Mexico–Romania relations: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox bilateral relations|Mexico–Romania|Mexico|Romania}} |
{{Infobox bilateral relations|Mexico–Romania|Mexico|Romania}} |
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The nations of [[Mexico]] and [[Romania]] first established contact in 1880, however, diplomatic relations between both nations were officially established in 1935. Relations were severed during [[World War II]] and re-established in 1973 and have continued unabated since.<ref name=Relations>[https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/rumania/index.php/es/relacion-mexico-rumania/historia2 México - Rumania a lo largo de la historia (in Spanish)]</ref> |
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== History == |
== History == |
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[[File:Jorge Castaneda y Nicolae Ceaușescu.jpg|thumb|right|Former Romanian President [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] receiving Mexican Foreign Minister [[Jorge Castañeda y Álvarez de la Rosa]] in Bucharest, 1979.]] |
[[File:Jorge Castaneda y Nicolae Ceaușescu.jpg|thumb|right|Former Romanian President [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] receiving Mexican Foreign Minister [[Jorge Castañeda y Álvarez de la Rosa]] in Bucharest, 1979.]] |
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Knowledge of Mexico in Romania goes back to the early sixteenth century when a series of manuscripts on pre-Columbian priests and cultures circulated in Romania.<ref name=Manuscripts>{{cite web |last1=Luis Valdés-Ugalde |first1=José |last2=Tigau |first2=Camelia |title=Beyond Politics: Cultural Connections Among Mexico, Romania and Poland |url=http://www.revistascisan.unam.mx/Voices/pdfs/8415.pdf |access-date= |
Knowledge of Mexico in Romania goes back to the early sixteenth century when a series of manuscripts on pre-Columbian priests and cultures circulated in Romania.<ref name=Manuscripts>{{cite web |last1=Luis Valdés-Ugalde |first1=José |last2=Tigau |first2=Camelia |title=Beyond Politics: Cultural Connections Among Mexico, Romania and Poland |url=http://www.revistascisan.unam.mx/Voices/pdfs/8415.pdf |access-date=14 February 2024 |format=PDF}}</ref> In the seventeenth century, [[maize]] (originally a crop from Mexico) was introduced to Romania and in subsequent centuries, Romania would become one of the largest producers of the crop.<ref name=Manuscripts /> During the [[Second French intervention in Mexico]], several Romanian soldiers participated with the French army sent by [[Napoleon III]] to assist Emperor [[Maximilian I of Mexico]].<ref name=Manuscripts /> |
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The first official contact between Mexico and Romania was in April 1880 when Prince [[Carol I of Romania]] sent a letter to Mexican President [[Porfirio Díaz]] informing him of Romania's independence from the [[Ottoman Empire]] by the [[Treaty of Berlin (1878)|Treaty of Berlin]] in 1878.<ref |
The first official contact between Mexico and Romania was in April 1880 when Prince [[Carol I of Romania]] sent a letter to Mexican President [[Porfirio Díaz]] informing him of Romania's independence from the [[Ottoman Empire]] by the [[Treaty of Berlin (1878)|Treaty of Berlin]] in 1878.<ref name=Relations /> Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Romania were officially established on 20 July 1935 in [[Paris]] between foreign ministers of both nations.<ref name=History>{{cite web |title=Historical diplomatic relations between Mexico and Romania |url=https://sre.gob.mx/images/stories/docnormateca/manexte/embajadas/MOEMRumania.pdf |website=Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores |access-date=4 September 2021 |language=es |format=PDF |date=3 February 2003}}</ref> |
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In 1940, Romanian King [[Carol II]] abdicated his throne and went into exile, initially to Mexico. The former King was a guest of Mexican President [[Manuel Ávila Camacho]] and was invited to observe Mexico's Independence Day parade in September 1941.<ref>[https://inehrm.gob.mx/recursos/BibliotecaBicentenario/MexicoContemporaneo/EL%20PAPEL%201940-1946.pdf Un refugiado de alcurnia: el Rey Carlo de Rumania - page 8 (in Spanish)]</ref> On 24 December 1941, diplomatic relations were severed by Mexico when Romania joined the [[Axis Powers]] during [[World War II]].<ref name=History /> |
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| ⚫ | In March 1973 diplomatic relations were re-established between both nations. Soon afterward, embassies were opened in both nations capitals respectively.<ref name= |
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| ⚫ | In March 1973 diplomatic relations were re-established between both nations. Soon afterward, embassies were opened in both nations capitals respectively.<ref name=History /> In September 1989, Mexico closed its embassy in [[Bucharest]] for financial reasons; however, the embassy was re-opened in 1995. In 1974, Romanian President [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] became the first Romanian head of state to pay an official visit to Mexico.<ref name=President>[http://revistas.bancomext.gob.mx/rce/magazines/373/14/RCE13.pdf Intercambio comercial México-Rumania (in Spanish)]</ref> Since the initial visit, there have been other high-level visits from Romania to Mexico, the latest in 2015 by Prime Minister [[Victor Ponta]]. To date, there have only been high-level visits from Mexican Foreign Ministers to Romania. In 2020, both nations celebrated 85 years of diplomatic relations.<ref>[https://adcolima.mx/2020/07/20/fotonota-celebran-rumania-y-mexico-85-anos-de-relaciones-diplomaticas/ Celebran Rumania y México 85 años de relaciones diplomáticas (in Spanish)]</ref> |
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In February and March 2022, Mexico sent [[Mexican Air Force|military transport planes]] to Romania to pick-up Mexican citizens, their Ukrainian family members and Latin-American citizens who resided and left [[Ukraine]] due to the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]]. The Mexican government also donated humanitarian supplies to Ukrainian refugees in Romania.<ref>[https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/busca-mexico-rescatara-a-mas-mexicanos-y-latinoamericanos-en-rumania/1502971 Busca México rescatar a más mexicanos y latinoamericanos en Rumania (in Spanish)]</ref> |
In February and March 2022, Mexico sent [[Mexican Air Force|military transport planes]] to Romania to pick-up Mexican citizens, their Ukrainian family members and Latin-American citizens who resided and left [[Ukraine]] due to the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]]. The Mexican government also donated humanitarian supplies to Ukrainian refugees in Romania.<ref>[https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/busca-mexico-rescatara-a-mas-mexicanos-y-latinoamericanos-en-rumania/1502971 Busca México rescatar a más mexicanos y latinoamericanos en Rumania (in Spanish)]</ref> |
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==High-level visits== |
==High-level visits== |
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[[File:Reunión con el Primer Ministro de Rumania. (22545940562).jpg|thumb|right|Romanian Prime Minister Victor Ponta meeting with Mexican President [[Enrique Peña Nieto]] in Mexico City; 2015]] |
[[File:Reunión con el Primer Ministro de Rumania. (22545940562).jpg|thumb|right|Romanian Prime Minister Victor Ponta meeting with Mexican President [[Enrique Peña Nieto]] in Mexico City; 2015]] |
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'''High-level visits from Mexico to Romania'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Relaţii politice (Political relations) |url=https://mexico.mae.ro/node/167 |website=AMBASADA ROMÂNIEI în Statele Unite Mexicane |access-date= |
'''High-level visits from Mexico to Romania'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Relaţii politice (Political relations) |url=https://mexico.mae.ro/node/167 |website=AMBASADA ROMÂNIEI în Statele Unite Mexicane |access-date=14 February 2024 |language=ro}}</ref> |
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* Foreign Minister [[Jorge Castañeda y Álvarez de la Rosa]] (1979) |
* Foreign Minister [[Jorge Castañeda y Álvarez de la Rosa]] (1979) |
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* Foreign Minister [[Rosario Green]] (1999) |
* Foreign Minister [[Rosario Green]] (1999) |
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'''High-level visits from Romania to Mexico'''<ref name=" |
'''High-level visits from Romania to Mexico'''<ref name="President"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Arvizu Arrioja |first1=Juan |title=Ganó México admiración, dice el presidente rumano (Mexico won admiration, says the Romanian president) |url=https://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/28081.html |website=[[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]] |access-date=4 September 2021 |language=es |date=21 July 2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://fox.presidencia.gob.mx/en/activities/pressreleases/?contenido=2770&pagina=23|title=Vicente Fox Quesada held a working meeting with the president of Romania, Ion Iliescu|website=México - Presidencia de la República|lang=es|access-date=2013-06-10|archive-date=2014-09-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916144858/http://fox.presidencia.gob.mx/en/activities/pressreleases/?contenido=2770&pagina=23|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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* President [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] (1974) |
* President [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] (1974) |
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==Bilateral agreements== |
==Bilateral agreements== |
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Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as an Agreement on |
Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as an Agreement on Cinematographic and Touristic Cooperation (1974); Agreement on Economic, Industrial, Farming and Environmental Cooperation (1974); Agreement on Mining and Energy Cooperation (1974); Agreement on Oil and Petrochemical Cooperation (1974); Tourism Cooperation (1994); Agreement on Scientific and Technical Cooperation (1994); Agreement on Cooperation to Combat Illicit Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances and Related Crimes (1999); Agreement on Cultural, Youth and Sports Cooperation (1999) and an Agreement on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion (2001).<ref>[https://cja.sre.gob.mx/tratadosmexico/buscador?keywords=&category_id=&theme_id=&country_id=126&organization_id= Bilateral agreements between Mexico and Romania (in Spanish)]</ref> |
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==Trade== |
==Trade== |
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In 1997, Mexico and the [[European Union]] (which includes Romania who joined the union in 2007) signed a [[free trade agreement]]. In |
In 1997, Mexico and the [[European Union]] (which includes Romania who joined the union in 2007) signed a [[free trade agreement]]. In 2023, two-way trade between both nations amounted to US$709 million.<ref name=Trade>[https://www.economia.gob.mx/datamexico/en/profile/country/rumania Data México: Romania]</ref> Mexico's main exports to Romania include: building materials, automobile parts, paper, beer and tequila. Romania's main exports to Mexico include: cylinders, circuits, automobile parts and fiber optic cables.<ref name=Trade /> Mexican multinational companies [[ALFA (Mexico)|Grupo Alfa]], [[Grupo Bimbo]], [[Cemex]] and [[Sigma Alimentos]] (among others) operate in Romania.<ref>[https://www.lajornadamaya.mx/quintanaroo/217423/rumania-interesado-en-hacer-negocios-con-quintana-roo-razvan-pircalabescu Rumania, interesado en hacer negocios con QRoo: Razvan Pircalabescu (in Spanish)]</ref> Romanian gaming company, Amber, operates in Mexico.<ref>[https://www.romanianbusinessjournal.ro/romanian-company-amber-opens-a-new-game-development-studio-in-guadalajara-mexico/ Romanian company Amber opens a new game development studio in Guadalajara, Mexico]</ref> |
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[[File:Embajada de Rumania en Ciudad de México.jpg|thumb|right|Embassy of Romania in Mexico City]] |
[[File:Embajada de Rumania en Ciudad de México.jpg|thumb|right|Embassy of Romania in Mexico City]] |
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==Resident diplomatic missions== |
==Resident diplomatic missions== |
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* Mexico has an embassy in [[Bucharest]].<ref> |
* Mexico has an embassy in [[Bucharest]].<ref>[https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/rumania/ Embassy of Mexico in Bucharest]</ref> |
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* Romania has an embassy in [[Mexico City]].<ref> |
* Romania has an embassy in [[Mexico City]].<ref>[https://mexico.mae.ro/ Embassy of Romania in Mexico City]</ref> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
{{Reflist|30em}} |
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{{Foreign relations of Mexico}} |
{{Foreign relations of Mexico}} |
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Revision as of 05:12, 15 February 2024
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 Mexico |
 Romania |
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The nations of Mexico and Romania first established contact in 1880, however, diplomatic relations between both nations were officially established in 1935. Relations were severed during World War II and re-established in 1973 and have continued unabated since.[1]
Both nations are mutual members of the United Nations and the World Trade Organization.
History
Knowledge of Mexico in Romania goes back to the early sixteenth century when a series of manuscripts on pre-Columbian priests and cultures circulated in Romania.[2] In the seventeenth century, maize (originally a crop from Mexico) was introduced to Romania and in subsequent centuries, Romania would become one of the largest producers of the crop.[2] During the Second French intervention in Mexico, several Romanian soldiers participated with the French army sent by Napoleon III to assist Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico.[2]
The first official contact between Mexico and Romania was in April 1880 when Prince Carol I of Romania sent a letter to Mexican President Porfirio Díaz informing him of Romania's independence from the Ottoman Empire by the Treaty of Berlin in 1878.[1] Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Romania were officially established on 20 July 1935 in Paris between foreign ministers of both nations.[3]
In 1940, Romanian King Carol II abdicated his throne and went into exile, initially to Mexico. The former King was a guest of Mexican President Manuel Ávila Camacho and was invited to observe Mexico's Independence Day parade in September 1941.[4] On 24 December 1941, diplomatic relations were severed by Mexico when Romania joined the Axis Powers during World War II.[3]
In March 1973 diplomatic relations were re-established between both nations. Soon afterward, embassies were opened in both nations capitals respectively.[3] In September 1989, Mexico closed its embassy in Bucharest for financial reasons; however, the embassy was re-opened in 1995. In 1974, Romanian President Nicolae Ceaușescu became the first Romanian head of state to pay an official visit to Mexico.[5] Since the initial visit, there have been other high-level visits from Romania to Mexico, the latest in 2015 by Prime Minister Victor Ponta. To date, there have only been high-level visits from Mexican Foreign Ministers to Romania. In 2020, both nations celebrated 85 years of diplomatic relations.[6]
In February and March 2022, Mexico sent military transport planes to Romania to pick-up Mexican citizens, their Ukrainian family members and Latin-American citizens who resided and left Ukraine due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The Mexican government also donated humanitarian supplies to Ukrainian refugees in Romania.[7]
High-level visits
High-level visits from Mexico to Romania[8]
- Foreign Minister Jorge Castañeda y Álvarez de la Rosa (1979)
- Foreign Minister Rosario Green (1999)
High-level visits from Romania to Mexico[5][9][10]
- President Nicolae Ceaușescu (1974)
- President Emil Constantinescu (2000)
- President Ion Iliescu (2002)
- Prime Minister Victor Ponta (2015)
Bilateral agreements
Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as an Agreement on Cinematographic and Touristic Cooperation (1974); Agreement on Economic, Industrial, Farming and Environmental Cooperation (1974); Agreement on Mining and Energy Cooperation (1974); Agreement on Oil and Petrochemical Cooperation (1974); Tourism Cooperation (1994); Agreement on Scientific and Technical Cooperation (1994); Agreement on Cooperation to Combat Illicit Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances and Related Crimes (1999); Agreement on Cultural, Youth and Sports Cooperation (1999) and an Agreement on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion (2001).[11]
Trade
In 1997, Mexico and the European Union (which includes Romania who joined the union in 2007) signed a free trade agreement. In 2023, two-way trade between both nations amounted to US$709 million.[12] Mexico's main exports to Romania include: building materials, automobile parts, paper, beer and tequila. Romania's main exports to Mexico include: cylinders, circuits, automobile parts and fiber optic cables.[12] Mexican multinational companies Grupo Alfa, Grupo Bimbo, Cemex and Sigma Alimentos (among others) operate in Romania.[13] Romanian gaming company, Amber, operates in Mexico.[14]
Resident diplomatic missions
- Mexico has an embassy in Bucharest.[15]
- Romania has an embassy in Mexico City.[16]
See also
References
- ^ a b México - Rumania a lo largo de la historia (in Spanish)
- ^ a b c Luis Valdés-Ugalde, José; Tigau, Camelia. "Beyond Politics: Cultural Connections Among Mexico, Romania and Poland" (PDF). Retrieved 14 February 2024.
- ^ a b c "Historical diplomatic relations between Mexico and Romania" (PDF). Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores (in Spanish). 3 February 2003. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
- ^ Un refugiado de alcurnia: el Rey Carlo de Rumania - page 8 (in Spanish)
- ^ a b Intercambio comercial México-Rumania (in Spanish)
- ^ Celebran Rumania y México 85 años de relaciones diplomáticas (in Spanish)
- ^ Busca México rescatar a más mexicanos y latinoamericanos en Rumania (in Spanish)
- ^ "Relaţii politice (Political relations)". AMBASADA ROMÂNIEI în Statele Unite Mexicane (in Romanian). Retrieved 14 February 2024.
- ^ Arvizu Arrioja, Juan (21 July 2000). "Ganó México admiración, dice el presidente rumano (Mexico won admiration, says the Romanian president)". El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved 4 September 2021.
- ^ "Vicente Fox Quesada held a working meeting with the president of Romania, Ion Iliescu". México - Presidencia de la República (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2014-09-16. Retrieved 2013-06-10.
- ^ Bilateral agreements between Mexico and Romania (in Spanish)
- ^ a b Data México: Romania
- ^ Rumania, interesado en hacer negocios con QRoo: Razvan Pircalabescu (in Spanish)
- ^ Romanian company Amber opens a new game development studio in Guadalajara, Mexico
- ^ Embassy of Mexico in Bucharest
- ^ Embassy of Romania in Mexico City
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