Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 2: Difference between revisions
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==Celescope: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory== |
==Celescope: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory== |
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{{anchor|Celescope|Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory|SAO|Uvicon}} |
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The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, also called Celescope, had four 12 inch (30.5 cm) Schwarzschild telescopes that fed into Uvicons.<ref name=sao>[http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentDisplay.do?id=1968-110A-01 High-Resolution Telescopes]</ref> Various filters, [[Photocathode|photocathodes]], and electronics aided in collecting data in several [[Ultraviolet|ultraviolet light]] [[Passband|passbands]].<ref name=sao/> The experiment was completed in April 1970.<ref name=sao/> By the time it finished about 10 percent of the sky was observed.<ref name=sao/> The Uvicon was an ultra-violet light detector based on the Westinghouse [[Vidicon]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/detector-uvicon-celescope-1|title=Detector, Uvicon, Celescope|date=2016-11-24|work=National Air and Space Museum|access-date=2018-01-24|language=en}}</ref> Ultraviolet light was converted into [[electron]]<nowiki/>s which were in-turn converted to a voltage as those electrons hit the detection area of the tube.<ref>[https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/detector-uvicon-celescope-1]</reF> There has been a Uvicon in the collection of the [[Smithsonian Institution|Smithsonian Institute]] since 1973.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/detector-uvicon-celescope-1|title=Detector, Uvicon, Celescope|date=2016-11-24|work=National Air and Space Museum|access-date=2018-01-24|language=en}}</ref> |
The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, also called Celescope, had four 12 inch (30.5 cm) Schwarzschild telescopes that fed into Uvicons.<ref name=sao>[http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentDisplay.do?id=1968-110A-01 High-Resolution Telescopes]</ref> Various filters, [[Photocathode|photocathodes]], and electronics aided in collecting data in several [[Ultraviolet|ultraviolet light]] [[Passband|passbands]].<ref name=sao/> The experiment was completed in April 1970.<ref name=sao/> By the time it finished about 10 percent of the sky was observed.<ref name=sao/> The Uvicon was an ultra-violet light detector based on the Westinghouse [[Vidicon]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/detector-uvicon-celescope-1|title=Detector, Uvicon, Celescope|date=2016-11-24|work=National Air and Space Museum|access-date=2018-01-24|language=en}}</ref> Ultraviolet light was converted into [[electron]]<nowiki/>s which were in-turn converted to a voltage as those electrons hit the detection area of the tube.<ref>[https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/detector-uvicon-celescope-1]</reF> There has been a Uvicon in the collection of the [[Smithsonian Institution|Smithsonian Institute]] since 1973.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/detector-uvicon-celescope-1|title=Detector, Uvicon, Celescope|date=2016-11-24|work=National Air and Space Museum|access-date=2018-01-24|language=en}}</ref> |
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== Wisconsin Experiment Package == |
== Wisconsin Experiment Package == |
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{{anchor|Wisconsin Experiment Package|WEP}} |
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The Wisconsin Experiment Package had eleven different telescopes for ultraviolet observations.<ref name=wep>[http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentDisplay.do?id=1968-110A-02 Wisconsin Experiment Package]</ref> For example, there was a photoelectric photometer fed by a 16-inch (40.64 cm)<!--google convert--> telescope with a six-position filter wheel.<ref name=wep/> WEP observed over 1200 targets in ultraviolet light before the mission ended in early 1973.<ref name=o2/> |
The Wisconsin Experiment Package had eleven different telescopes for ultraviolet observations.<ref name=wep>[http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentDisplay.do?id=1968-110A-02 Wisconsin Experiment Package]</ref> For example, there was a photoelectric photometer fed by a 16-inch (40.64 cm)<!--google convert--> telescope with a six-position filter wheel.<ref name=wep/> WEP observed over 1200 targets in ultraviolet light before the mission ended in early 1973.<ref name=o2/> |
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Revision as of 07:32, 30 October 2018
| Mission type | Astronomy |
|---|---|
| Operator | NASA |
| COSPAR ID | 1968-110A |
| SATCAT no. | 3597 |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Manufacturer | Grumman |
| Dry mass | 2,012 kilograms (4,436 lb) |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 7 December 1968, 08:40:09 UTC |
| Rocket | Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D |
| Launch site | Cape Canaveral LC-36B |
| End of mission | |
| Last contact | January 1973 |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric |
| Regime | Low Earth |
| Perigee altitude | 768 kilometres (477 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 777 kilometres (483 mi) |
| Inclination | 35.0 degrees |
| Period | 100.30 minutes |
| Epoch | 6 January 1969[1] |
The Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 2 (OAO-2, nicknamed Stargazer) was a space observatory launched on December 7, 1968.[2] An Atlas-Centaur rocket launched it into a nearly circular 750-kilometre (470 mi) altitude Earth orbit.[3] Data was collected in ultraviolet on many sources including comets, planets, and galaxies.[2][4] It had two major instrument sets facing in opposite directions; the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) and the Wisconsin Experiment Package (WEP).[4] One discovery was large halos of hydrogen gas around comets,[4] and it also observed Nova Serpentis, which was a nova discovered in 1970.[2]
Celescope: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, also called Celescope, had four 12 inch (30.5 cm) Schwarzschild telescopes that fed into Uvicons.[5] Various filters, photocathodes, and electronics aided in collecting data in several ultraviolet light passbands.[5] The experiment was completed in April 1970.[5] By the time it finished about 10 percent of the sky was observed.[5] The Uvicon was an ultra-violet light detector based on the Westinghouse Vidicon.[6] Ultraviolet light was converted into electrons which were in-turn converted to a voltage as those electrons hit the detection area of the tube.[7] There has been a Uvicon in the collection of the Smithsonian Institute since 1973.[8]
Wisconsin Experiment Package
The Wisconsin Experiment Package had eleven different telescopes for ultraviolet observations.[9] For example, there was a photoelectric photometer fed by a 16-inch (40.64 cm) telescope with a six-position filter wheel.[9] WEP observed over 1200 targets in ultraviolet light before the mission ended in early 1973.[4]
Spacecraft bus
The observatory was overall about 10 ft by 7 in the shape of an octahedron and it weighed 4400 pounds.[10]
See also
References
- ^ McDowell, Jonathan. "Satellite Catalog". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
- ^ a b c Joseph A. Angelo – Spacecraft for Astronomy (2009) – Page 20 (Google Books)
- ^ Gunter – OAO-2
- ^ a b c d Orbiting Astronomical Observatory OAO-2
- ^ a b c d High-Resolution Telescopes
- ^ "Detector, Uvicon, Celescope". National Air and Space Museum. 2016-11-24. Retrieved 2018-01-24.
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Detector, Uvicon, Celescope". National Air and Space Museum. 2016-11-24. Retrieved 2018-01-24.
- ^ a b Wisconsin Experiment Package
- ^ "OAO-2". Space Based Telescopes. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
External links
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