CD, EC, IT, n, p |
|notes=m, unc(), mass#, spin(), spin#, daughter-st, daughter-nst, CD, EC, IT, n, p |
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}} |
}} |
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| rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 56 |
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| rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 58 |
| rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 58 |
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| rowspan=4|113. |
| rowspan=4|113.95072(11) |
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| rowspan=4| |
| rowspan=4|460(125) ms |
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| [[beta decay|β<sup>+</sup> |
| [[beta decay|β<sup>+</sup>]] (79%) |
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| <sup> |
| <sup>114</sup>Cs |
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| rowspan=4|0+ |
| rowspan=4|0+ |
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| rowspan=4| |
| rowspan=4| |
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| rowspan=4| |
| rowspan=4| |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[alpha decay|α]] (. |
| [[alpha decay|α]] (0.9%) |
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| <sup>110</sup>Xe |
| <sup>110</sup>Xe |
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|- |
|- |
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| β<sup>+</sup> ( |
| β<sup>+</sup>, [[proton emission|p]] (20%) |
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| <sup> |
| <sup>113</sup>Xe |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[cluster decay|CD]] (<.0034%) |
| [[cluster decay|CD]] (<.0034%) |
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| <sup>102</sup>Sn, '''[[carbon-12|<sup>12</sup>C]]''' |
| <sup>102</sup>Sn, '''[[carbon-12|<sup>12</sup>C]]''' |
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|- |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56 |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 59 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 59 |
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| rowspan=2|114. |
| rowspan=2|114.94748(22)# |
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| rowspan=2|0.45(5) s |
| rowspan=2|0.45(5) s |
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| β<sup>+</sup> |
| β<sup>+</sup> |
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| <sup>115</sup>Cs |
| <sup>115</sup>Cs |
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| rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2|5/2+# |
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| rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2| |
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| rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2| |
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|- |
|- |
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| β<sup>+</sup>, p |
| β<sup>+</sup>, p (>15%) |
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| <sup>114</sup>Xe |
| <sup>114</sup>Xe |
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|- |
|- |
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Line 54: | Line 55: | ||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56 |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 60 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 60 |
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| rowspan=2|115. |
| rowspan=2|115.94162(22)# |
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| rowspan=2|1.3(2) s |
| rowspan=2|1.3(2) s |
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| β<sup>+</sup> |
| β<sup>+</sup> (97%) |
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| <sup>116</sup>Cs |
| <sup>116</sup>Cs |
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| rowspan=2|0+ |
| rowspan=2|0+ |
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| rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2| |
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|- |
|- |
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| β<sup>+</sup>, p |
| β<sup>+</sup>, p (3%) |
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| <sup>115</sup>Xe |
| <sup>115</sup>Xe |
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|- |
|- |
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Line 68: | Line 69: | ||
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 56 |
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| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 61 |
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 61 |
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| rowspan=3|116. |
| rowspan=3|116.93832(27) |
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| rowspan=3|1.75(7) s |
| rowspan=3|1.75(7) s |
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| β<sup>+</sup> |
| β<sup>+</sup> (87%) |
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| <sup>117</sup>Cs |
| <sup>117</sup>Cs |
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| rowspan=3|(3/2 |
| rowspan=3|(3/2+) |
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| rowspan=3| |
| rowspan=3| |
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| rowspan=3| |
| rowspan=3| |
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|- |
|- |
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| β<sup>+</sup>, |
| β<sup>+</sup>, p (13%) |
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| <sup>116</sup>Xe |
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|- |
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| β<sup>+</sup>, α (0.024%) |
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| <sup>113</sup>I |
| <sup>113</sup>I |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| <sup>118</sup>Ba |
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| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
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| <sup>116</sup>Xe |
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| style="text-align:right" | 62 |
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|- |
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| 117.93323(22)# |
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| rowspan=2|<sup>118</sup>Ba |
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| 5.2(2) s |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56 |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 62 |
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| rowspan=2|117.93304(21)# |
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| rowspan=2|5.2(2) s |
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| β<sup>+</sup> |
| β<sup>+</sup> |
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| <sup>118</sup>Cs |
| <sup>118</sup>Cs |
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| |
| 0+ |
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| |
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| rowspan=2| |
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| |
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| rowspan=2| |
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|- |
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| β<sup>+</sup>, p |
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| <sup>117</sup>Xe |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan=2|<sup>119</sup>Ba |
| rowspan=2|<sup>119</sup>Ba |
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Line 101: | Line 99: | ||
| rowspan=2|118.93066(21) |
| rowspan=2|118.93066(21) |
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| rowspan=2|5.4(3) s |
| rowspan=2|5.4(3) s |
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| β<sup>+</sup> |
| β<sup>+</sup> (75%) |
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| <sup>119</sup>Cs |
| <sup>119</sup>Cs |
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| rowspan=2|(5/2+) |
| rowspan=2|(5/2+) |
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Line 107: | Line 105: | ||
| rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2| |
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|- |
|- |
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| β<sup>+</sup>, p |
| β<sup>+</sup>, p (25%) |
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| <sup>118</sup>Xe |
| <sup>118</sup>Xe |
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|- |
|- |
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Line 128: | Line 126: | ||
| β<sup>+</sup> (99.98%) |
| β<sup>+</sup> (99.98%) |
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| <sup>121</sup>Cs |
| <sup>121</sup>Cs |
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| rowspan=2|5/2 |
| rowspan=2|5/2+ |
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| rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2| |
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| rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2| |
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|- |
|- |
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| β<sup>+</sup>, p (.02%) |
| β<sup>+</sup>, p (0.02%) |
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| <sup>120</sup>Xe |
| <sup>120</sup>Xe |
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|- |
|- |
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Line 153: | Line 151: | ||
| β<sup>+</sup> |
| β<sup>+</sup> |
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| <sup>123</sup>Cs |
| <sup>123</sup>Cs |
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| 5/2 |
| 5/2+ |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
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| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>123m</sup>Ba |
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| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 120.95(8) keV |
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| 830(60) ns |
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| [[Isomeric transition|IT]] |
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| <sup>123</sup>Ba |
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| 1/2+# |
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| |
| |
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| |
| |
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Line 171: | Line 178: | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
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| style="text-align:right" | 69 |
| style="text-align:right" | 69 |
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| 124. |
| 124.914472(12) |
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| 3. |
| 3.3(3) min |
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| β<sup>+</sup> |
| β<sup>+</sup> |
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| <sup>125</sup>Cs |
| <sup>125</sup>Cs |
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| 1/2 |
| 1/2+ |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
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| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>125m</sup>Ba |
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| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 120(20)# keV |
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| 2.76(14) μs |
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| IT |
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| <sup>125</sup>Ba |
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| (7/2−) |
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| |
| |
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| |
| |
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Line 193: | Line 209: | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
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| style="text-align:right" | 71 |
| style="text-align:right" | 71 |
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| 126. |
| 126.911091(12) |
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| 12.7(4) min |
| 12.7(4) min |
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| β<sup>+</sup> |
| β<sup>+</sup> |
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Line 202: | Line 218: | ||
|- |
|- |
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| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>127m</sup>Ba |
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>127m</sup>Ba |
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| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 80. |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 80.32(11) keV |
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| 1. |
| 1.93(7) s |
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| IT |
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| [[Isomeric transition|IT]] |
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| <sup>127</sup>Ba |
| <sup>127</sup>Ba |
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| 7/2− |
| 7/2− |
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Line 213: | Line 229: | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
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| style="text-align:right" | 72 |
| style="text-align:right" | 72 |
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| 127. |
| 127.9083524(17) |
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| 2.43(5) d |
| 2.43(5) d |
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| [[electron capture|EC]] |
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| β<sup>+</sup> |
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| <sup>128</sup>Cs |
| <sup>128</sup>Cs |
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| 0+ |
| 0+ |
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| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
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| style="text-align:right" | 73 |
| style="text-align:right" | 73 |
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| 128. |
| 128.908683(11) |
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| 2.23(11) h |
| 2.23(11) h |
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| β<sup>+</sup> |
| β<sup>+</sup> |
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Line 234: | Line 250: | ||
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>129m</sup>Ba |
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>129m</sup>Ba |
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| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 8.42(6) keV |
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 8.42(6) keV |
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| rowspan=2|2. |
| rowspan=2|2.135(10) h |
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| β<sup>+</sup> |
| β<sup>+</sup> |
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| <sup>129</sup>Cs |
| <sup>129</sup>Cs |
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| rowspan=2|7/2+ |
| rowspan=2|7/2+ |
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| rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2| |
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| rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2| |
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Line 247: | Line 263: | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
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| style="text-align:right" | 74 |
| style="text-align:right" | 74 |
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| 129. |
| 129.9063260(3) |
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| ''' |
| '''≈ 1×10<sup>21</sup> y''' |
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| [[Double electron capture| |
| [[Double electron capture|2EC]]? |
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| '''<sup>130</sup>Xe''' |
| '''<sup>130</sup>Xe''' |
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| 0+ |
| 0+ |
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| 0. |
| 0.0011(1) |
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| |
| |
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|- |
|- |
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Line 267: | Line 283: | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
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| style="text-align:right" | 75 |
| style="text-align:right" | 75 |
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| 130. |
| 130.9069463(4) |
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| 11. |
| 11.52(1) d |
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| β<sup>+</sup> |
| β<sup>+</sup> |
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| <sup>131</sup>Cs |
| <sup>131</sup>Cs |
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Line 276: | Line 292: | ||
|- |
|- |
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| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>131m</sup>Ba |
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>131m</sup>Ba |
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| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 187. |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 187.995(9) keV |
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| 14. |
| 14.26(9) min |
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| IT |
| IT |
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| <sup>131</sup>Ba |
| <sup>131</sup>Ba |
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Line 287: | Line 303: | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
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| style="text-align:right" | 76 |
| style="text-align:right" | 76 |
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| 131. |
| 131.9050612(11) |
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| colspan=3 align=center|[[Observationally Stable]]<ref group="n">Believed to undergo β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup> decay to '''<sup>132</sup>Xe''' with a [[half-life]] over |
| colspan=3 align=center|'''[[Observationally Stable]]'''<ref group="n">Believed to undergo β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup> decay to '''<sup>132</sup>Xe''' with a [[half-life]] over 3×10<sup>20</sup> years</ref> |
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| 0+ |
| 0+ |
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| 0. |
| 0.0010(1) |
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| |
| |
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|- |
|- |
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Line 296: | Line 312: | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
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| style="text-align:right" | 77 |
| style="text-align:right" | 77 |
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| |
|132.9060074(11) |
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| 10. |
| 10.5379(16) y |
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| EC |
| EC |
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| '''<sup>133</sup>Cs''' |
| '''<sup>133</sup>Cs''' |
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Line 305: | Line 321: | ||
|- |
|- |
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| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>133m</sup>Ba |
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>133m</sup>Ba |
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| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 288. |
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 288.252(9) keV |
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| rowspan=2|38. |
| rowspan=2|38.90(6) h |
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| IT (99.99%) |
| IT (99.99%) |
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| <sup>133</sup>Ba |
| <sup>133</sup>Ba |
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Line 313: | Line 329: | ||
| rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2| |
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|- |
|- |
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| EC (. |
| EC (0.0104%) |
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| '''<sup>133</sup>Cs''' |
| '''<sup>133</sup>Cs''' |
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|- |
|- |
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Line 319: | Line 335: | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
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| style="text-align:right" | 78 |
| style="text-align:right" | 78 |
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| 133. |
| 133.90450825(27) |
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| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable''' |
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable''' |
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| 0+ |
| 0+ |
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| 0. |
| 0.0242(15) |
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| |
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|- |
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| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>134m</sup>Ba |
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| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2957.2(5) keV |
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| 2.61(13) μs |
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| IT |
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| '''<sup>134</sup>Ba''' |
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| 10+ |
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| |
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| |
| |
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|- |
|- |
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Line 328: | Line 353: | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
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| style="text-align:right" | 79 |
| style="text-align:right" | 79 |
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| 134. |
| 134.90568845(26) |
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| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable''' |
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable''' |
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| 3/2+ |
| 3/2+ |
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| 0. |
| 0.0659(10) |
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| |
| |
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|- |
|- |
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| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup> |
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>135m1</sup>Ba |
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| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 268. |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 268.218(20) keV |
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| 28. |
| 28.11(2) h |
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| IT |
| IT |
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| '''<sup>135</sup>Ba''' |
| '''<sup>135</sup>Ba''' |
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| 11/2− |
| 11/2− |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
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| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>135m2</sup>Ba |
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| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2388.0(5) keV |
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| 1.06(4) ms |
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| IT |
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| '''<sup>135</sup>Ba''' |
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| (23/2+) |
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| |
| |
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| |
| |
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Line 346: | Line 380: | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
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| style="text-align:right" | 80 |
| style="text-align:right" | 80 |
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| |
|135.90457580(26) |
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| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable''' |
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable''' |
||
| 0+ |
| 0+ |
||
| 0. |
| 0.0785(24) |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
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| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup> |
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>136m1</sup>Ba |
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| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2030. |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2030.535(18) keV |
||
| 308.4(19) ms |
| 308.4(19) ms |
||
| IT |
| IT |
||
| '''<sup>136</sup>Ba''' |
| '''<sup>136</sup>Ba''' |
||
| 7− |
| 7− |
||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
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| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>136m2</sup>Ba |
|||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3357.19(25) keV |
|||
| 91(2) ns |
|||
| IT |
|||
| '''<sup>136</sup>Ba''' |
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| 10+ |
|||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 364: | Line 407: | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
| style="text-align:right" | 81 |
||
| |
|136.90582721(27) |
||
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable''' |
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable''' |
||
| 3/2+ |
| 3/2+ |
||
| 0. |
| 0.1123(23) |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 380: | Line 423: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>137m2</sup>Ba |
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>137m2</sup>Ba |
||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2349.1( |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2349.1(5) keV |
||
| |
| 589(20) ns |
||
| |
| IT |
||
| '''<sup>137</sup>Ba''' |
|||
| |
|||
| ( |
| (19/2−) |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 391: | Line 434: | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 82 |
| style="text-align:right" | 82 |
||
| 137. |
| 137.90524706(27) |
||
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable''' |
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable''' |
||
| 0+ |
| 0+ |
||
| 0. |
| 0.7170(29) |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>138m</sup>Ba |
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>138m</sup>Ba |
||
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2090. |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2090.536(21) keV |
||
| |
| 850(100) ns |
||
| |
| IT |
||
| '''<sup>138</sup>Ba''' |
|||
| |
|||
| 6+ |
| 6+ |
||
| |
| |
||
Line 409: | Line 452: | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 83 |
| style="text-align:right" | 83 |
||
| 138. |
| 138.90884116(27) |
||
| |
| 82.93(9) min |
||
| β<sup>−</sup> |
| β<sup>−</sup> |
||
| '''<sup>139</sup>La''' |
| '''<sup>139</sup>La''' |
||
Line 420: | Line 463: | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 84 |
| style="text-align:right" | 84 |
||
| 139. |
| 139.910608(8) |
||
| 12. |
| 12.7534(21) d |
||
| β<sup>−</sup> |
| β<sup>−</sup> |
||
| <sup>140</sup>La |
| <sup>140</sup>La |
||
Line 431: | Line 474: | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 85 |
| style="text-align:right" | 85 |
||
| 140. |
| 140.914404(6) |
||
| 18.27(7) min |
| 18.27(7) min |
||
| β<sup>−</sup> |
| β<sup>−</sup> |
||
Line 442: | Line 485: | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 86 |
| style="text-align:right" | 86 |
||
| 141. |
| 141.916433(6) |
||
| 10.6(2) min |
| 10.6(2) min |
||
| β<sup>−</sup> |
| β<sup>−</sup> |
||
Line 453: | Line 496: | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 87 |
| style="text-align:right" | 87 |
||
| 142. |
| 142.920625(7) |
||
| 14.5(3) s |
| 14.5(3) s |
||
| β<sup>−</sup> |
| β<sup>−</sup> |
||
Line 464: | Line 507: | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 88 |
| style="text-align:right" | 88 |
||
| |
|143.922955(8) |
||
| 11. |
| 11.73(8) s |
||
| β<sup>−</sup> |
| β<sup>−</sup> |
||
| <sup>144</sup>La |
| <sup>144</sup>La |
||
Line 475: | Line 518: | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 89 |
| style="text-align:right" | 89 |
||
| 144. |
| 144.927518(9) |
||
| 4.31(16) s |
| 4.31(16) s |
||
| β<sup>−</sup> |
| β<sup>−</sup> |
||
Line 483: | Line 526: | ||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| <sup>146</sup>Ba |
||
| |
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
||
| |
| style="text-align:right" | 90 |
||
| |
| 145.9303632(19) |
||
| |
| 2.15(4) s |
||
| β<sup>−</sup> |
| β<sup>−</sup> |
||
| <sup>146</sup>La |
| <sup>146</sup>La |
||
| |
| 0+ |
||
| |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
| |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
|- |
|||
| β<sup>−</sup>, [[neutron emission|n]] (.02%) |
|||
| <sup>145</sup>La |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2|<sup>147</sup>Ba |
| rowspan=2|<sup>147</sup>Ba |
||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56 |
||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 91 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 91 |
||
| rowspan=2|146. |
| rowspan=2|146.935304(21) |
||
| rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2|893(1) ms |
||
| β<sup>−</sup> (99. |
| β<sup>−</sup> (99.93%) |
||
| <sup>147</sup>La |
| <sup>147</sup>La |
||
| rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2|5/2− |
||
| rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2| |
||
| rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (. |
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (0.07%) |
||
| <sup>146</sup>La |
| <sup>146</sup>La |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 514: | Line 554: | ||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56 |
||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 92 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 92 |
||
| rowspan=2|147. |
| rowspan=2| 147.9382230(16) |
||
| rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2|620(5) ms |
||
| β<sup>−</sup> (99.6%) |
| β<sup>−</sup> (99.6%) |
||
| <sup>148</sup>La |
| <sup>148</sup>La |
||
Line 522: | Line 562: | ||
| rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (.4%) |
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (0.4%) |
||
| <sup>147</sup>La |
| <sup>147</sup>La |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 528: | Line 568: | ||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56 |
||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 93 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 93 |
||
| rowspan=2|148. |
| rowspan=2|148.9432840(27) |
||
| rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2|349(4) ms |
||
| β<sup>−</sup> ( |
| β<sup>−</sup> (96.1%) |
||
| <sup>149</sup>La |
| <sup>149</sup>La |
||
| rowspan=2|3/2−# |
| rowspan=2|3/2−# |
||
Line 536: | Line 576: | ||
| rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (. |
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (3.9%) |
||
| <sup>148</sup>La |
| <sup>148</sup>La |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 542: | Line 582: | ||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56 |
||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 94 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 94 |
||
| rowspan=2|149. |
| rowspan=2| 149.946441(6) |
||
| rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2|258(5) ms |
||
| β<sup>−</sup> |
| β<sup>−</sup> (99.0%) |
||
| <sup>150</sup>La |
| <sup>150</sup>La |
||
| rowspan=2|0+ |
| rowspan=2|0+ |
||
Line 550: | Line 590: | ||
| rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| β<sup>−</sup>, n ( |
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (1.0%) |
||
| <sup>149</sup>La |
| <sup>149</sup>La |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup>151</sup>Ba |
| rowspan=2|<sup>151</sup>Ba |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56 |
||
| style="text-align:right" | 95 |
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 95 |
||
| 150. |
| rowspan=2|150.95176(43)# |
||
| |
| rowspan=2|167(5) ms |
||
| β<sup>−</sup> |
| β<sup>−</sup> |
||
| <sup>151</sup>La |
| <sup>151</sup>La |
||
| 3/2−# |
| rowspan=2|3/2−# |
||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
| |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup> |
| β<sup>−</sup>, n? |
||
| <sup>150</sup>La |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 96 |
|||
| rowspan=2|<sup>152</sup>Ba |
|||
| 151.95427(54)# |
|||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56 |
|||
| 100# ms |
|||
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 96 |
|||
| rowspan=2|151.95533(43)# |
|||
| rowspan=2|139(8) ms |
|||
| β<sup>−</sup> |
| β<sup>−</sup> |
||
| <sup>152</sup>La |
| <sup>152</sup>La |
||
| 0+ |
| rowspan=2|0+ |
||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
| |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| <sup> |
| β<sup>−</sup>, n? |
||
| <sup>151</sup>La |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 97 |
|||
| rowspan=3|<sup>153</sup>Ba |
|||
| 152.95961(86)# |
|||
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 56 |
|||
| 80# ms |
|||
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 97 |
|||
| rowspan=3|152.96085(43)# |
|||
| rowspan=3|113(39) ms |
|||
| β<sup>−</sup> |
| β<sup>−</sup> |
||
| <sup>153</sup>La |
| <sup>153</sup>La |
||
| 5/2−# |
| rowspan=3|5/2−# |
||
| rowspan=3| |
|||
| rowspan=3| |
|||
|- |
|||
| β<sup>−</sup>, n? |
|||
| <sup>152</sup>La |
|||
|- |
|||
| β<sup>−</sup>, 2n? |
|||
| <sup>151</sup>La |
|||
|- |
|||
| <sup>154</sup>Ba |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 56 |
|||
| style="text-align:right" | 98 |
|||
|153.96466(54)# |
|||
| 53(48) ms |
|||
| β<sup>−</sup> |
|||
| <sup>154</sup>La |
|||
| 0+ |
|||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
{{Isotopes table/footer}} |
{{Isotopes table/footer}} |
||
==See also== |
|||
{{Wikipedia-Books|Barium}} |
|||
{{-}} |
|||
== References == |
== References == |
||
{{Reflist}} |
|||
<references /> |
|||
* Isotope masses from: |
* Isotope masses from: |
||
**{{NUBASE 2003}} |
**{{NUBASE 2003}} |
||
* Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from: |
* Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from: |
||
**{{ |
**{{CIAAW2003}} |
||
**{{CIAAW 2005}} |
**{{CIAAW 2005}} |
||
* Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. |
* Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. |
||
Line 607: | Line 666: | ||
{{Navbox element isotopes}} |
{{Navbox element isotopes}} |
||
{{Authority control}} |
|||
[[Category:Barium]] |
|||
[[Category:Isotopes of barium| ]] |
[[Category:Isotopes of barium| ]] |
||
[[Category:Barium]] |
|||
[[Category:Lists of isotopes by element|Barium]] |
[[Category:Lists of isotopes by element|Barium]] |
Latest revision as of 00:58, 11 July 2024
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ba) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Naturally occurring barium (56Ba) is a mix of six stable isotopes and one very long-lived radioactive primordial isotope, barium-130, identified as being unstable by geochemical means (from analysis of the presence of its daughter xenon-130 in rocks) in 2001.[4] This nuclide decays by double electron capture (absorbing two electrons and emitting two neutrinos), with a half-life of (0.5–2.7)×1021 years (about 1011 times the age of the universe).
There are a total of thirty-three known radioisotopes in addition to 130Ba. The longest-lived of these is 133Ba, which has a half-life of 10.51 years. All other radioisotopes have half-lives shorter than two weeks. The longest-lived isomer is 133mBa, which has a half-life of 38.9 hours. The shorter-lived 137mBa (half-life 2.55 minutes) arises as the decay product of the common fission product caesium-137.
Barium-114 is predicted to undergo cluster decay, emitting a nucleus of stable 12C to produce 102Sn. However this decay is not yet observed; the upper limit on the branching ratio of such decay is 0.0034%.
List of isotopes
[edit]
Nuclide [n 1] |
Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da)[5] [n 2][n 3] |
Half-life[1] |
Decay mode[1] [n 4] |
Daughter isotope [n 5][n 6] |
Spin and parity[1] [n 7][n 8] |
Natural abundance (mole fraction) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excitation energy | Normal proportion[1] | Range of variation | |||||||||||||||||
114Ba | 56 | 58 | 113.95072(11) | 460(125) ms | β+ (79%) | 114Cs | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (0.9%) | 110Xe | ||||||||||||||||||
β+, p (20%) | 113Xe | ||||||||||||||||||
CD (<.0034%) | 102Sn, 12C | ||||||||||||||||||
115Ba | 56 | 59 | 114.94748(22)# | 0.45(5) s | β+ | 115Cs | 5/2+# | ||||||||||||
β+, p (>15%) | 114Xe | ||||||||||||||||||
116Ba | 56 | 60 | 115.94162(22)# | 1.3(2) s | β+ (97%) | 116Cs | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+, p (3%) | 115Xe | ||||||||||||||||||
117Ba | 56 | 61 | 116.93832(27) | 1.75(7) s | β+ (87%) | 117Cs | (3/2+) | ||||||||||||
β+, p (13%) | 116Xe | ||||||||||||||||||
β+, α (0.024%) | 113I | ||||||||||||||||||
118Ba | 56 | 62 | 117.93323(22)# | 5.2(2) s | β+ | 118Cs | 0+ | ||||||||||||
119Ba | 56 | 63 | 118.93066(21) | 5.4(3) s | β+ (75%) | 119Cs | (5/2+) | ||||||||||||
β+, p (25%) | 118Xe | ||||||||||||||||||
120Ba | 56 | 64 | 119.92604(32) | 24(2) s | β+ | 120Cs | 0+ | ||||||||||||
121Ba | 56 | 65 | 120.92405(15) | 29.7(15) s | β+ (99.98%) | 121Cs | 5/2+ | ||||||||||||
β+, p (0.02%) | 120Xe | ||||||||||||||||||
122Ba | 56 | 66 | 121.91990(3) | 1.95(15) min | β+ | 122Cs | 0+ | ||||||||||||
123Ba | 56 | 67 | 122.918781(13) | 2.7(4) min | β+ | 123Cs | 5/2+ | ||||||||||||
123mBa | 120.95(8) keV | 830(60) ns | IT | 123Ba | 1/2+# | ||||||||||||||
124Ba | 56 | 68 | 123.915094(13) | 11.0(5) min | β+ | 124Cs | 0+ | ||||||||||||
125Ba | 56 | 69 | 124.914472(12) | 3.3(3) min | β+ | 125Cs | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||
125mBa | 120(20)# keV | 2.76(14) μs | IT | 125Ba | (7/2−) | ||||||||||||||
126Ba | 56 | 70 | 125.911250(13) | 100(2) min | β+ | 126Cs | 0+ | ||||||||||||
127Ba | 56 | 71 | 126.911091(12) | 12.7(4) min | β+ | 127Cs | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||
127mBa | 80.32(11) keV | 1.93(7) s | IT | 127Ba | 7/2− | ||||||||||||||
128Ba | 56 | 72 | 127.9083524(17) | 2.43(5) d | EC | 128Cs | 0+ | ||||||||||||
129Ba | 56 | 73 | 128.908683(11) | 2.23(11) h | β+ | 129Cs | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||
129mBa | 8.42(6) keV | 2.135(10) h | β+ | 129Cs | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||||
IT | 129Ba | ||||||||||||||||||
130Ba[n 9] | 56 | 74 | 129.9063260(3) | ≈ 1×1021 y | 2EC? | 130Xe | 0+ | 0.0011(1) | |||||||||||
130mBa | 2475.12(18) keV | 9.54(14) ms | IT | 130Ba | 8− | ||||||||||||||
131Ba | 56 | 75 | 130.9069463(4) | 11.52(1) d | β+ | 131Cs | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||
131mBa | 187.995(9) keV | 14.26(9) min | IT | 131Ba | 9/2− | ||||||||||||||
132Ba | 56 | 76 | 131.9050612(11) | Observationally Stable[n 10] | 0+ | 0.0010(1) | |||||||||||||
133Ba | 56 | 77 | 132.9060074(11) | 10.5379(16) y | EC | 133Cs | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||
133mBa | 288.252(9) keV | 38.90(6) h | IT (99.99%) | 133Ba | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
EC (0.0104%) | 133Cs | ||||||||||||||||||
134Ba | 56 | 78 | 133.90450825(27) | Stable | 0+ | 0.0242(15) | |||||||||||||
134mBa | 2957.2(5) keV | 2.61(13) μs | IT | 134Ba | 10+ | ||||||||||||||
135Ba | 56 | 79 | 134.90568845(26) | Stable | 3/2+ | 0.0659(10) | |||||||||||||
135m1Ba | 268.218(20) keV | 28.11(2) h | IT | 135Ba | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
135m2Ba | 2388.0(5) keV | 1.06(4) ms | IT | 135Ba | (23/2+) | ||||||||||||||
136Ba | 56 | 80 | 135.90457580(26) | Stable | 0+ | 0.0785(24) | |||||||||||||
136m1Ba | 2030.535(18) keV | 308.4(19) ms | IT | 136Ba | 7− | ||||||||||||||
136m2Ba | 3357.19(25) keV | 91(2) ns | IT | 136Ba | 10+ | ||||||||||||||
137Ba | 56 | 81 | 136.90582721(27) | Stable | 3/2+ | 0.1123(23) | |||||||||||||
137m1Ba | 661.659(3) keV | 2.552(1) min | IT | 137Ba | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
137m2Ba | 2349.1(5) keV | 589(20) ns | IT | 137Ba | (19/2−) | ||||||||||||||
138Ba[n 11] | 56 | 82 | 137.90524706(27) | Stable | 0+ | 0.7170(29) | |||||||||||||
138mBa | 2090.536(21) keV | 850(100) ns | IT | 138Ba | 6+ | ||||||||||||||
139Ba[n 11] | 56 | 83 | 138.90884116(27) | 82.93(9) min | β− | 139La | 7/2− | ||||||||||||
140Ba[n 11] | 56 | 84 | 139.910608(8) | 12.7534(21) d | β− | 140La | 0+ | ||||||||||||
141Ba[n 11] | 56 | 85 | 140.914404(6) | 18.27(7) min | β− | 141La | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
142Ba[n 11] | 56 | 86 | 141.916433(6) | 10.6(2) min | β− | 142La | 0+ | ||||||||||||
143Ba[n 11] | 56 | 87 | 142.920625(7) | 14.5(3) s | β− | 143La | 5/2− | ||||||||||||
144Ba[n 11] | 56 | 88 | 143.922955(8) | 11.73(8) s | β− | 144La | 0+ | ||||||||||||
145Ba | 56 | 89 | 144.927518(9) | 4.31(16) s | β− | 145La | 5/2− | ||||||||||||
146Ba | 56 | 90 | 145.9303632(19) | 2.15(4) s | β− | 146La | 0+ | ||||||||||||
147Ba | 56 | 91 | 146.935304(21) | 893(1) ms | β− (99.93%) | 147La | 5/2− | ||||||||||||
β−, n (0.07%) | 146La | ||||||||||||||||||
148Ba | 56 | 92 | 147.9382230(16) | 620(5) ms | β− (99.6%) | 148La | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β−, n (0.4%) | 147La | ||||||||||||||||||
149Ba | 56 | 93 | 148.9432840(27) | 349(4) ms | β− (96.1%) | 149La | 3/2−# | ||||||||||||
β−, n (3.9%) | 148La | ||||||||||||||||||
150Ba | 56 | 94 | 149.946441(6) | 258(5) ms | β− (99.0%) | 150La | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β−, n (1.0%) | 149La | ||||||||||||||||||
151Ba | 56 | 95 | 150.95176(43)# | 167(5) ms | β− | 151La | 3/2−# | ||||||||||||
β−, n? | 150La | ||||||||||||||||||
152Ba | 56 | 96 | 151.95533(43)# | 139(8) ms | β− | 152La | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β−, n? | 151La | ||||||||||||||||||
153Ba | 56 | 97 | 152.96085(43)# | 113(39) ms | β− | 153La | 5/2−# | ||||||||||||
β−, n? | 152La | ||||||||||||||||||
β−, 2n? | 151La | ||||||||||||||||||
154Ba | 56 | 98 | 153.96466(54)# | 53(48) ms | β− | 154La | 0+ | ||||||||||||
This table header & footer: |
- ^ mBa – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
- ^
Modes of decay:
CD: Cluster decay EC: Electron capture IT: Isomeric transition n: Neutron emission p: Proton emission - ^ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
- ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
- ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
- ^ # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
- ^ Primordial radioisotope
- ^ Believed to undergo β+β+ decay to 132Xe with a half-life over 3×1020 years
- ^ a b c d e f g Fission product
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
- ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Barium". CIAAW. 1985.
- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
- ^ Meshik, A.P.; Hohenberg, C.M.; Pravdivtseva, O.V.; Kapusta, Y.S. (2001). "Weak decay of 130Ba and 132Ba: Geochemical measurements". Physical Review C. 64 (3): 035205–1–035205–6. Bibcode:2001PhRvC..64c5205M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.64.035205.
- ^ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
- Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
- "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
- Half-life of 130Ba from:
- A. P. Meshik; C. M. Hohenberg; O. V. Pravdivtseva; Ya. S. Kapusta (2001). "Weak decay of 130Ba and 132Ba: Geochemical measurements". Physical Review C. 64 (3): 035205 [6 pages]. Bibcode:2001PhRvC..64c5205M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.64.035205.
- M. Pujol; B. Marty; P. Burnard; P. Philippot (2009). "Xenon in Archean barite: Weak decay of 130Ba, mass-dependent isotopic fractionation and implication for barite formation". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 73 (22): 6834–6846. Bibcode:2009GeCoA..73.6834P. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2009.08.002.