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{{Short description|Species of grass}}
{{taxobox
{{speciesbox
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|image = Oryza rufipogon - National Taiwan University - DSC01108.JPG
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|status = LC
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|unranked_ordo = [[Commelinids]]
|status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Watve, A. |author2=Phillips, J. |author3=Yang, L. |date=2017 |title=''Oryza rufipogon'' |volume=2017 |page=e.T176902A61524992 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T176902A61524992.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
|ordo = [[Poales]]
⚫
|genus = Oryza
|familia = [[Poaceae]]
⚫
|species = rufipogon
⚫
|genus = ''[[Oryza]]''
|authority = [[William Griffith (botanist)|Griff.]]
⚫
|species = '''''O. rufipogon'''''
|binomial = ''Oryza rufipogon''
|synonyms = {{species list |Oryza sativa var. rufipogon|(Griff.) Watt
|Oryza sativa subsp. rufipogon|(Griff.) De Wet
⚫
|}}
|Oryza cubensis|Ekman ex K.Gotoh & Okura
⚫
'''''Oryza rufipogon''''', known as '''brownbeard rice''' and '''red rice''' is a member of the genus ''[[Oryza]]''. It has a close evolutionary relation to ''[[Oryza sativa]]'', the [[rice]] grown as a major food crop throughout the world. ''O. rufipogon'' is listed as a "noxious weed" by the United States<ref>Plant Protection and Quarantine. 2006. Federal noxious weed list (24 May 2006). USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Washington, DC. 2pp. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ORRU</ref>, and is listed as a noxious weed in Alabama, California, Florida, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, Oregon, South Carolina, and Vermont. According to the North American Plant Protection Association, ''O. rufipogon'' blends in with cultivated ''O. sativa'' so well that it cannot be detected. In this position it competes with the cultivated rice and uses valuable fertilizer and space. ''O. rufipogon'' sheds most of its seeds before the harvest, therefore contributing little to the overall yield. In addition, the rice grains produced by the plant are not eaten by consumers, who see it as a strange foreign particle in otherwise white rice.<ref>NAPPO - PRA / Grains Panel Pest Fact Sheet - Oryza rufipogon Griff. June / 2003, http://www.nappo.org/PRA-sheets/Oryzarufipogon.pdf</ref>
|Oryza fatua|J.Koenig ex Ridl.
⚫
==Precious germ plasm==
|Oryza fatua|(Prain) Zhuk.
|Oryza fatua f. aquatica|(Roshev.) Roshev.
|Oryza fatua var. longe-aristata|Ridl.
|Oryza glumipatula|Steud.
|Oryza jeyporensis|Govindasw. & K.H.Krishnam.
|Oryza meridionalis|N.Q.Ng
|Oryza nivara|S.D.Sharma & Shastry
|Oryza paraguayensis|Franch.
|Oryza perennis var. glumipatula|(Steud.) C.Chev.
|Oryza perennis var. paragayensis|A.Chev.
|Oryza sativa var. abuensis|Watt
|Oryza sativa var. aquatica|Roshev.
|Oryza sativa var. bengalensis|Watt
|Oryza sativa var. coarctata|Watt
|Oryza sativa subsp. fatua|(Prain) De Wet
|Oryza sativa var. fatua|Prain
|Oryza sativa var. paraguayensis|Körn.
|Oryza sativa var. paraguayensis|Parodi
|Oryza sativa var. paraguayensis|Franch.
|Oryza sativa var. sundensis|Körn.}}
|synonyms_ref =<ref name=POWO/>
|range_map = Oryza rufipogon distribution.svg
|range_map_caption = The range of ''Oryza rufipogon''.
⚫
}}


'''''Oryza rufipogon''''' is a species of [[flowering plant]] in the family ''[[Poaceae]]''.<ref name=POWO>{{cite web |url= https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:410115-1 |title= Oryza rufipogon Griff. |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=n.d. |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=May 13, 2024}}</ref><ref name=COL>{{cite web |url=https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6SZF2 |title=Oryza rufipogon Griff. |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=n.d. |website=Catalogue of Life |publisher=Species 2000 |access-date=May 13, 2024 |archive-date=July 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722001310/https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6SZF2 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is known as '''brownbeard rice''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=ORRU|taxon=Oryza rufipogon|accessdate=25 July 2015}}</ref> '''wild rice''',<ref name=GRIN>{{GRIN | accessdate = 12 January 2018}}</ref> and '''red rice'''.<ref name=GRIN/>
A paper on conservation genetics of wild rice in the journal '''Molecular Ecology''' has this to say about ''O.rufipogon'': "This is the most agriculturally important but seriously endangered wild rice species."


It is native to [[East Asia|East-]], [[Southeast Asia|Southeast-]] and [[South Asia|South-]] Asia. It has a close [[evolution]]ary relation to ''[[Oryza sativa]]'', the plant grown as a major [[rice]] [[food crop]] throughout the world. Both have an AA genome.<ref name="phylo">{{cite journal |doi-access=free |last1=Stein |first1=Joshua C. |last2=Yu |first2=Yeisoo |last3=Copetti |first3=Dario |last4=Zwickl |first4=Derrick J. |last5=Zhang |first5=Li |last6=Zhang |first6=Chengjun |last7=Chougule |first7=Kapeel |last8=Gao |first8=Dongying |last9=Iwata |first9=Aiko |last10=Goicoechea |first10=Jose Luis |last11=Wei |first11=Sharon |last12=Wang |first12=Jun |last13=Liao |first13=Yi |last14=Wang |first14=Muhua |last15=Jacquemin |first15=Julie |last16=Becker |first16=Claude |last17=Kudrna |first17=Dave |last18=Zhang |first18=Jianwei |last19=Londono |first19=Carlos E. M. |last20=Song |first20=Xiang |last21=Lee |first21=Seunghee |last22=Sanchez |first22=Paul |last23=Zuccolo |first23=Andrea |last24=Ammiraju |first24=Jetty S. S. |last25=Talag |first25=Jayson |last26=Danowitz |first26=Ann |last27=Rivera |first27=Luis F. |last28=Gschwend |first28=Andrea R. |last29=Noutsos |first29=Christos |last30=Wu |first30=Cheng-chieh |last31=Kao |first31=Shu-min |last32=Zeng |first32=Jhih-wun |last33=Wei |first33=Fu-jin |last34=Zhao |first34=Qiang |last35=Feng |first35=Qi |last36=El Baidouri |first36=Moaine |last37=Carpentier |first37=Marie-Christine |last38=Lasserre |first38=Eric |last39=Cooke |first39=Richard |last40=Rosa Farias |first40=Daniel da |last41=da Maia |first41=Luciano Carlos |last42=dos Santos |first42=Railson S. |last43=Nyberg |first43=Kevin G. |last44=McNally |first44=Kenneth L. |last45=Mauleon |first45=Ramil |last46=Alexandrov |first46=Nickolai |last47=Schmutz |first47=Jeremy |last48=Flowers |first48=Dave |last49=Fan |first49=Chuanzhu |last50=Weigel |first50=Detlef |last51=Jena |first51=Kshirod K. |last52=Wicker |first52=Thomas |last53=Chen |first53=Mingsheng |last54=Han |first54=Bin |last55=Henry |first55=Robert |last56=Hsing |first56=Yue-ie C. |last57=Kurata |first57=Nori |last58=de Oliveira |first58=Antonio Costa |last59=Panaud |first59=Olivier |last60=Jackson |first60=Scott A. |last61=Machado |first61=Carlos A. |last62=Sanderson |first62=Michael J. |last63=Long |first63=Manyuan |last64=Ware |first64=Doreen |last65=Wing |first65=Rod A. |title=Genomes of 13 domesticated and wild rice relatives highlight genetic conservation, turnover and innovation across the genus ''Oryza'' |journal=[[Nature Genetics]]|date=22 January 2018 |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=285–296 |doi=10.1038/s41588-018-0040-0|pmid=29358651 }}</ref>
⚫
In [[India]], the [[Pallikaranai]] marshland contains the wild rice Oryza rufipogon, described by Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON) as a "precious germ plasm." <ref>The Hindu/Vanishing Wetlands- 09 March 2005, http://www.hindu.com/2005/03/09/stories/2005030903421000.htm</ref>


== References ==
==Invasive species==
⚫
''Oryza rufipogon'' is an [[invasive species]] and listed as a '[[noxious weed]]' by the United States,<ref>[[Plant Protection and Quarantine]]. 2006. Federal noxious weed list (24 May 2006). USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Washington, DC. 2pp. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ORRU {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425054924/http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ORRU |date=2013-04-25 }}</ref> and also listed as a noxious weed in [[Alabama]], [[California]], [[Florida]], [[Massachusetts]], [[Minnesota]], [[North Carolina]], [[Oregon]], [[South Carolina]], and [[Vermont]]. According to the NAPPO ([[North American Plant Protection Organization]]), ''O. rufipogon'' blends in with cultivated ''O. sativa'' so well that it cannot be detected. In this position it [[competition (biology)|competes]] with the cultivated rice and uses valuable [[fertilizer]] and space. ''O. rufipogon'' sheds most of its [[seeds]] before the harvest, therefore contributing little to the overall yield. In addition, the rice grains produced by the plant are not eaten by consumers, who see it as a strange foreign particle in otherwise white rice.<ref>NAPPO ([[North American Plant Protection Organization
⚫
{{Reflist}}
]]) - PRA / Grains Panel Pest Fact Sheet - ''Oryza rufipogon'' Griff. June / 2003, http://www.nappo.org/PRA-sheets/Oryzarufipogon.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070730103504/http://www.nappo.org/PRA-sheets/Oryzarufipogon.pdf |date=2007-07-30 }}</ref>


==Genetics==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Oryza Rufipogon}}
===Selection===
⚫
[[Category:Oryza]]
As with a great many plants and animals, ''O. rufipogon'' has a positive correlation between [[effective population size]] and magnitude of [[selection pressure]]. ''O. r.'' having an EPS of ~140,000, it clusters with others of about the same EPS, and has 78% of its [[amino acid]] sites under selection.<ref name="Hough-et-al-2013">{{cite journal | last=Hough | first=Josh | last2=Williamson | first2=Robert J. | last3=Wright | first3=Stephen I. | title=Patterns of Selection in Plant Genomes | journal=[[Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics]] | publisher=[[Annual Reviews (publisher)|Annual Reviews]] | volume=44 | issue=1 | date=2013-11-23 | issn=1543-592X | doi=10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135851 | pages=31–49}}</ref>


⚫
===Precious germplasm===
⚫
In [[India]], the [[Pallikaranai]] marshland contains the wild rice ''O. rufipogon'', described by the [[Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History]] (SACON) as a "precious germplasm."<ref>[[The Hindu]]/Vanishing Wetlands- 09 March 2005, http://www.hindu.com/2005/03/09/stories/2005030903421000.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530172211/http://www.hindu.com/2005/03/09/stories/2005030903421000.htm |date=2013-05-30 }}</ref>

===Domestication===
Dai ''et al.'', 2012 discover ''{{Vanchor|LHD1}}'', an allele of ''{{Vanchor|DTH8}}''/''{{Vanchor|Ghd8}}''.<ref name="Realized"/> Dai also finds ''LHD1'' produces the [[late heading]] ''O. rufipogon'' [[phenotype]].<ref name="Realized"/> This is one of the [[phenotypic trait|traits]] bred out during [[domestication of rice|''O. sativa'' domestication]].<ref name="Realized">{{cite journal|issue=1|year=2021|first4=Feng|first3=Jianbing|first2=Hai-Jun|first1=Yameng|last4=Tian|last3=Yan|last2=Liu|last1=Liang|volume=72|publisher=[[Annual Reviews (publisher)|Annual Reviews]]|journal=[[Annual Review of Plant Biology]]|issn=1543-5008|s2cid=231688091|pmid=33481630|doi=10.1146/annurev-arplant-080720-090632|pages=357–385|title=Natural Variation in Crops: Realized Understanding, Continuing Promise|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==See also==
*{{C|Rice|Rice topics}}
*[[Wild rice]]

==References==
⚫
{{Reflist}}
{{Commonscat|position=left}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q2217322}}
{{Poaceae-stub}}
{{Poaceae-stub}}


⚫
[[Category:Oryza|rufipogon]]
[[zh-min-nan:Kui-á-tiū]]
[[Category:Flora of China]]
[[ja:オリザ・ルフィポゴン]]
[[Category:Flora of tropical Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of Australia]]
[[Category:Taxa named by William Griffith (botanist)]]

Latest revision as of 03:43, 15 June 2024

Oryza rufipogon
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Genus: Oryza
Species:
O. rufipogon
Binomial name
Oryza rufipogon
The range of Oryza rufipogon.
Synonyms[2]
  • Oryza sativa var. rufipogon (Griff.) Watt
  • Oryza sativa subsp. rufipogon (Griff.) De Wet
  • Oryza cubensis Ekman ex K.Gotoh & Okura
  • Oryza fatua J.Koenig ex Ridl.
  • Oryza fatua (Prain) Zhuk.
  • Oryza fatua f. aquatica (Roshev.) Roshev.
  • Oryza fatua var. longe-aristata Ridl.
  • Oryza glumipatula Steud.
  • Oryza jeyporensis Govindasw. & K.H.Krishnam.
  • Oryza meridionalis N.Q.Ng
  • Oryza nivara S.D.Sharma & Shastry
  • Oryza paraguayensis Franch.
  • Oryza perennis var. glumipatula (Steud.) C.Chev.
  • Oryza perennis var. paragayensis A.Chev.
  • Oryza sativa var. abuensis Watt
  • Oryza sativa var. aquatica Roshev.
  • Oryza sativa var. bengalensis Watt
  • Oryza sativa var. coarctata Watt
  • Oryza sativa subsp. fatua (Prain) De Wet
  • Oryza sativa var. fatua Prain
  • Oryza sativa var. paraguayensis Körn.
  • Oryza sativa var. paraguayensis Parodi
  • Oryza sativa var. paraguayensis Franch.
  • Oryza sativa var. sundensis Körn.

Oryza rufipogon is a species of flowering plant in the family Poaceae.[2][3] It is known as brownbeard rice,[4] wild rice,[5] and red rice.[5]

It is native to East-, Southeast- and South- Asia. It has a close evolutionary relation to Oryza sativa, the plant grown as a major rice food crop throughout the world. Both have an AA genome.[6]

Invasive species[edit]

Oryza rufipogon is an invasive species and listed as a 'noxious weed' by the United States,[7] and also listed as a noxious weed in Alabama, California, Florida, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, Oregon, South Carolina, and Vermont. According to the NAPPO (North American Plant Protection Organization), O. rufipogon blends in with cultivated O. sativa so well that it cannot be detected. In this position it competes with the cultivated rice and uses valuable fertilizer and space. O. rufipogon sheds most of its seeds before the harvest, therefore contributing little to the overall yield. In addition, the rice grains produced by the plant are not eaten by consumers, who see it as a strange foreign particle in otherwise white rice.[8]

Genetics[edit]

Selection[edit]

As with a great many plants and animals, O. rufipogon has a positive correlation between effective population size and magnitude of selection pressure. O. r. having an EPS of ~140,000, it clusters with others of about the same EPS, and has 78% of its amino acid sites under selection.[9]

Precious germplasm[edit]

In India, the Pallikaranai marshland contains the wild rice O. rufipogon, described by the Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON) as a "precious germplasm."[10]

Domestication[edit]

Dai et al., 2012 discover LHD1, an allele of DTH8/Ghd8.[11] Dai also finds LHD1 produces the late heading O. rufipogon phenotype.[11] This is one of the traits bred out during O. sativa domestication.[11]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Watve, A.; Phillips, J.; Yang, L. (2017). "Oryza rufipogon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T176902A61524992. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T176902A61524992.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Oryza rufipogon Griff". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved May 13, 2024.
  3. ^ "Oryza rufipogon Griff". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000. n.d. Archived from the original on July 22, 2023. Retrieved May 13, 2024.
  4. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oryza rufipogon". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
  5. ^ a b "Oryza rufipogon". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  6. ^ Stein, Joshua C.; Yu, Yeisoo; Copetti, Dario; Zwickl, Derrick J.; Zhang, Li; Zhang, Chengjun; Chougule, Kapeel; Gao, Dongying; Iwata, Aiko; Goicoechea, Jose Luis; Wei, Sharon; Wang, Jun; Liao, Yi; Wang, Muhua; Jacquemin, Julie; Becker, Claude; Kudrna, Dave; Zhang, Jianwei; Londono, Carlos E. M.; Song, Xiang; Lee, Seunghee; Sanchez, Paul; Zuccolo, Andrea; Ammiraju, Jetty S. S.; Talag, Jayson; Danowitz, Ann; Rivera, Luis F.; Gschwend, Andrea R.; Noutsos, Christos; Wu, Cheng-chieh; Kao, Shu-min; Zeng, Jhih-wun; Wei, Fu-jin; Zhao, Qiang; Feng, Qi; El Baidouri, Moaine; Carpentier, Marie-Christine; Lasserre, Eric; Cooke, Richard; Rosa Farias, Daniel da; da Maia, Luciano Carlos; dos Santos, Railson S.; Nyberg, Kevin G.; McNally, Kenneth L.; Mauleon, Ramil; Alexandrov, Nickolai; Schmutz, Jeremy; Flowers, Dave; Fan, Chuanzhu; Weigel, Detlef; Jena, Kshirod K.; Wicker, Thomas; Chen, Mingsheng; Han, Bin; Henry, Robert; Hsing, Yue-ie C.; Kurata, Nori; de Oliveira, Antonio Costa; Panaud, Olivier; Jackson, Scott A.; Machado, Carlos A.; Sanderson, Michael J.; Long, Manyuan; Ware, Doreen; Wing, Rod A. (22 January 2018). "Genomes of 13 domesticated and wild rice relatives highlight genetic conservation, turnover and innovation across the genus Oryza". Nature Genetics. 50 (2): 285–296. doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0040-0. PMID 29358651.
  7. ^ Plant Protection and Quarantine. 2006. Federal noxious weed list (24 May 2006). USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Washington, DC. 2pp. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ORRU Archived 2013-04-25 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ NAPPO ([[North American Plant Protection Organization ]]) - PRA / Grains Panel Pest Fact Sheet - Oryza rufipogon Griff. June / 2003, http://www.nappo.org/PRA-sheets/Oryzarufipogon.pdf Archived 2007-07-30 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ Hough, Josh; Williamson, Robert J.; Wright, Stephen I. (2013-11-23). "Patterns of Selection in Plant Genomes". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 44 (1). Annual Reviews: 31–49. doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135851. ISSN 1543-592X.
  10. ^ The Hindu/Vanishing Wetlands- 09 March 2005, http://www.hindu.com/2005/03/09/stories/2005030903421000.htm Archived 2013-05-30 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ a b c Liang, Yameng; Liu, Hai-Jun; Yan, Jianbing; Tian, Feng (2021). "Natural Variation in Crops: Realized Understanding, Continuing Promise". Annual Review of Plant Biology. 72 (1). Annual Reviews: 357–385. doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-080720-090632. ISSN 1543-5008. PMID 33481630. S2CID 231688091.
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