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|name= M53
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|image= Moteur M53-P2.JPG
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The '''SNECMA M53''' is an [[Afterburner (engine)|afterburning]] [[turbofan]] engine developed for the [[Dassault Mirage 2000]] fighter by [[Snecma]]. The engine is in service with different air forces, including the latest Mirage 2000-5 and 2000-9 multirole fighters.
The '''SNECMA M53''' is an [[Afterburner|afterburning]] [[turbofan]] engine developed for the [[Dassault Mirage 2000]] fighter by [[Snecma]]. The engine is in service with different air forces, including the latest Mirage 2000-5 and 2000-9 multirole fighters.


==Design and development==
==Design and development==
The engine was derived from the Atar series by adding a bypass duct aft of the 3rd compressor stage. The first 3 stages were enlarged to give an LP and HP section on the same shaft. It is a single shaft turbofan, or continuous bleed/bypass turbojet.<ref name="janes">{{Cite book |last=Jane |first=Frederick T. |title=Jane's All The World's Aircraft, 1975-1976 |publisher=Franklin Watts Inc. |year=1975 |isbn=0-531 03250 7 |editor-last=Taylor |editor-first=John W. R. |location=New York |pages=691}}</ref> It was originally called the Super Atar 9K50 and was designed for sustained flight at Mach 2.5.<ref name="Flight 1973-11-22">{{Cite magazine |date=1973-11-22 |title=Engines |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1973/1973%2520-%25202846.html?search=snecma |magazine=Flight International |page=863 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230032452/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1973/1973%2520-%25202846.html?search=snecma |archive-date=2018-12-30 |access-date=2021-05-30}}</ref> Flight testing started in July 1973 using a Caravelle flying test-bed and the engine first went supersonic in a Mirage F.1 test bed at the end of 1974.<ref name="Flight 1976-11-27">{{Cite magazine |date=1976-11-27 |title=France's Aircraft Industry |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1976/1976-2802.html?search=snecma |magazine=Flight International |page=1599 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230032458/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1976/1976%20-%202802.html?search=snecma |archive-date=2018-12-30 |access-date=2021-05-30}}</ref>
⚫
[[File:Tuyère Mirage 2000B.jpg|thumb|Nozale of an M53 installed in a [[Dassault Mirage 2000|Mirage 2000B]]]]

Although an entirely new design, the M53 is very similar in concept with the previous family of SNECMA military engines, the [[SNECMA Atar|ATAR]] 9C and 9K, in that it has a single shaft driving both the fan and the high pressure compressor. Although this made it rather “dated” in comparison to other engines of the same generation, this gave the M53 some very desirable traits for a military engine. It allows for carefree operation, whereas a two-spool engine of the same generation required much more care during its operation; this is ironic in that 2-spool turbofans were originally invented to avoid the problems that single stage fans encountered during abrupt throttle movements. When one compressor section stalls on a single-spool fan, it directly effects the entire spool. When one compressor stalls in a 2-spool type, the remaining compressor and turbine continue to function independently, maintaining partial thrust and making it easier to get the stalled compressor working again, without relying on "windmilling" to ensure the engine will start. The M53's maintenance is vastly simplified, being of modular construction (subassemblies or modules do not require calibration when exchanged), and engine parts are changed “on condition”, that is, they do not expire after a given amount of hours of operation or time since installed, but rather on the general condition of the part or subassembly at the moment of inspection, which cuts down on maintenance costs. It is a simple engine in general, having no variable stators and less moving parts, it is reliable and pilot friendly, free of operational restrictions (extremely important in combat). However, it is the only known single-spool turbofan extant as of 2013, and its manufacturer transitioned to a more "conventional" two-spool design in subsequent engines, such as the [[Snecma M88]].
The engine was designed to have better performance than the latest Atar engines but simpler and less costly than the SNECMA TF 306 turbofan.<ref name=janes/> The fan and HP compressor on the same shaft gave an engine with no restrictions on throttle movements, known as 'carefree handling', during flight.<ref>The Development Of Jet And Turbine Engines, Bill Gunston, Hayne's Publishing 2006, {{ISBN|0 7509 4477 3}}, p.179</ref>
The engine has a modular construction, first introduced on the [[Napier Eland]] turboprop and then later in a big way with the [[Pratt & Whitney JT9D]] engine.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1973/1973%20-%200265.html?search=snecma |title=Archived copy |website=www.flightglobal.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230032444/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1973/1973%20-%200265.html?search=snecma |archive-date=30 December 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Modular construction allows sub-assemblies or modules to be changed without the need for full power testing of the engine after replacement.
Modules are changed “on condition”<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1967/1967%20-%202161.html |title=Archived copy |website=www.flightglobal.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230032426/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1967/1967%20-%202161.html |archive-date=30 December 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> by monitoring deteriorating trends in performance and mechanical measurements, such as exhaust gas temperature and oil samples, and by visually assessing blade clearances and high temperature distress on internal parts using borescopes.

The engine is in service in 8 different air forces, powering the whole Mirage 2000 family of airplanes, including the latest Mirage 2000-5 and 2000-9 multirole fighters.

==Variants==
==Variants==
⚫
[[File:Tuyère Mirage 2000B.jpg|thumb|Nozzle of an M53 installed in a [[Dassault Mirage 2000|Mirage 2000B]]]]
* '''M53-5''' - powered initial [[Mirage 2000]]C models <ref>http://www.vectorsite.net/avmir2k.html</ref>
* '''M53-5''' - powered initial [[Mirage 2000]]C models <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=The Dassault Mirage 2000 & 4000 |url=https://airvectors.net/avmir2k.html |website=airvectors.net}}</ref>
** Dry thrust: 54.0&nbsp;kN (5,500 kgp / 12,230&nbsp;lbf)
** Dry thrust: 54.0&nbsp;kN (5,500 kgp / 12,230&nbsp;lbf)
** Afterburning thrust: 86.3&nbsp;kN (8,800 kgp / 19,400&nbsp;lbf)
** Afterburning thrust: 86.3&nbsp;kN (8,800 kgp / 19,400&nbsp;lbf)
⚫
* '''M53-P2''' - powered later [[Mirage 2000]]C models and used to upgrade earlier models <ref name="auto" />

⚫
* '''M53-P2''' - powered later [[Mirage 2000]]C models and used to upgrade earlier models <ref>http://www.vectorsite.net/avmir2k.html</ref>
** Dry thrust: 64.7&nbsp;kN (6,600 kgp / 14,500&nbsp;lbf)
** Dry thrust: 64.7&nbsp;kN (6,600 kgp / 14,500&nbsp;lbf)
** Afterburning thrust: 95.1&nbsp;kN (9,700 kgp / 21,400&nbsp;lbf)
** Afterburning thrust: 95.1&nbsp;kN (9,700 kgp / 21,400&nbsp;lbf)
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==Specifications (M53-P2)==
==Specifications (M53-P2)==
[[File:M53-P2 (Modules 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-11-12).jpg|thumb|400px|Modules of M53 engine]]
{{jetspecs
{{jetspecs
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|oilsystem=
|oilsystem=
|power=
|power=
|thrust=<br>
|thrust=<br />
*64 kN (14,300 lbf) military thrust
**64 kN (14,300 lbf) military thrust
*95 kN (21,384 lbf) with afterburner
**95 kN (21,384 lbf) with afterburner
|compression=9.8:1
|compression=9.8:1
|bypass=0.36:1
|bypass=0.36:1
|aircon=
|aircon=92 kg/s
|turbinetemp=
|turbinetemp=1 327 °C
|fuelcon=
|fuelcon=
|specfuelcon=<br/>
|specfuelcon=<br />
*0.90(kg/daN.h) Dry engine thrust
**0.90(kg/daN.h) military thrust
*2.10(kg/daN.h) military thrust
**2.10(kg/daN.h) maximum afterburner
|thrust/weight= 6.5
|thrust/weight= 6.5
}}
}}
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==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Snecma M53}}
{{Commons category|Snecma M53}}
* [http://www.snecma.com/spip.php?article116&var_recherche=M53 Manufacturer website]
* [http://www.snecma.com/military-engines/training-and-combat-aircraft/m53 Manufacturer website]
* [http://www.snecma.com/IMG/pdf/M53-P2_ang-2.pdf Manufacturer Specification sheet (pdf)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101009014438/http://www.snecma.com/IMG/pdf/M53-P2_ang-2.pdf Manufacturer Specification sheet (pdf)]


{{Snecma aeroengines}}
{{Snecma aeroengines}}
{{Aviation lists}}


[[Category:Low-bypass turbofan engines]]
[[Category:Low-bypass turbofan engines]]
[[Category:Turbofan engines 1970–1979]]
[[Category:1970s turbofan engines]]
[[Category:Snecma aircraft engines|M53]]
[[Category:Snecma aircraft engines|M53]]

Latest revision as of 18:11, 12 January 2022

M53
Type Turbofan
National origin France
Manufacturer Snecma
Major applications Dassault Mirage 2000

The SNECMA M53 is an afterburning turbofan engine developed for the Dassault Mirage 2000 fighter by Snecma. The engine is in service with different air forces, including the latest Mirage 2000-5 and 2000-9 multirole fighters.

Design and development

[edit]

The engine was derived from the Atar series by adding a bypass duct aft of the 3rd compressor stage. The first 3 stages were enlarged to give an LP and HP section on the same shaft. It is a single shaft turbofan, or continuous bleed/bypass turbojet.[1] It was originally called the Super Atar 9K50 and was designed for sustained flight at Mach 2.5.[2] Flight testing started in July 1973 using a Caravelle flying test-bed and the engine first went supersonic in a Mirage F.1 test bed at the end of 1974.[3]

The engine was designed to have better performance than the latest Atar engines but simpler and less costly than the SNECMA TF 306 turbofan.[1] The fan and HP compressor on the same shaft gave an engine with no restrictions on throttle movements, known as 'carefree handling', during flight.[4]

The engine has a modular construction, first introduced on the Napier Eland turboprop and then later in a big way with the Pratt & Whitney JT9D engine.[5] Modular construction allows sub-assemblies or modules to be changed without the need for full power testing of the engine after replacement. Modules are changed “on condition”[6] by monitoring deteriorating trends in performance and mechanical measurements, such as exhaust gas temperature and oil samples, and by visually assessing blade clearances and high temperature distress on internal parts using borescopes.

The engine is in service in 8 different air forces, powering the whole Mirage 2000 family of airplanes, including the latest Mirage 2000-5 and 2000-9 multirole fighters.

Variants

[edit]
Nozzle of an M53 installed in a Mirage 2000B
  • M53-5 - powered initial Mirage 2000C models [7]
    • Dry thrust: 54.0 kN (5,500 kgp / 12,230 lbf)
    • Afterburning thrust: 86.3 kN (8,800 kgp / 19,400 lbf)
  • M53-P2 - powered later Mirage 2000C models and used to upgrade earlier models [7]
    • Dry thrust: 64.7 kN (6,600 kgp / 14,500 lbf)
    • Afterburning thrust: 95.1 kN (9,700 kgp / 21,400 lbf)

Applications

[edit]

Specifications (M53-P2)

[edit]
Modules of M53 engine

General characteristics

  • Type: Afterburning single-shaft turbofan
  • Length: 5,070 mm (199.60 in)
  • Diameter: 796 mm (31.33 in) inlet
  • Dry weight: 1,515 kg (3,340 lb)

Components

  • Compressor: 8-stage axial compressor
  • Combustors: annular
  • Turbine: 2-stage axial turbine

Performance

See also

[edit]

Related lists

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Jane, Frederick T. (1975). Taylor, John W. R. (ed.). Jane's All The World's Aircraft, 1975-1976. New York: Franklin Watts Inc. p. 691. ISBN 0-531 03250 7.
  2. ^ "Engines". Flight International. 1973-11-22. p. 863. Archived from the original on 2018-12-30. Retrieved 2021-05-30.
  3. ^ "France's Aircraft Industry". Flight International. 1976-11-27. p. 1599. Archived from the original on 2018-12-30. Retrieved 2021-05-30.
  4. ^ The Development Of Jet And Turbine Engines, Bill Gunston, Hayne's Publishing 2006, ISBN 0 7509 4477 3, p.179
  5. ^ "Archived copy". www.flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on 30 December 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. ^ "Archived copy". www.flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on 30 December 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. ^ a b "The Dassault Mirage 2000 & 4000". airvectors.net.
[edit]
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