Malabar (naval exercise): Difference between revisions
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== 2002–2007 == |
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[[File:US Navy 050925-N-0413R-001 Ships assigned to the USS Nimitz Carrier Strike Group and the Indian aircraft carrier Viraat (R 22) underway in formation as part of exercise Malabar 2005.jpg|thumb|Ships assigned to the USS Nimitz Carrier Strike Group and the Indian aircraft carrier INS Viraat in formation as part of Malabar 2005.]] |
[[File:US Navy 050925-N-0413R-001 Ships assigned to the USS Nimitz Carrier Strike Group and the Indian aircraft carrier Viraat (R 22) underway in formation as part of exercise Malabar 2005.jpg|thumb|Ships assigned to the USS Nimitz Carrier Strike Group and the Indian aircraft carrier INS Viraat in formation as part of Malabar 2005.]] |
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[[File:US Navy 061026-N-0209M-005 Indian soldiers assigned to the 9th Battalion of the Sikh Infantry take notes during small arms training aboard USS Boxer (LHD 4) during Malabar 2006.jpg|thumb|Indian soldiers assigned to the 9th Battalion of the [[Sikh Light Infantry|Sikh Infantry]] take notes during small arms training aboard USS Boxer during Malabar 2006.]] |
[[File:US Navy 061026-N-0209M-005 Indian soldiers assigned to the 9th Battalion of the Sikh Infantry take notes during small arms training aboard USS Boxer (LHD 4) during Malabar 2006.jpg|thumb|Indian soldiers assigned to the 9th Battalion of the [[Sikh Light Infantry|Sikh Infantry]] take notes during small arms training aboard USS Boxer during Malabar 2006.]] |
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The United States renewed military contact following the 2001 [[September 11 attacks]] when India joined President [[George W. Bush|George W Bush's]] [[War on terror|campaign against international terrorism]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nadkarni|first=Vidya|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wdKNAgAAQBAJ|title=Strategic Partnerships in Asia: Balancing Without Alliances|date=2010-01-21|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-26525-0|pages=158}}</ref> The 2003 exercises featured sub-surface exercises for the first time.<ref name=":2" /> In 2005 India and US signed the New Framework for the India - U.S. Defence Relationship.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|last=Cherian|first=John|date=21 September 2007|title=The battle is on|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30192939.ece|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-15|website=Frontline|publisher=The Hindu}}</ref> 2006 was the first time expeditionary exercises took place with a United States Expeditionary Strike Group (ESG) leading the exercise.<ref name=":2" /> |
The United States renewed military contact following the 2001 [[September 11 attacks]] when India joined President [[George W. Bush|George W Bush's]] [[War on terror|campaign against international terrorism]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nadkarni|first=Vidya|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wdKNAgAAQBAJ|title=Strategic Partnerships in Asia: Balancing Without Alliances|date=2010-01-21|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-26525-0|pages=158}}</ref> The 2003 exercises featured sub-surface exercises for the first time.<ref name=":2" /> In 2005 India and US signed the New Framework for the India - U.S. Defence Relationship.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|last=Cherian|first=John|date=21 September 2007|title=The battle is on|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30192939.ece|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-15|website=Frontline|publisher=The Hindu}}</ref> Malabar 2005 saw the inclusion of aircraft carriers from both navies for the time.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":9" /> 2006 was the first time expeditionary exercises took place with a United States Expeditionary Strike Group (ESG) leading the exercise.<ref name=":2" /> |
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In 2007, the [[Quadrilateral Security Dialogue]], an initiative between Japan, United States, Australia and India impacted the Malabar exercise.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=Jeff M.|url=http://archive.org/details/coldpeacechinain0000smit|title=Cold peace : China-India rivalry in the twenty-first century|date=2014|publisher=Lanham, Maryland : Lexington Books|others=|isbn=978-1-4985-2092-8|pages=182–186|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> In 2007, for the first time, navies other than Indian and US joined the exercise with the armada including Japan, Singapore and Australia. Also for the first time, the exercise was shifted from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.<ref name=":7" /> |
In 2007, the [[Quadrilateral Security Dialogue]], an initiative between Japan, United States, Australia and India impacted the Malabar exercise.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=Jeff M.|url=http://archive.org/details/coldpeacechinain0000smit|title=Cold peace : China-India rivalry in the twenty-first century|date=2014|publisher=Lanham, Maryland : Lexington Books|others=|isbn=978-1-4985-2092-8|pages=182–186|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> In 2007, for the first time, navies other than Indian and US joined the exercise with the armada including Japan, Singapore and Australia. Also for the first time, the exercise was shifted from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.<ref name=":7" /> |
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[[China]], which did off not officially comment on the exercise, was known to be unhappy over the event as it was being conducted in the Bay of Bengal for the first time. China has been cultivating naval cooperation with [[Bangladesh]] and [[Myanmar]] to gain access to the Bay of Bengal and has been strengthening military cooperation with [[Sri Lanka]]. In June, China had issued a '[[demarche]]' to [[India]], [[United States]], [[Japan]] and [[Australia]] seeking details about their four-nation meeting, termed a Quadrilateral Initiative. India and Australia had quickly assured Beijing that security and defence issues did not form part of the meeting's agenda.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=|first1=|date=10 July 2017|title=What is Malabar naval exercise? Why is Chinese media considering it a threat?|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/malabar-exercise-2017-india-us-japan-china-naval-navy-ins-vikramaditya-1023389-2017-07-10|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226142832/https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/malabar-exercise-2017-india-us-japan-china-naval-navy-ins-vikramaditya-1023389-2017-07-10|archive-date=26 February 2020|access-date=2020-02-26|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> |
[[China]], which did off not officially comment on the exercise, was known to be unhappy over the event as it was being conducted in the Bay of Bengal for the first time. China has been cultivating naval cooperation with [[Bangladesh]] and [[Myanmar]] to gain access to the Bay of Bengal and has been strengthening military cooperation with [[Sri Lanka]]. In June, China had issued a '[[demarche]]' to [[India]], [[United States]], [[Japan]] and [[Australia]] seeking details about their four-nation meeting, termed a Quadrilateral Initiative. India and Australia had quickly assured Beijing that security and defence issues did not form part of the meeting's agenda.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=|first1=|date=10 July 2017|title=What is Malabar naval exercise? Why is Chinese media considering it a threat?|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/malabar-exercise-2017-india-us-japan-china-naval-navy-ins-vikramaditya-1023389-2017-07-10|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226142832/https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/malabar-exercise-2017-india-us-japan-china-naval-navy-ins-vikramaditya-1023389-2017-07-10|archive-date=26 February 2020|access-date=2020-02-26|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> |
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<ref>{{cite web|authors=Ramananda Sengupta and Nikhil Lakshman|date=2006|title=''Your navy is world class'': Interview: US Pacific Fleet Commander Gary Roughead|url=http://specials.rediff.com/news/2006/may/31sld01.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513182508/http://specials.rediff.com/news/2006/may/31sld04.htm|archive-date=13 May 2013|access-date=3 May 2012|website=[[Rediff]]}}</ref> |
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Aircraft and submarines<ref name=":5">[https://www.mod.gov.in/sites/default/files/MOD-English2003_0.pdf Annual Report. 2002-2003.] ''Ministry of Defence''. Government of India. pg 27. Retrieved on 13 October 2021.</ref> |
*Aircraft and submarines<ref name=":5">[https://www.mod.gov.in/sites/default/files/MOD-English2003_0.pdf Annual Report. 2002-2003.] ''Ministry of Defence''. Government of India. pg 27. Retrieved on 13 October 2021.</ref>}} |
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|Basic passing maneuvers, [[anti-submarine]] exercises and [[Underway replenishment|replenishment-at-sea drill]]s<ref>{{Cite web|last=Griffin|first=Christopher J.|date=31 December 2006|others=Armed Forces Journal|title=What India Wants|url=https://www.aei.org/articles/what-india-wants/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-13|website=American Enterprise Institute|language=en-US}}</ref> |
|Basic passing maneuvers, [[anti-submarine]] exercises and [[Underway replenishment|replenishment-at-sea drill]]s<ref>{{Cite web|last=Griffin|first=Christopher J.|date=31 December 2006|others=Armed Forces Journal|title=What India Wants|url=https://www.aei.org/articles/what-india-wants/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-13|website=American Enterprise Institute|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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Aircraft<ref name=":10">{{cite news|date=2003-10-06|title=Indo-U.S. naval exercise begins today|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India|url=http://www.hindu.com/2003/10/06/stories/2003100602700500.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=2 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013031739/http://www.hindu.com/2003/10/06/stories/2003100602700500.htm|archive-date=13 October 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Unnithan|first=Sandeep|date=20 October 2003|title=Malabar-2003 naval exercise signals new high in cooperation between India and US|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/defence/story/20031020-malabar-2003-naval-exercise-signals-new-high-in-cooperation-between-india-and-us-791635-2003-10-20|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-13|website=India Today}}</ref> |
*Aircraft<ref name=":10">{{cite news|date=2003-10-06|title=Indo-U.S. naval exercise begins today|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India|url=http://www.hindu.com/2003/10/06/stories/2003100602700500.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=2 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013031739/http://www.hindu.com/2003/10/06/stories/2003100602700500.htm|archive-date=13 October 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Unnithan|first=Sandeep|date=20 October 2003|title=Malabar-2003 naval exercise signals new high in cooperation between India and US|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/defence/story/20031020-malabar-2003-naval-exercise-signals-new-high-in-cooperation-between-india-and-us-791635-2003-10-20|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-13|website=India Today}}</ref>}} |
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|Anti-submarine exercises<ref name=":10" /> |
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{{USS|Alexandria|SSN-757|6}}, {{USS|Cowpens|CG 63|6}}, {{USS|Gary|FFG 51|6}}, [[P-3 Orion|P-3C Orion]], [[Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk#MH-60R|SH-60B Seahawk LAMPS MKIII]]<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|authors=|date=14 October 2004|title=Malabar 2004. Malabar '04 Exercises Conclude Successfully Off Indian Coast.|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Galleries/Bridges/2004/Malabar/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-15|website=|publisher=U.S. 7th Fleet Public Affairs|via=Bharat Rakshak}}</ref> |
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[[P-3 Orion|P-3C Orion]], [[Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk#MH-60R|SH-60B Seahawk LAMPS MKIII]] |
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|War at sea, submarine familiarization exercises, small boat transfers, group maneuvers, nighttime maneuvers, [[Visit, board, search, and seizure|VBSS]] drills<ref name=":5" /> |
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⚫ | <ref name=":14">{{cite web|date=26 September 2005|title=Press Releases 2005. Malabar 05: Indo-US Aircraft Carriers to Conduct Joint Exercise in Arabian Sea.|url=http://newdelhi.usembassy.gov/pr092605.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111222635/http://newdelhi.usembassy.gov/pr092605.html|archive-date=11 January 2009|website=Embassy of the United States, New Delhi}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{cite web|last=Sathe|first=Abhijeet|date=29 September 2005|title=Indo-US navy exercises:More than expected achieved|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2005/sep/29navy.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306123211/http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/sep/29navy.htm|archive-date=6 March 2016|access-date=28 April 2019|website=Rediff}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 08:39, 15 October 2021
Exercise Malabar[a] is a naval exercise involving the United States, Japan and India as permanent partners.[1] The annual Malabar exercises includes diverse activities, ranging from fighter combat operations from aircraft carriers through maritime interdiction operations, anti-submarine warfare, diving salvage operations, amphibious operations, counter-piracy operations, cross–deck helicopter landings and anti–air warfare operations.[2][3] Over the years, the exercise has been conducted in the Philippine Sea, off the coast of Japan, in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea.[4]
Originally begun in 1992 along the Malabar Coast as a bilateral exercise between India and the United States, the exercise was expanded in 2007 with the participation of Japan, Singapore and Australia. Japan became a permanent partner in 2015. Australia participated in the exercise again in 2020, marking the second time that the Quad will be jointly participating in a military exercise.[5]
The duration of the exercise has ranged from 1 to 11 sea-days.[6] The complexity and sophistication of the exercise has increased over the years. The average participation by India increased from 8 ships to just over 9 from 2002 to 2014.[7] The aim of the exercise includes increasing interoperability between the naval forces.
1992–2002
The first Malabar exercise between India and the United States was held on 28/29 May 1992.[8][9] The exercises were located along the Malabar Coast in Cochin, headquarters of the Indian Southern Naval Command, and Goa.[9] It was of an elementary level, including four vessels, passing exercises and basic maneuvers.[3][9] Two more exercises were conducted before 1998, when the Americans suspended exercises after India tested nuclear weapons.[10]
Edition | Year | Participants | Exercise Area | Vessels[b] | Exercises | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1992 | India's west coast | Frequency sharing, basic maneuvers, search and rescue.[9] | [3] | ||
2 | 1995 | Persian Gulf | [3] | |||
3 | 1996 | India's west coast | [3] |
2002–2007
The United States renewed military contact following the 2001 September 11 attacks when India joined President George W Bush's campaign against international terrorism.[11] The 2003 exercises featured sub-surface exercises for the first time.[3] In 2005 India and US signed the New Framework for the India - U.S. Defence Relationship.[12] Malabar 2005 saw the inclusion of aircraft carriers from both navies for the time.[13][7] 2006 was the first time expeditionary exercises took place with a United States Expeditionary Strike Group (ESG) leading the exercise.[3]
In 2007, the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, an initiative between Japan, United States, Australia and India impacted the Malabar exercise.[14] In 2007, for the first time, navies other than Indian and US joined the exercise with the armada including Japan, Singapore and Australia. Also for the first time, the exercise was shifted from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.[14]
India's Left parties that have criticised Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's government on the India-US civilian nuclear deal had vehemently protested the exercise, seeing it as another sign of the growing closeness between the two countries. At one time, the Indian government was known to have considered postponing or canceling the exercise but the Indian Navy put its foot down, saying the logistics involved made any delay impossible.[12] Protests against USS Nimitz were seen in India when it dropped anchor off Chennai in July.[12][15]
China, which did off not officially comment on the exercise, was known to be unhappy over the event as it was being conducted in the Bay of Bengal for the first time. China has been cultivating naval cooperation with Bangladesh and Myanmar to gain access to the Bay of Bengal and has been strengthening military cooperation with Sri Lanka. In June, China had issued a 'demarche' to India, United States, Japan and Australia seeking details about their four-nation meeting, termed a Quadrilateral Initiative. India and Australia had quickly assured Beijing that security and defence issues did not form part of the meeting's agenda.[16]
Edition | Year | Participants | Exercise Area | Vessels[b] | Exercises | Ref |
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4 | 2002 | Arabian Sea |
|
Basic passing maneuvers, anti-submarine exercises and replenishment-at-sea drills[19] | [6] | |
5 | 2003 | India's west coast | Anti-submarine exercises[20] | [3] | ||
6 | 2004 | India's west coast | INS Aditya, INS Mysore, INS Brahmaputra, INS Shankul
USS Alexandria, USS Cowpens, USS Gary, P-3C Orion, SH-60B Seahawk LAMPS MKIII[18] |
War at sea, submarine familiarization exercises, small boat transfers, group maneuvers, nighttime maneuvers, VBSS drills[18] | [3] | |
7 | 2005 | India's west coast | Dissimilar air combat tactics,[22] joint diving salvage exercises,[3] a 24-hour 'war at sea' simulation[13] | [3] | ||
8 | 2006 | India's west coast | USS Boxer Expeditionary Strike Group (BOXESG; 13 ships including amphibious ships, cruisers, destroyers, USS Providence, marines from the 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit)
U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Midgett (WHEC 726) and an Indian Coast Guard Patrol Ship |
Exchange of coast guard practices between nations in maritime law enforcement, anti-piracy operations, pollution control, search and rescue, and VBSS support.
During the second phase, BOXESG pulled into several Indian ports, including Mumbai and Goa. The stop offered BOXESG a chance to experience Indian culture, re-supply, and support a Habitat for Humanity project. |
[3] | |
9 | 2007 | Philippine Sea | [3] | |||
10 | 2007 | Bay of Bengal | Included 25 vessels
13 warships including USS Nimitz, USS Kitty Hawk, USS Chicago, two guided missile cruisers, and six guided missile destroyers. 8 warships, INS Viraat (with Sea Harrier jets and Sea King helicopters, and the Indian Air Force's Jaguar), INS Mysore, INS Rana, INS Ranjit, INS Jyoti, INS Kuthar Australia was represented by a frigate and a tanker; Japan by two destroyers; and Singapore by a frigate.[23][24][25] |
[3] |
2008–2014
Domestic political changes in Australia and Japan, including China's opposition, resulted in Malabar 2008 being on a much smaller scale with only participation from India and the US, and being conducted in the Indian Ocean.[14] Some protests in India against the 2008 exercise were led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist).[14][26]
While the 2009 exercises were trilateral, India did not participate in the amphibious assault exercise in Japan.[3]
India had stopped involving more countries in the exercises after China, in 2007, sent demarches to all the participants of a five-nation naval exercise held in the Bay of Bengal. With the Japanese participation in 2009 raising no political storm, India was once again agreeable to the idea of allowing the JMSDF to participate.[27]
The Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami on the east coast of Japan in March 2011 caused Japan to back out of the next Malabar which was held off the Okinawa coast.[14][27]
Edition | Year | Participants | Exercise Area | Vessels[b] | Exercises | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11 | 2008 | Arabian Sea | USS Ronald Reagan's Carrier Strike Group Seven, USS Springfield, P3C Orion aircraft,[2][28] fast combat support ship Bridge, USS Springfield and a P-3C maritime patrol aircraft.[29][30] Destroyers Mumbai and Rana; Talwar, Godavari, Brahmaputra, and Betwa; the replenishment tanker Aditya; and a Shishumar-class diesel-electric submarine.[2][29][30] | [3] | ||
12 | 2009 | Japan | INS Mumbai, INS Khanjar, INS Ranvir, INS Jyoti, JDS Kurama, JDS Asayuki, USS Blue Ridge, USS Fitzgerald, USS Chafee, USS Seawolf[31][32] | Visit, Board, Search & Seizure (VBBS) techniques; Surface warfare maneuvers; Anti-submarine warfare; Gunnery training; Air defense. | [3] | |
13 | 2010 | India's west coast | USS Shiloh (CG 67), USS Lassen (DDG 82), USS Chafee (DDG 90), USS Curts (FFG 38), USS Annapolis (SSN 760), P-3 Orion aircraft, SH-60 helicopters and a SEAL special forces detachment.[33] | Surface and antisubmarine warfare, coordinated gunnery exercises, air defense, and visit, board, search, and seizure drills. Sailors took part in professional exchanges and discussions while at-sea and on shore. US Navy personnel participated in a community service project during the port visit to Goa. | [3] | |
14 | 2011 | Japan | Carrier Strike Group Seven participated in Malabar 2011.[34] Sterett and Stethem; Reuben James; USS Santa Fe (SSN-763).
Delhi, Ranvijay, INS Ranvir (D54); INS Kirch (P62); INS Jyoti.[34][35][36] |
Exercise's coincided with the Indian Navy's western Pacific deployment.[34]Exercise events included liaison officer professional exchanges and embarks; communications exercises; surface action group exercise operations; formation maneuvering; helicopter cross deck evolutions; underway replenishments; humanitarian assistance and disaster relief; gunnery exercises; visit, board, search and seizure; maritime strike; air defense; screen exercise and anti-submarine warfare.[35] | [3] | |
15 | 2012 | Bay of Bengal | Carrier Strike Group (CSG) 1 of the US Navy, comprising[37] USS Carl Vinson, embarked Carrier Air Wing (CVW) 17, USS Bunker Hill, USS Halsey participated in the 10-day exercise. Military Sealift Command's fast combat support ship USNS Bridge.[38]INS Satpura, INS Ranvir, INS Ranvijay, INS Kulish, INS Shakti (A57).[37][39] | The exercise took place in approximately 450 nautical miles of sea and air space, and offered the opportunity for the United States and Indian naval services to conduct communications exercises, surface action group (SAG) operations, helicopter cross-deck evolutions, and gunnery exercises. The participants split into two SAGs, with Bunker Hill leading one and Satpura leading the other.[37] | [3] | |
16 | 2013 | India's east coast | USS McCampbell (DDG 85), P-3 Orion | 'At-Sea' phase included professional exchanges and embarkations; communications exercises; Surface Action Group operations; leapfrogs; helicopter cross-deck evolutions; gunnery exercises; Visit Board Search and Seizure (VBSS) and anti-submarine warfare (ASW). | [3] | |
17 | 2014 | Japan | INS Ranvijay, INS Shivalik, INS Shakti, P3C Orion
U.S. Navy one submarine (SSN), two destroyers, one tanker along with one Maritime Reconnaissance aircraft participated. One United States Navy Carrier Strike group (CSG) based on the Nimitz class carrier USS George Washington[41][42] |
Carrier strike group operations, Maritime patrol and Reconnaissance operations, anti piracy operations and Visit, board, search, and seizure (VBSS) operations, Search and rescue exercises, helicopter cross-deck landings, Underway replenishment, gunnery and anti-submarine warfare exercises, and Liaison officer exchange and embarkation.[41] | [3] |
2015–2019
On 26 January 2015, the U.S. President and Indian Prime Minister agreed, in a joint statement, to upgrade exercise Malabar.[43] India invited Japan to be a part of exercise, held in the Bay of Bengal.[44] Japan joined as a permanent member.[45]
In 2015, the United States brought up the fact that India was doing its "bare minimum" with regard the participation in the exercise.[7] However, seeming to understand India's limitation, the United States has also responded accordingly.[3] For India, one of the reasons for converting Malabar into a multilateral exercise has been "resource optimisation".[3] As the number of maritime bilateral exercises over the years has been increasing, the Navy's resources are heavily strained. Further, the returns from the international exercises seem to be levelling out.[3] Inviting China to "socialise" during the Malabar exercises has been suggested.[3][7]
Malabar 2017 was the first exercise between the three countries which involved three aircraft carriers.[46]
The 2018 Malabar exercise was conducted from 7 to 16 June 2018 off the coast of Guam in the Philippine Sea. This was the 22nd edition of the exercise and the first time it was held on United States territory. The exercise is divided into two phases. The harbor phase was held from 7 to 10 June at Naval Base Guam, and the sea phase from 11 to 16 June.[47] Based on news reports, India refused Australia participation in the exercise to avoid posturing it as a military group against China.[48]
Edition | Year | Participants | Exercise Area | Vessels[b] | Exercises | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18 | 2015 | Bay of Bengal | INS Sindhuraj, INS Ranvijay, INS Shivalik, INS Betwa, INS Shakti
USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71), the USS Normandy, USS Fort Worth (LCS-3) USS City of Corpus Christi (SSN-705)[49] |
[50] | ||
19 | 2016 | Philippine Sea | [51] | [50] | ||
20 | 2017 | Bay of Bengal | A total of 16 ships, 2 submarines and 95 aircraft participated in this exercise.[52][53]INS Vikramaditya, INS Ranvir, INS Shivalik and INS Sahyadri, INS Kamorta, INS Kora and INS Kirpan, one Sindhughosh-class submarine, fleet tanker INS Jyoti and a Poseidon P8I aircraft.[52]
USS Nimitz, USS Princeton, USS Howard, USS Shoup and USS Kidd, a Los Angeles-class fast-attack submarine and a Poseidon P-8A aircraft.[52] JS Izumo (DDH 183) and its air wing and a missile destroyer JS Sazanami (DD1 13).[52][54] |
Aircraft Carrier operations, Air defense, Anti-submarine warfare (ASW), Surface warfare, Visit Board Search and Seizure (VBSS), Search and Rescue (SAR), joint and tactical procedures. There was also joint training between the naval special forces of the Indian and US Navies | [6] | |
21 | 2018 | Philippine Sea | INS Sahyadri; INS Kamorta, INS Shakti and a Boeing P-8I Neptune aircraft.[55]USS Ronald Reagan, USS Antietam and USS Chancellorsville; USS Benfold and USS Mustin; a Los Angeles-class fast-attack submarine, Poseidon P-8A aircraft.[55]
JS Ise, JS Suzunami and JS Fuyuzuki; a Kawasaki P-1 patrol aircraft, a submarine[55] |
Onshore and at-sea training, aircraft carrier operations, maritime patrol and reconnaissance operations, visit, board, search and seizure operations and professional exchanges[47] | [6] | |
22 | 2019 | Japan | INS Sahyadri, INS Kiltan, Boeing P-8I Neptune aircraft[56]USS McCampbell, Boeing P-8A Poseidon aircraft
JS Kaga, JS Samidare, JS Choukai, P1 aircraft[56] |
[6] |
2020–present
Malabar 2020 was a "non-contact, at sea only" exercise taking into consideration COVID-19 pandemic.[57][58] It was decided that Australia shall also be a part of the Malabar Naval exercise, in view to support a free, open and rule based Indo Pacific.[59] This is the first time that all four navies of the Quad will be in a joint exercise in 13 years.[60] US Deputy Secretary of State Stephen E Biegun, on 20 October 2020, said that Quad should be "more regularised", and at some point "formalised" with the passage of time.[61]
It was reported in the Sunday Telegraph on 7 March 2021 that France planned to join the four other nations in 2021, and had planned its annual Jeanne d'Arc naval exercise around this event.[62]
Edition | Year | Participants | Exercise Area | Vessels | Exercises | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
23 | 2020 | (1) Bay of Bengal (2) Arabian Sea | USS John S. McCain, INS Shakti, INS Ranvijay, INS Shivalik, INS Sindhuraj, HMAS Ballarat and JS Ōnami.[63] Two carrier battle groups— Vikramaditya and Nimitz.[64] | Phase II included tactical training night operations, underway replenishment, and gunnery exercises.[65] | [57] | |
24 | 2021 | (1) Philippine Sea (2) Bay of Bengal | USS Barry (DDG 52), Task Force 72 aircraft, USNS Rappahannock (T-AO 204)
INS Shivalik (F 47), INS Kadmatt (P 29) JS Kaga (DDH 184), JS Murasame (DD 101), JS Shiranui (DD 120)
|
[68] |
See also
- Geostrategy
- AirSea Battle
- Interoperability
- Blue Team (U.S. politics)
- China Containment Policy
- India–United States relations
- List of disputed territories of China
- Quadrilateral Security Dialogue
- String of Pearls (Indian Ocean)
- Territorial disputes in the South China Sea
- US-Philippines Balikatan Exercise
- International relations
- India-China relations
- China-United States relations
- India-Australia relations
- India-Japan relations
- India–United States relations
Notes
References
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