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Touch the Clouds, by James H. Hamilton, taken at the Spotted Tail Agency, Nebraska, in the fall of 1877, Miniconjou chief

The Miniconjou (Lakota: Mnikowoju, Hokwoju – ‘Plants by the Water’) are a Native American people constituting a subdivision of the Lakota people, who formerly inhabited an area in western present-day South Dakota from the Black Hills in to the Platte River. The contemporary population lives mostly in west-central South Dakota. Perhaps the most famous Miniconjou chief was Touch the Clouds.

Historic Miniconjou thiyóšpaye or bands

Together with the Sans Arc (Itázipčho, Itazipcola, Hazipco – ‘Those who hunt without bows’) and Two Kettles (Oóhe Núŋpa, Oóhenuŋpa, Oohenonpa – ‘Two Boiling’ or ‘Two Kettles’) they were often referred to as Central Lakota^{[citation needed]} and divided into several bands or thiyóšpaye:

Unkche yuta (‘Dung Eaters’)
Glaglaheca (‘Untidy’, ‘Slovenly’, ‘Shiftless’)
Shunka Yute Shni (‘Eat No Dogs’, split off from the Wanhin Wega)
Nige Tanka (‘Big Belly’)
Wakpokinyan (‘Flies Along the River’)
Inyan ha oin (‘Musselshell Earring’)
Siksicela or Shikshichela (‘Bad Ones’, ‘Bad ones of different kinds’)
Wagleza-oin (‘Gartersnake Earring’)
Wanhin Wega (‘Broken Arrow’, the Shunka Yute Shni and Oóhenuŋpa split off about 1840)
Tall Bear

The Oóhenuŋpa or Two Kettles were first part of the Miniconjou thiyóšpaye called Wanhin Wega, split off about 1840 and became a separate oyate or tribe.^{[citation needed]}

Miniconjou leaders

Joseph White Bull (Ptesan Hunka) explained that prior to being confined to the reservation in the late 19th century, the Miniconjou recognized six hereditary leaders within their tribe, who were chosen from each clan.^[1] These men were:

Kiyoukanpi 'Makes Room'
Wahacanka Sapa 'Black Shield'
He Isnala 'Lone Horn' of a Minneconjou band called the Wakpokinyan (Flies Along the Stream)
White Hollow Horn
Magaska 'White Swan'
Okinyan 'Comes Flying'

These men became renowned war chiefs among the Miniconjou, rising through the ranks of the men's warrior societies. "They were treated as chiefs because of this," White Bull explained, "They wore shirts decorated with scalps."^[1] He identified these two leaders as:

Taachka Ooshta 'Lame Deer'
Wi Sapa 'Black Moon'

Other notable Miniconjou:^[2]

Ituhu Hanska 'High Forehead'
Kanku Wakatuya '(old) Hump' or 'High Backbone'
White Bull, son of Makes Room
Big Crow, son of Black Shield
Maphiua Icahtagya 'Touch the Clouds', son of Lone Horn
Mahto Cikala 'Little Bear', son of White Hollow Horn
Magaska 'White Swan', son of White Swan
Kiyoukanpi 'Comes Flying'
Crazy Heart, son of Lame Deer
Hehaka Galeshka 'Spotted Elk', son of Lone Horn, half-brother of Touches the Clouds
Hehaka Galeshka 'Chief Spotted Elk', later known as Si Tanka 'Chief Big Foot'
Dewey Beard
Mahto Wanahtake 'Kicking Bear'
Etokeah '(young) Hump'

References

^ ^a ^b White Bull, Joseph (1998). Lakota Warrior. Nebraska. p. 32. ISBN 0803298064.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Doyle, S. B. (Winter 1990). "Indian Perspectives on the Bozeman Trail". Montana: The Magazine of Western History. Vol. 40, no. 1. p. 66.

External links

[:0-1] White Bull, Joseph (1998). Lakota Warrior. Nebraska. p. 32. ISBN 0803298064.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[2] Doyle, S. B. (Winter 1990). "Indian Perspectives on the Bozeman Trail". Montana: The Magazine of Western History. Vol. 40, no. 1. p. 66.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Mcn|date=January 2024}}{{Short description|Lakota tribe}}
-[[File:Touch the Clouds 1877a.jpg|thumb|[[Touch the Clouds]], by James H. Hamilton, taken at the Spotted Tail Agency, Nebraska, in the fall of 1877, Miniconjou chief]]
+[[File:Touch the Clouds 1877a.JPG|thumb|[[Touch the Clouds]], by James H. Hamilton, taken at the Spotted Tail Agency, Nebraska, in the fall of 1877, Miniconjou chief]]
-The '''Miniconjou''' ([[Lakota language|Lakota]]: '''Mnikȟówožu''') are a [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] people constituting a subdivision of the [[Lakota people|Lakota Sioux]], who formerly inhabited an area from the [[Black Hills]] in [[South Dakota]] to the [[Platte River]].  The contemporary population lives mostly in west-central South Dakota. Perhaps the most famous Miniconjou chief was the gigantic [[Touch the Clouds]].
+The '''Miniconjou''' ([[Lakota language|Lakota]]: '''Mnikowoju''', '''Hokwoju''' – ‘Plants by the Water’) are a [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] people constituting a subdivision of the [[Lakota people]], who formerly inhabited an area in western present-day South Dakota from the [[Black Hills]] in to the [[Platte River]].  The contemporary population lives mostly in west-central South Dakota. Perhaps the most famous Miniconjou chief was [[Touch the Clouds]].
-== Miniconjou Leaders ==
+== Historic Miniconjou thiyóšpaye or bands ==
+Together with the [[Sans Arc]] (''Itázipčho'', ''Itazipcola'', ''Hazipco'' – ‘Those who hunt without bows’) and [[Two Kettles]] (''Oóhe Núŋpa'', ''Oóhenuŋpa'', ''Oohenonpa'' – ‘Two Boiling’ or ‘Two Kettles’) they were often referred to as ''Central Lakota''{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}<!--<ref>[http://lbha.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=Indians&action=print&thread=1491 Minneconjou and San Arc bands]</ref>--> and divided into several ''bands'' or ''thiyóšpaye'':
-Joseph [[White Bull]] (''Ptesan Hunka'') explained that prior to being confined to the reservation in the late 19th century, the Miniconjou recognized six hereditary leaders within their tribe.{{Citation needed|reason=Mar 2010|date=March 2010}} These men were:
-*Makes Room
-*Black Shield
-*[[Lone Horn]]
-*White Hollow Horn
-*Black Swan
-*Comes Flying
+* Unkche yuta (‘Dung Eaters’)
-He added that there were also two men who became renowned war leaders among the Miniconjou, rising through the ranks of the men's warrior societies. "They were treated as chiefs because of this," White Bull explained. "They wore shirts decorated with scalps."{{Citation needed|reason=Mar 2010|date=March 2010}} He identified these two leaders as:
+* Glaglaheca (‘Untidy’, ‘Slovenly’, ‘Shiftless’)
-*Lame Deer
+* Shunka Yute Shni (‘Eat No Dogs’, split off from the ''Wanhin Wega'')
-*[[Black Moon (person)|Black Moon]]
+* Nige Tanka (‘Big Belly’)
+* Wakpokinyan (‘Flies Along the River’)
+* Inyan ha oin (‘Musselshell Earring’)
+* Siksicela or Shikshichela (‘Bad Ones’, ‘Bad ones of different kinds’)
+* Wagleza-oin (‘Gartersnake Earring’)
+* Wanhin Wega (‘Broken Arrow’, the ''Shunka Yute Shni'' and ''Oóhenuŋpa'' split off about 1840)
+* Tall Bear
+The ''Oóhenuŋpa'' or Two Kettles were first part of the Miniconjou thiyóšpaye called ''Wanhin Wega'', split off about 1840 and became a separate ''oyate'' or ''tribe''.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}<!--<ref>[http://amertribes.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=twokettle1&action=display&thread=221 Two Kettles]</ref>-->
-White Bull added: "The old time Minconjou tribe had good leaders, men of high repute. Now they are all dead and their children have taken their places."{{Citation needed|reason=Mar 2010|date=March 2010}} He listed their sons as:
-*[[White Bull]], son of Makes Room
-*Big Crow, son of Black Shield
-*[[Touch the Clouds]], son of Lone Horn
-*Little Bear, son of White Hollow Horn
-*White Swan, son of White Swan
-*Comes Flying had no children
-*Crazy Heart, son of Lame Deer
-*Spotted Elk, son of Lone Horn, half-brother of Touches the Clouds
-Other noted Miniconjou:
+== Miniconjou leaders ==
+Joseph [[White Bull]] (''Ptesan Hunka'') explained that prior to being confined to the reservation in the late 19th century, the Miniconjou recognized six hereditary leaders within their tribe, who were chosen from each clan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=White Bull|first=Joseph|title=Lakota Warrior|year=1998|isbn=0803298064|location=Nebraska|pages=32}}</ref> These men were:
-*[[Chief Spotted Elk]] later known as "Chief Big Foot"
+* Kiyoukanpi 'Makes Room'
-*[[Dewey Beard (Hard Tail)]]
+* Wahacanka Sapa 'Black Shield'
-==External links==
+* He Isnala '[[Lone Horn]]' of a Minneconjou band called the Wakpokinyan (Flies Along the Stream)
-*[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/siouan/brulehist.htm Indian genealogy]
+* White Hollow Horn
-*[http://www.mnisose.org/profiles/rosebud.htm Rosebud Sioux]
+* Magaska 'White Swan'
+* Okinyan 'Comes Flying'
+These men became renowned war chiefs among the Miniconjou, rising through the ranks of the men's warrior societies. "They were treated as chiefs because of this," White Bull explained, "They wore shirts decorated with scalps."<ref name=":0" /> He identified these two leaders as:
-{{coord missing|South Dakota}}
+* Taachka Ooshta '[[Lame Deer]]'
+* Wi Sapa '[[Black Moon (person)|Black Moon]]'
+Other notable Miniconjou:<ref>{{cite magazine|last = Doyle|first = S. B.|date = Winter 1990|title = Indian Perspectives on the Bozeman Trail|magazine = Montana: The Magazine of Western History|volume = 40|issue = 1|page = 66}}</ref>
-[[Category:Lakota]]
+{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
-[[Category:Great Sioux War of 1876–77]]
+* Ituhu Hanska 'High Forehead'
+* Kanku Wakatuya '(old) Hump' or 'High Backbone'
+* [[White Bull]], son of Makes Room
+* Big Crow, son of Black Shield
+* Maphiua Icahtagya '[[Touch the Clouds]]', son of Lone Horn
+* Mahto Cikala 'Little Bear', son of White Hollow Horn
+* Magaska 'White Swan', son of White Swan
+* Kiyoukanpi 'Comes Flying'
+* Crazy Heart, son of Lame Deer
+* Hehaka Galeshka 'Spotted Elk', son of Lone Horn, half-brother of Touches the Clouds
+* Hehaka Galeshka '[[Chief Spotted Elk]]', later known as Si Tanka 'Chief Big Foot'
+* [[Dewey Beard (Hard Tail)|Dewey Beard]]
+* Mahto Wanahtake '[[Kicking Bear]]'
+* Etokeah '(young) Hump'
+{{Div col end}}
+==See also==
+* [[Red Horse (Lakota chief)]]
+* [[Tomi Kay Phillips]], president-designate of [[Sitting Bull College]]
+==References==
+{{Reflist}}
+==External links==
+*[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/siouan/brulehist.htm Indian genealogy]
+*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080516205322/http://www.mnisose.org/profiles/rosebud.htm Rosebud Sioux]
+{{Authority control}}
-{{NorthAm-native-stub}}
-{{SouthDakota-geo-stub}}
-{{Culture-stub}}
+[[Category:Miniconjou| ]]
-[[de:Minneconjou]]
+[[Category:Great Sioux War of 1876]]
-[[fr:Miniconjous]]
-[[hr:Miniconjou Indijanci]]
-[[no:Miniconjou]]
-[[ru:Миннеконжу]]