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{{Mcn|date=January 2024}}{{Short description|Lakota tribe}}
[[File:Touch the Clouds 1877a.jpg|thumb|[[Touch the Clouds]], by James H. Hamilton, taken at the Spotted Tail Agency, Nebraska, in the fall of 1877, Miniconjou chief]]
The '''Miniconjou''' ([[Lakota language|Lakota]]: '''Mnikȟówožu''', '''Hokwoju''' - ‘Plants by the Water’) are a [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] people constituting a subdivision of the [[Lakota people]], who formerly inhabited an area in western present-day South Dakota from the [[Black Hills]] in to the [[Platte River]]. The contemporary population lives mostly in west-central South Dakota. Perhaps the most famous Miniconjou chief was [[Touch the Clouds]].
[[File:Touch the Clouds 1877a.JPG|thumb|[[Touch the Clouds]], by James H. Hamilton, taken at the Spotted Tail Agency, Nebraska, in the fall of 1877, Miniconjou chief]]
The '''Miniconjou''' ([[Lakota language|Lakota]]: '''Mnikowoju''', '''Hokwoju''' – ‘Plants by the Water’) are a [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] people constituting a subdivision of the [[Lakota people]], who formerly inhabited an area in western present-day South Dakota from the [[Black Hills]] in to the [[Platte River]]. The contemporary population lives mostly in west-central South Dakota. Perhaps the most famous Miniconjou chief was [[Touch the Clouds]].


== Historic Miniconjou thiyóšpaye or bands ==
== Historic Miniconjou thiyóšpaye or bands ==
Together with the [[Sans Arc]] (''Itázipčho'', ''Itazipcola'', ''Hazipco'' - ‘Those who hunt without bows’) and [[Two Kettles]] (''Oóhe Núŋpa'', ''Oóhenuŋpa'', ''Oohenonpa'' - ‘Two Boiling’ or ‘Two Kettles’) they were often referred to as ''Central Lakota''{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}<!--<ref>[http://lbha.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=Indians&action=print&thread=1491 Minneconjou and San Arc bands]</ref>--> and divided into several ''bands'' or ''thiyóšpaye'':
Together with the [[Sans Arc]] (''Itázipčho'', ''Itazipcola'', ''Hazipco'' – ‘Those who hunt without bows’) and [[Two Kettles]] (''Oóhe Núŋpa'', ''Oóhenuŋpa'', ''Oohenonpa'' – ‘Two Boiling’ or ‘Two Kettles’) they were often referred to as ''Central Lakota''{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}<!--<ref>[http://lbha.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=Indians&action=print&thread=1491 Minneconjou and San Arc bands]</ref>--> and divided into several ''bands'' or ''thiyóšpaye'':


* Unkche yuta (‘Dung Eaters’)
* Unkche yuta (‘Dung Eaters’)
* Glaglaheca (‘Untidy’, ‘Slovenly’, ‘Shiftless’)
* Glaglaheca (‘Untidy’, ‘Slovenly’, ‘Shiftless’)
* Shunka yute shni (‘Eat No Dogs’, split off from the ''Wanhin Wega'')
* Shunka Yute Shni (‘Eat No Dogs’, split off from the ''Wanhin Wega'')
* Nige Tanka (‘Big Belly’)
* Nige Tanka (‘Big Belly’)
* Wakpokinyan (‘Flies Along the River’)
* Wakpokinyan (‘Flies Along the River’)
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* Siksicela or Shikshichela (‘Bad Ones’, ‘Bad ones of different kinds’)
* Siksicela or Shikshichela (‘Bad Ones’, ‘Bad ones of different kinds’)
* Wagleza-oin (‘Gartersnake Earring’)
* Wagleza-oin (‘Gartersnake Earring’)
* Wanhin Wega (‘Broken Arrow’, the ''Shunka yute shni'' and ''Oóhenuŋpa'' split off about 1840)
* Wanhin Wega (‘Broken Arrow’, the ''Shunka Yute Shni'' and ''Oóhenuŋpa'' split off about 1840)
* Tall Bear


The ''Oóhenuŋpa'' or Two Kettles were first part of the Miniconjou thiyóšpaye called ''Wanhin Wega'', split off about 1840 and became a separate ''oyate'' or ''tribe''.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}<!--<ref>[http://amertribes.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=twokettle1&action=display&thread=221 Two Kettles]</ref>-->
The ''Oóhenuŋpa'' or Two Kettles were first part of the Miniconjou thiyóšpaye called ''Wanhin Wega'', split off about 1840 and became a separate ''oyate'' or ''tribe''.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}<!--<ref>[http://amertribes.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=twokettle1&action=display&thread=221 Two Kettles]</ref>-->


== Miniconjou leaders ==
== Miniconjou leaders ==
Joseph [[White Bull]] (''Ptesan Hunka'') explained that prior to being confined to the reservation in the late 19th century, the Miniconjou recognized six hereditary leaders within their tribe, who were chosen from each clan.{{Citation needed|reason=Mar 2010|date=March 2010}} These men were:
Joseph [[White Bull]] (''Ptesan Hunka'') explained that prior to being confined to the reservation in the late 19th century, the Miniconjou recognized six hereditary leaders within their tribe, who were chosen from each clan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=White Bull|first=Joseph|title=Lakota Warrior|year=1998|isbn=0803298064|location=Nebraska|pages=32}}</ref> These men were:
*Makes Room
* Kiyoukanpi 'Makes Room'
*Black Shield
* Wahacanka Sapa 'Black Shield'
* He Isnala '[[Lone Horn]]' of a Minneconjou band called the Wakpokinyan (Flies Along the Stream)
*[[Lone Horn]]
*White Hollow Horn
* White Hollow Horn
*White Swan
* Magaska 'White Swan'
*Comes Flying
* Okinyan 'Comes Flying'


These men became renowned war chiefs among the Miniconjou, rising through the ranks of the men's warrior societies. "They were treated as chiefs because of this," White Bull explained. "They wore shirts decorated with scalps."{{Citation needed|reason=Mar 2010|date=March 2010}} He identified these two leaders as:
These men became renowned war chiefs among the Miniconjou, rising through the ranks of the men's warrior societies. "They were treated as chiefs because of this," White Bull explained, "They wore shirts decorated with scalps."<ref name=":0" /> He identified these two leaders as:
*Lame Deer
* Taachka Ooshta '[[Lame Deer]]'
*[[Black Moon (person)|Black Moon]]
* Wi Sapa '[[Black Moon (person)|Black Moon]]'


Other notable Miniconjou:<ref>{{cite magazine|last = Doyle|first = S. B.|date = Winter 1990|title = Indian Perspectives on the Bozeman Trail|magazine = Montana: The Magazine of Western History|volume = 40|issue = 1|page = 66}}</ref>
Other war leaders were:
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*Hump or High Backbone (Etokeah) Father (1811-1870) and son (1848-1908). The father was perhaps the most prominent Indian leader at the [[Fetterman Fight]] in 1866.<ref>Doyle, Susan Badger. "Indian Perspectives on the Bozeman Trail" ''Montana: The Magazine of Western History'', Vol. 40, No. 1 (Winter, 1990) p. 66</ref>
* Ituhu Hanska 'High Forehead'

* Kanku Wakatuya '(old) Hump' or 'High Backbone'
White Bull added: "The old time Minconjou tribe had good leaders, men of high repute. Now they are all dead and their children have taken their places."{{Citation needed|reason=Mar 2010|date=March 2010}} He listed the next generation as:
*[[White Bull]], son of Makes Room
* [[White Bull]], son of Makes Room
*Big Crow, son of Black Shield
* Big Crow, son of Black Shield
*[[Touch the Clouds]], son of Lone Horn
* Maphiua Icahtagya '[[Touch the Clouds]]', son of Lone Horn
*Little Bear, son of White Hollow Horn
* Mahto Cikala 'Little Bear', son of White Hollow Horn
*White Swan, son of White Swan
* Magaska 'White Swan', son of White Swan
*Comes Flying had no children
* Kiyoukanpi 'Comes Flying'
*Crazy Heart, son of Lame Deer
* Crazy Heart, son of Lame Deer
*Spotted Elk, son of Lone Horn, half-brother of Touches the Clouds
* Hehaka Galeshka 'Spotted Elk', son of Lone Horn, half-brother of Touches the Clouds
⚫
* Hehaka Galeshka '[[Chief Spotted Elk]]', later known as Si Tanka 'Chief Big Foot'

⚫
* [[Dewey Beard (Hard Tail)|Dewey Beard]]
Other noted Miniconjou:
⚫
* Mahto Wanahtake '[[Kicking Bear]]'
⚫
*[[Chief Spotted Elk]] later known as "Chief Big Foot"
* Etokeah '(young) Hump'
⚫
*[[Dewey Beard (Hard Tail)]]
{{Div col end}}
⚫
*[[Kicking Bear]]


==See also==
==See also==


* [[Red Horse (Lakota chief)]]
* [[Red Horse (Lakota chief)]]
* [[Tomi Kay Phillips]], president-designate of [[Sitting Bull College]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/siouan/brulehist.htm Indian genealogy]
*[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/siouan/brulehist.htm Indian genealogy]
*[http://www.mnisose.org/profiles/rosebud.htm Rosebud Sioux]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080516205322/http://www.mnisose.org/profiles/rosebud.htm Rosebud Sioux]

{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Lakota]]
[[Category:Miniconjou| ]]
[[Category:Great Sioux War of 1876]]
[[Category:Great Sioux War of 1876]]

Latest revision as of 17:13, 26 January 2024

Touch the Clouds, by James H. Hamilton, taken at the Spotted Tail Agency, Nebraska, in the fall of 1877, Miniconjou chief

The Miniconjou (Lakota: Mnikowoju, Hokwoju – ‘Plants by the Water’) are a Native American people constituting a subdivision of the Lakota people, who formerly inhabited an area in western present-day South Dakota from the Black Hills in to the Platte River. The contemporary population lives mostly in west-central South Dakota. Perhaps the most famous Miniconjou chief was Touch the Clouds.

Historic Miniconjou thiyóšpaye or bands

[edit]

Together with the Sans Arc (Itázipčho, Itazipcola, Hazipco – ‘Those who hunt without bows’) and Two Kettles (Oóhe Núŋpa, Oóhenuŋpa, Oohenonpa – ‘Two Boiling’ or ‘Two Kettles’) they were often referred to as Central Lakota[citation needed] and divided into several bands or thiyóšpaye:

  • Unkche yuta (‘Dung Eaters’)
  • Glaglaheca (‘Untidy’, ‘Slovenly’, ‘Shiftless’)
  • Shunka Yute Shni (‘Eat No Dogs’, split off from the Wanhin Wega)
  • Nige Tanka (‘Big Belly’)
  • Wakpokinyan (‘Flies Along the River’)
  • Inyan ha oin (‘Musselshell Earring’)
  • Siksicela or Shikshichela (‘Bad Ones’, ‘Bad ones of different kinds’)
  • Wagleza-oin (‘Gartersnake Earring’)
  • Wanhin Wega (‘Broken Arrow’, the Shunka Yute Shni and Oóhenuŋpa split off about 1840)
  • Tall Bear

The Oóhenuŋpa or Two Kettles were first part of the Miniconjou thiyóšpaye called Wanhin Wega, split off about 1840 and became a separate oyate or tribe.[citation needed]

Miniconjou leaders

[edit]

Joseph White Bull (Ptesan Hunka) explained that prior to being confined to the reservation in the late 19th century, the Miniconjou recognized six hereditary leaders within their tribe, who were chosen from each clan.[1] These men were:

  • Kiyoukanpi 'Makes Room'
  • Wahacanka Sapa 'Black Shield'
  • He Isnala 'Lone Horn' of a Minneconjou band called the Wakpokinyan (Flies Along the Stream)
  • White Hollow Horn
  • Magaska 'White Swan'
  • Okinyan 'Comes Flying'

These men became renowned war chiefs among the Miniconjou, rising through the ranks of the men's warrior societies. "They were treated as chiefs because of this," White Bull explained, "They wore shirts decorated with scalps."[1] He identified these two leaders as:

Other notable Miniconjou:[2]

  • Ituhu Hanska 'High Forehead'
  • Kanku Wakatuya '(old) Hump' or 'High Backbone'
  • White Bull, son of Makes Room
  • Big Crow, son of Black Shield
  • Maphiua Icahtagya 'Touch the Clouds', son of Lone Horn
  • Mahto Cikala 'Little Bear', son of White Hollow Horn
  • Magaska 'White Swan', son of White Swan
  • Kiyoukanpi 'Comes Flying'
  • Crazy Heart, son of Lame Deer
  • Hehaka Galeshka 'Spotted Elk', son of Lone Horn, half-brother of Touches the Clouds
  • Hehaka Galeshka 'Chief Spotted Elk', later known as Si Tanka 'Chief Big Foot'
  • Dewey Beard
  • Mahto Wanahtake 'Kicking Bear'
  • Etokeah '(young) Hump'

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b White Bull, Joseph (1998). Lakota Warrior. Nebraska. p. 32. ISBN 0803298064.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ Doyle, S. B. (Winter 1990). "Indian Perspectives on the Bozeman Trail". Montana: The Magazine of Western History. Vol. 40, no. 1. p. 66.
[edit]
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