OpenQASM: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Intermediate representation for quantum instructions}} |
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{{primary sources|date=September 2018}} |
{{primary sources|date=September 2018}} |
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{{Infobox programming language |
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| license = [[Apache License]] 2.0 |
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| file ext = <code>.qasm</code> |
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'''Open Quantum Assembly Language''' ('''OpenQASM'''; pronounced ''open kazm''<ref name=Cross>{{cite arXiv|title=Open Quantum Assembly Language|first1=Andrew W.|last1=Cross|first2=Lev S.|last2=Bishop|first3=John A.|last3=Smolin|first4=Jay M.|last4=Gambetta|year=2017|class=quant-ph|eprint=1707.03429}}</ref>) is a programming language designed for describing quantum circuits and algorithms for execution on quantum computers. It is designed to be an [[intermediate representation]] that can be used by higher-level compilers to communicate with quantum hardware, and allows for the description of a wide range of quantum operations, as well as classical feed-forward flow control based on measurement outcomes. |
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The language includes a mechanism for describing explicit timing of instructions, and allows for the attachment of low-level definitions to gates for tasks such as calibration.<ref name=Cross/> OpenQASM is not intended for general-purpose classical computation, and hardware implementations of the language may not support the full range of data manipulation described in the specification. Compilers for OpenQASM are expected to support a wide range of classical operations for compile-time constants, but the support for these operations on runtime values may vary between implementations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://openqasm.com/intro.html|title=OpenQASM Live Specification|access-date=26 December 2022}}</ref> |
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⚫ | The language was first described in a paper published in July 2017,<ref name=Cross/> and a reference source code implementation was released as part of [[IBM]]'s Quantum Information Software Kit ([[Qiskit]]) for use with their [[IBM Quantum Experience]] [[Cloud-based quantum computing|cloud quantum computing]] platform.<ref>{{Citation|title=qiskit-openqasm: OpenQASM specification|date=2017-07-04|url=https://qiskit.github.io/openqasm/|publisher=International Business Machines|access-date=2017-07-06}}</ref> The language has similar qualities to traditional [[hardware description language]]s such as [[Verilog]]. |
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== Examples == |
== Examples == |
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The following is an example of OpenQASM source code from the official library. The program adds two four-bit numbers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/ |
The following is an example of OpenQASM source code from the official library. The program adds two four-bit numbers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/openqasm/openqasm/blob/main/examples/adder.qasm|title=openqasm/adder.qasm at master · openqasm/openqasm · GitHub|website=[[GitHub]]|date=29 January 2022}}</ref> |
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<syntaxhighlight lang=" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="systemverilog"> |
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/* |
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* quantum ripple-carry adder |
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*/ |
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{ |
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gate majority a, b, c { |
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ccx a, b, c; |
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} |
} |
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gate unmaj a,b,c |
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{ |
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ccx a,b,c; |
ccx a, b, c; |
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cx c,a; |
cx c, a; |
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cx a,b; |
cx a, b; |
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} |
} |
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qreg cin[1]; |
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qubit[1] cin; |
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qubit[4] a; |
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qubit[4] b; |
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qubit[1] cout; |
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creg ans[5]; |
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bit[5] ans; |
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// initialize qubits |
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reset cin; |
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reset a; |
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reset b; |
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// set input states |
// set input states |
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for i in [0: 3] { |
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if(bool(a_in[i])) x a[i]; |
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if(bool(b_in[i])) x b[i]; |
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} |
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// add a to b, storing result in b |
// add a to b, storing result in b |
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majority cin[0],b[0],a[0]; |
majority cin[0], b[0], a[0]; |
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majority a[ |
for i in [0: 2] { majority a[i], b[i + 1], a[i + 1]; } |
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cx a[3], cout[0]; |
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for i in [2: -1: 0] { unmaj a[i],b[i+1],a[i+1]; } |
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unmaj cin[0], b[0], a[0]; |
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measure b[0:3] -> ans[0:3]; |
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unmaj a[1],b[2],a[2]; |
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unmaj a[0],b[1],a[1]; |
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unmaj cin[0],b[0],a[0]; |
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measure b[0] -> ans[0]; |
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measure b[1] -> ans[1]; |
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measure b[2] -> ans[2]; |
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measure b[3] -> ans[3]; |
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measure cout[0] -> ans[4]; |
measure cout[0] -> ans[4]; |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
</syntaxhighlight> |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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* {{Official website|https://openqasm.com/}} |
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* [https://github.com/qiskit/openqasm OpenQASM] on ''GitHub'' |
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* {{GitHub|openqasm/openqasm}} |
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{{quantum computing}} |
{{quantum computing}} |
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{{IBM}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}} |
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[[Category:Programming languages]] |
[[Category:Programming languages]] |
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[[Category:Quantum information science]] |
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[[Category:Quantum computing]] |
[[Category:Quantum computing]] |
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[[Category:Quantum programming]] |
[[Category:Quantum programming]] |
Latest revision as of 20:00, 1 June 2024
License | Apache License 2.0 |
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Filename extensions | .qasm |
Website | openqasm |
Open Quantum Assembly Language (OpenQASM; pronounced open kazm[1]) is a programming language designed for describing quantum circuits and algorithms for execution on quantum computers. It is designed to be an intermediate representation that can be used by higher-level compilers to communicate with quantum hardware, and allows for the description of a wide range of quantum operations, as well as classical feed-forward flow control based on measurement outcomes.
The language includes a mechanism for describing explicit timing of instructions, and allows for the attachment of low-level definitions to gates for tasks such as calibration.[1] OpenQASM is not intended for general-purpose classical computation, and hardware implementations of the language may not support the full range of data manipulation described in the specification. Compilers for OpenQASM are expected to support a wide range of classical operations for compile-time constants, but the support for these operations on runtime values may vary between implementations.[2]
The language was first described in a paper published in July 2017,[1] and a reference source code implementation was released as part of IBM's Quantum Information Software Kit (Qiskit) for use with their IBM Quantum Experience cloud quantum computing platform.[3] The language has similar qualities to traditional hardware description languages such as Verilog.
OpenQASM defines its version at the head of a source file as a number, as in the declaration:
OPENQASM 3;
The level of OpenQASM's original published implementations is OpenQASM 2.0. Version 3.0 of the specification is the current one and can be viewed at the OpenQASM repository on GitHub.
Examples
[edit]The following is an example of OpenQASM source code from the official library. The program adds two four-bit numbers.[4]
/*
* quantum ripple-carry adder
* Cuccaro et al, quant-ph/0410184
*/
OPENQASM 3;
include "stdgates.inc";
gate majority a, b, c {
cx c, b;
cx c, a;
ccx a, b, c;
}
gate unmaj a, b, c {
ccx a, b, c;
cx c, a;
cx a, b;
}
qubit[1] cin;
qubit[4] a;
qubit[4] b;
qubit[1] cout;
bit[5] ans;
uint[4] a_in = 1; // a = 0001
uint[4] b_in = 15; // b = 1111
// initialize qubits
reset cin;
reset a;
reset b;
reset cout;
// set input states
for i in [0: 3] {
if(bool(a_in[i])) x a[i];
if(bool(b_in[i])) x b[i];
}
// add a to b, storing result in b
majority cin[0], b[0], a[0];
for i in [0: 2] { majority a[i], b[i + 1], a[i + 1]; }
cx a[3], cout[0];
for i in [2: -1: 0] { unmaj a[i],b[i+1],a[i+1]; }
unmaj cin[0], b[0], a[0];
measure b[0:3] -> ans[0:3];
measure cout[0] -> ans[4];
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Cross, Andrew W.; Bishop, Lev S.; Smolin, John A.; Gambetta, Jay M. (2017). "Open Quantum Assembly Language". arXiv:1707.03429 [quant-ph].
- ^ "OpenQASM Live Specification". Retrieved 26 December 2022.
- ^ qiskit-openqasm: OpenQASM specification, International Business Machines, 4 July 2017, retrieved 6 July 2017
- ^ "openqasm/adder.qasm at master · openqasm/openqasm · GitHub". GitHub. 29 January 2022.
External links
[edit]