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{{Short description|Japanese organic chemist (1844-1929)}}
{{Infobox Person
{{Infobox person
|name = Nagai Nagayoshi
|name = Nagai Nagayoshi
|image = Nagai Nagayoshi.jpg
|image = Nagai Nagayoshi.jpg
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|caption = Nagai Nagayoshi<br /><small>Photo courtesy of the Matsuyama University Library Archives.</small>
|caption = Nagai Nagayoshi<br /><small>Photo courtesy of the Matsuyama University Library Archives.</small>
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1844|08|08}}
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1844|08|08}}
|birth_place = [[Myodo District, Tokushima|Myodo]], [[Awa Province (Tokushima)|Awa Province]], [[Tokugawa Shogunate|Japan]]
|birth_place = [[Myōdō District, Tokushima|Myōdō]], [[Awa Province (Tokushima)|Awa Province]], [[Tokugawa Shogunate|Tokugawa Japan]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1929|02|10|1844|08|08}}
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1929|02|10|1844|08|08}}
|death_place = [[Tokyo]], [[Empire of Japan]]
|death_place = [[Tokyo]], [[Empire of Japan]]
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|children = Alexander Nagai
|children = Alexander Nagai
}}
}}
{{Japanese name|Nagai}}
{{family name hatnote|Nagai|lang=Japanese}}
{{nihongo|'''Nagai Nagayoshi'''|長井 長義||extra=August 8, 1844 - February 10, 1929}} was a notable Japanese [[organic chemist]] and [[pharmacologist]], best known for his study of [[ephedrine]].
{{nihongo|'''Nagai Nagayoshi'''|長井 長義||extra=August 8, 1844 – February 10, 1929}} was a Japanese [[pharmacist]], best known for his study of [[ephedrine]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
Nagai was born in the [[Myodo District, Tokushima|Myodo District]], [[Awa Province (Tokushima)|Awa Province]] in what is now the [[Tokushima prefecture]], as the son of a doctor and started studying ''[[rangaku]]'' [[medicine]] at the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] Medical School of [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]] ''([[Igaku-Denshusho]])'' in 1864. While in Nagasaki, he made the acquaintance of [[Ōkubo Toshimichi]], [[Itō Hirobumi]], and other future leaders of the [[Meiji government]].
Nagai was born in [[Myōdō District, Tokushima|Myōdō District]], [[Awa Province (Tokushima)|Awa Province]] in what is now [[Tokushima Prefecture]], as the son of a doctor and started studying ''[[rangaku]]'' [[medicine]] at the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] Medical School of [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]] ''([[Igaku-Denshujo]])'' in 1864. While in Nagasaki, he made the acquaintance of [[Ōkubo Toshimichi]], [[Itō Hirobumi]], and other future leaders of the [[Meiji government]].


==Career==
==Career==
Nagai continued his studies at [[Tokyo Imperial University]] and became the first doctor of pharmacy in Japan. He was sent under government sponsorship to [[Prussia]] in 1871 to study at the [[University of Berlin]]. He was the only civilian in a group of military students sent to study in [[Great Britain]] and [[France]], and he traveled by way of the [[United States]] and Great Britain. While in [[Berlin]], he resided at the home of Japanese diplomat [[Aoki Shūzō]]. He was influenced by the [[lecture]]s of [[August Wilhelm von Hofmann|von Hofmann]], and received a doctorate with a study on [[eugenol]] while working as an assistant at von Hofmann's laboratory. He decided to take up [[organic chemistry]] in 1873.
Nagai continued his studies at [[Tokyo Imperial University]] and became the first doctor of pharmacy in Japan. He was sent under government sponsorship to [[Prussia]] in 1871 to study at the [[University of Berlin]]. He was the only civilian in a group of military students sent to study in [[Great Britain]] and [[France]], and he traveled by way of the [[United States]] and Great Britain. While in [[Berlin]], he resided at the home of Japanese diplomat [[Aoki Shūzō]]. He was influenced by the [[lecture]]s of [[August Wilhelm von Hofmann|von Hofmann]], and received a doctorate with a study on [[eugenol]] while working as an assistant at von Hofmann's laboratory. He decided to take up [[organic chemistry]] in 1873.{{Citation needed|date=March 2015}}


Nagai returned to Japan in 1883 to take up a position at the Tokyo Imperial University, and became [[Professor]] of [[Chemistry]] and [[Pharmacy]] there in 1893. His research centered on the chemical analysis of various Japanese and Chinese traditional [[herbal medicine]]s.
Nagai returned to Japan in 1883 to take up a position at the Tokyo Imperial University, and became [[Professor]] of [[Chemistry]] and [[Pharmacy]] there in 1893. His research centered on the chemical analysis of various Japanese and Chinese traditional [[herbal medicine]]s.


While in Germany, Nagai married Therese Schumacher, the daughter of a wealthy lumber and mining magnate. On their return to Japan, she became a professor of [[German language]] at [[Japan Women's University]], and was active in introducing [[German cuisine|German foods]] and culture to Japan. In 1923, Nagai and his wife hosted [[Albert Einstein]] and his wife during their visit to Japan.
While in Germany, Nagai married Therese Schumacher, the daughter of a wealthy lumber and mining magnate. On their return to Japan, she became a professor of [[German language]] at [[Japan Women's University]], and was active in introducing [[German cuisine|German foods]] and culture to Japan. In 1923, Nagai and his wife hosted [[Albert Einstein]] and his wife during their visit to Japan.<ref>[http://www.toku-seiyakukyo.jp/history/nagai.html 日本の近代薬学の開祖　長井長義とは] 徳島県製薬協会</ref>


His son, [[Alexander Nagai]], served as a diplomat at the Embassy of Japan in Berlin until the end of [[World War II]].
His son, [[Alexander Nagai]], served as a diplomat at the Embassy of Japan in Berlin until the end of [[World War II]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2015}}


As first president of the [[Pharmaceutical Society of Japan]] (PSJ, founded in 1880); Nagai had an important impact on the propagation of [[chemistry]] and [[pharmaceutical chemistry|pharmaceutical sciences]] in an [[Economic history of Japan|industrializing Japan]].
As first president of the [[Pharmaceutical Society of Japan]] (PSJ, founded in 1880); Nagai had an important impact on the propagation of [[chemistry]] and [[pharmaceutical chemistry|pharmaceutical sciences]] in an [[Economic history of Japan|industrializing Japan]].


== Death ==
== Death ==
Nagai died in 1929 in [[Tokyo]].
Nagai died in 1929 in [[Tokyo]] of acute pneumonia.

[[File:Nagai nagayoshi statue PSJ.JPG|thumb|200px|Statue of Nagai Nagayoshi at the PSJ HQ]]


==Scientific contributions==
==Scientific contributions==
* Isolation of [[ephedrine]] from ''[[Ephedra vulgaris]]'' in 1885. Nagai recognized it to be the active component of the plant.
* Isolation of [[ephedrine]] from ''[[Ephedra vulgaris]]'' in 1885. Nagai recognized it to be the active component of the plant.{{Citation needed|date=August 2014}}
* Synthesis of [[methamphetamine]] from ephedrine in 1893. Methamphetamine was later synthesized in crystalline form in 1919 by [[Akira Ogata]].
* Synthesis of [[methamphetamine]] from ephedrine in 1893. Methamphetamine was later synthesized in crystalline form in 1919 by [[Akira Ogata]].
* Isolation of [[rotenone]] from ''[[Derris elliptica]]'' in 1902.
* Isolation of [[rotenone]] from ''[[Derris elliptica]]'' in 1902. Nagayoshi named the substance after the Japanese name for the plant, ''roten''.
* Synthesis and structural elucidation of [[ephedrine]] in 1929.
* Synthesis and structural elucidation of [[ephedrine]] in 1929.


==References==
==References==
*Lock, Margaret. ''East Asian Medicine in Urban Japan: Varieties of Medical Experience''. University of California Press; Reprint edition (1984). ISBN 0-520-05231-5
*Lock, Margaret. ''East Asian Medicine in Urban Japan: Varieties of Medical Experience''. University of California Press; Reprint edition (1984). {{ISBN|0-520-05231-5}}
*Schultes, Richard Evans, ed. ''Ethnobotany: The Evolution of a Discipline''. Timber Press, Incorporated (2005). ISBN 0-931146-28-3
*Schultes, Richard Evans, ed. ''Ethnobotany: The Evolution of a Discipline''. Timber Press, Incorporated (2005). {{ISBN|0-931146-28-3}}
*W Pötsch. Lexikon bedeutender Chemiker (VEB Bibliographisches Institut Leipzig, 1989) ISBN 3-8171-1055-3
*W Pötsch. Lexikon bedeutender Chemiker (VEB Bibliographisches Institut Leipzig, 1989) {{ISBN|3-8171-1055-3}}

;Specific
<references />


==External links==
==External links==
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*[http://www.tpa-kitatama.jp/museum/museum_03.html Museum of the Tokyo Pharmaceutical Association] (Japanese)
*[http://www.tpa-kitatama.jp/museum/museum_03.html Museum of the Tokyo Pharmaceutical Association] (Japanese)


{{Authority control}}
{{Persondata

| NAME = Nagai Nagayoshi
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = August 8, 1844
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Myodo District, Tokushima|Myodo District]], [[Japan]]
| DATE OF DEATH = February 10, 1929
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Tokyo]], Japan
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nagai, Nagayoshi}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nagai, Nagayoshi}}
[[Category:1844 births]]
[[Category:1844 births]]
[[Category:1929 deaths]]
[[Category:1929 deaths]]
[[Category:Organic chemists]]
[[Category:People from Tokushima Prefecture]]
[[Category:People from Tokushima Prefecture]]
[[Category:University of Tokyo alumni]]
[[Category:University of Tokyo alumni]]
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[[Category:Japanese scientists]]
[[Category:Japanese scientists]]
[[Category:People of Meiji-period Japan]]
[[Category:People of Meiji-period Japan]]
[[Category:Japanese inventors]]

[[Category:20th-century Japanese chemists]]
[[de:Nagai Nagayoshi]]
[[Category:19th-century Japanese chemists]]
[[ja:長井長義]]

Latest revision as of 21:51, 2 January 2023

Nagai Nagayoshi
Nagai Nagayoshi
Photo courtesy of the Matsuyama University Library Archives.
Born(1844-08-08)August 8, 1844
Myōdō, Awa Province, Tokugawa Japan
DiedFebruary 10, 1929(1929-02-10) (aged 84)
Tokyo, Empire of Japan
NationalityJapanese
Occupation(s)Organic chemist, pharmacologist
Known fordiscovery of ephedrine
SpouseTherese Schumacher
ChildrenAlexander Nagai
In this Japanese name, the surname is Nagai.

Nagai Nagayoshi (長井 長義, August 8, 1844 – February 10, 1929) was a Japanese pharmacist, best known for his study of ephedrine.

Early life

[edit]

Nagai was born in Myōdō District, Awa Province in what is now Tokushima Prefecture, as the son of a doctor and started studying rangaku medicine at the Dutch Medical School of Nagasaki (Igaku-Denshujo) in 1864. While in Nagasaki, he made the acquaintance of Ōkubo Toshimichi, Itō Hirobumi, and other future leaders of the Meiji government.

Career

[edit]

Nagai continued his studies at Tokyo Imperial University and became the first doctor of pharmacy in Japan. He was sent under government sponsorship to Prussia in 1871 to study at the University of Berlin. He was the only civilian in a group of military students sent to study in Great Britain and France, and he traveled by way of the United States and Great Britain. While in Berlin, he resided at the home of Japanese diplomat Aoki Shūzō. He was influenced by the lectures of von Hofmann, and received a doctorate with a study on eugenol while working as an assistant at von Hofmann's laboratory. He decided to take up organic chemistry in 1873.[citation needed]

Nagai returned to Japan in 1883 to take up a position at the Tokyo Imperial University, and became Professor of Chemistry and Pharmacy there in 1893. His research centered on the chemical analysis of various Japanese and Chinese traditional herbal medicines.

While in Germany, Nagai married Therese Schumacher, the daughter of a wealthy lumber and mining magnate. On their return to Japan, she became a professor of German language at Japan Women's University, and was active in introducing German foods and culture to Japan. In 1923, Nagai and his wife hosted Albert Einstein and his wife during their visit to Japan.[1]

His son, Alexander Nagai, served as a diplomat at the Embassy of Japan in Berlin until the end of World War II.[citation needed]

As first president of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (PSJ, founded in 1880); Nagai had an important impact on the propagation of chemistry and pharmaceutical sciences in an industrializing Japan.

Death

[edit]

Nagai died in 1929 in Tokyo of acute pneumonia.

Scientific contributions

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Lock, Margaret. East Asian Medicine in Urban Japan: Varieties of Medical Experience. University of California Press; Reprint edition (1984). ISBN 0-520-05231-5
  • Schultes, Richard Evans, ed. Ethnobotany: The Evolution of a Discipline. Timber Press, Incorporated (2005). ISBN 0-931146-28-3
  • W Pötsch. Lexikon bedeutender Chemiker (VEB Bibliographisches Institut Leipzig, 1989) ISBN 3-8171-1055-3
Specific
  1. ^ 日本の近代薬学の開祖　長井長義とは 徳島県製薬協会
[edit]
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