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{{About|one of several different Cape Government Railways locomotive types to be designated "6th Class"|the others|Cape Government Railways 6th Class locomotives}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2013}}
{{Use South African English|date=November 2013}}
{{Infobox locomotive
{{Infobox locomotive
| name = South African Class 6H 4-6-0
| name = CGR 6th Class 4-6-0 1901 Neilson Reid<br>South African Class 6H 4-6-0
| powertype = Steam
| image = Class 6H 629 (4-6-0) ex CGR 607-547.jpg
| image = Class 6H 629 (4-6-0) ex CGR 607-547.jpg
| alt =
| alt =
| caption = CGR 6th Class no. 607, then no. 547, SAR Class 6H no. 629, at Midlandia Loco, Noupoort
| imagesize =
| caption = Ex CGR Class 6 607, renumbered CGR 547 and later SAR Class 6H 629, at Midlandia Loco, Noupoort
| hatnote =
| hatnote =
| designer = [[Cape Government Railways]]
| powertype = Steam
| designer = [[Cape Government Railways]]<br>(H.M. Beatty)
| builder = [[Neilson and Company#Turn of the century|Neilson, Reid & Company]]
| builder = [[Neilson and Company#Turn of the 20th century|Neilson, Reid and Company]]
| ordernumber =
| ordernumber =
| serialnumber = 5871-5891
| serialnumber = 5871-5891
| buildmodel = CGR Class 6
| buildmodel = CGR 6th Class
| builddate = 1901<ref name="Holland 1">{{Template:Holland-Vol 1|pages=48, 56}}</ref>
| builddate = 1901
| totalproduction = 21
| totalproduction = 21
| rebuilder =
| rebuilder =
| rebuilddate =
| rebuilddate =
| numberrebuilt =
| numberrebuilt =
| whytetype = [[4-6-0]] “Ten-wheeler” (USA)
| whytetype = [[4-6-0]] (Tenwheeler)
| aarwheels =
| uicclass = 2'Cn2
| uicclass =
| driver = 2nd coupled axle
| gauge = {{RailGauge|cape|al=on}}
| gauge = {{Track gauge|Cape|allk=on}}
| leadingdiameter = {{convert|28.5|in|mm|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}
| leadingdiameter = {{convert|28+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| driverdiameter = {{convert|54|in|mm|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}
| coupleddiameter = {{convert|54|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| trailingdiameter =
| trailingdiameter =
| tenderdiameter = {{convert|33+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} as built<br>{{convert|34|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} retyred
| minimumcurve =
| minimumcurve =
| wheelbase = Engine {{convert|20|ft|8|in|m|3|abbr=on}}<br>With tender {{convert|45|ft|8.5|in|m|3|abbr=on}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|45|ft|8+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| engine total = {{convert|20|ft|8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|52|ft|11.75|in|m|3|abbr=on}}
| leading = {{convert|5|ft|6|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| coupled = {{convert|11|ft|4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| trailing =
| tender total = {{convert|14|ft|7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| tenderbogie = {{convert|4|ft|7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| pivotcentres =
| wheelspacing = '''1-2:''' {{convert|4|ft|9|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br>'''2-3:''' {{convert|6|ft|7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| length =
| over couplers = {{convert|52|ft|11+3/4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| over bufferbeams =
| width =
| width =
| height = {{convert|12|ft|10|in|m|3|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|12|ft|10|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| framesize = Plate frame
| frametype = [[Locomotive frame#Plate frames|Plate]]
| axleload = {{convert|12.55|LT|t|abbr=on}} on each driver
| axleload = {{convert|12|lt|11|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| weightondrivers = {{convert|37.65|LT|t|abbr=on}}
| leadingbogie/pony= {{convert|11|lt|14|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| locoweight = {{convert|48.35|LT|t|abbr=on}}
| coupled all = {{convert|12|lt|11|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| tenderweight =
| coupled 1 =
| coupled 2 =
| locotenderweight = {{convert|91.4|LT|t|abbr=on}}
| coupled 3 =
| tendertype = '''XF''' - XC, XC1, XD, XE, XE1, XF, XF1, XF2, XJ, XM, XM1, XN2, XM3, XM4, XP1, XS permitted
| coupled 4 =
| coupled 5 =
| coupled 6 =
| coupled 7 =
| coupled 8 =
| trail bogie/pony =
| tenderbogieload = '''Bogie 1:''' {{convert|16|lt|15|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}<br>'''Bogie 2:''' {{convert|17|lt|8|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| tenderaxle = {{convert|8|lt|14|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| weightondrivers = {{convert|37|lt|13|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| locoweight = {{convert|49|lt|7|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| tenderweight = {{convert|34|lt|3|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| locotenderweight = {{convert|83|lt|10|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}
| tendertype = [[South African type XD tender|XD (2-axle bogies)]]<br>[[South African type XC tender|XC]], [[South African type XC1 tender|XC1]], XD, [[South African type XE tender|XE]], [[South African type XE1 tender|XE1]], [[South African type XF tender|XF]], [[South African type XF1 tender|XF1]], [[South African type XF2 tender|XF2]], [[South African type XJ tender|XJ]], [[South African type XM tender|XM]], [[South African type XM1 tender|XM1]], [[South African type XM2 tender|XM2]], [[South African type XM3 tender|XM3]], [[South African type XM4 tender|XM4]], [[South African type XP1 tender|XP1]], [[South African type XS tender|XS]] permitted
| fueltype = Coal
| fueltype = Coal
| fuelcap =
| fuelcap = {{convert|5|lt|10|lcwt|t|1|abbr=on}}
| lubecap =
| watercap = {{convert|2730|impgal|L|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}
| coolantcap =
| watercap =
| tendercap =
| tendercap =
| sandcap =
| sandcap =
| consumption =
| fireboxtype = Round-top
| watercons =
| firearea = {{convert|18|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
| electricsystem =
| boiler =
| collectionmethod =
| boilertype =
| pitch = {{convert|6|ft|10|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| primemover =
| diameterinside = {{convert|4|ft|6|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| rpmrange =
| lengthinside = {{convert|11|ft|2+1/8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| enginetype =
| smalltubediameter= '''185:''' {{convert|1+7/8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| aspiration =
| largetubediameter=
| displacement =
| boilerpressure = {{convert|180|psi|kPa|0|abbr=on}}<br>{{convert|170|psi|kPa|0|abbr=on}} adjusted
| alternator =
| safetyvalvetype = [[Safety valve#Ramsbottom safety valves|Ramsbottom]]
| generator =
| tractionmotors =
| boiler = {{convert|4|ft|6|in|m|3|abbr=on}} int dia<br>{{convert|11|ft|2|in|m|3|abbr=on}} int length
| boilerpressure = {{convert|180|psi|kPa|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}
| feedwaterheater =
| feedwaterheater =
| firearea = {{convert|18|ft2|m2|3|abbr=on}}
| totalsurface = {{convert|1130|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
| tubearea = 188 tubes {{convert|1.875|in|mm|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} ext dia<br>{{convert|1015|ft2|m2|3|abbr=on}}
| tubearea = {{convert|1015|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
| fluearea =
| fluearea =
| tubesandflues =
| tubesandflues =
| fireboxarea = {{convert|115|ft2|m2|3|abbr=on}}
| fireboxarea = {{convert|115|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
| totalsurface = {{convert|1130|ft2|m2|3|abbr=on}}
| superheatertype =
| superheatertype =
| superheaterarea =
| superheaterarea =
| cylindercount = Two
| cylindercount = Two
| cylindersize = {{convert|17|in|mm|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} bore<br>{{convert|26|in|mm|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} stroke
| cylindersize = {{convert|17|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} bore<br>{{convert|26|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} stroke
| frontcylindersize=
| frontcylindersize=
| rearcylindersize =
| rearcylindersize =
Line 78: Line 98:
| valvelead =
| valvelead =
| transmission =
| transmission =
| multipleworking =
| topspeed =
| poweroutput =
| tractiveeffort = At 75% boiler pressure:<br>{{convert|18780|lbf|kN|3|abbr=on}} at {{convert|180|psi|kPa|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}<br>{{convert|17740|lbf|kN|3|abbr=on}} at {{convert|170|psi|kPa|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}<ref name="diagram-book"/>
| factorofadhesion =
| trainheating =
| trainheating =
| locobrakes =
| locobrakes =
| locobrakeforce =
| trainbrakes =
| trainbrakes =
| safety =
| safety =
| railroad = [[Cape Government Railways]]<br>[[South African Railways]]
| coupling = [[Railway coupling#Johnston coupler|Johnston link-and-pin]]<br>[[Janney coupler|AAR knuckle]] (1930s)
| railroadclass = CGR Class 6, SAR Class 6H
| maxspeed =
| poweroutput =
| tractiveeffort = {{convert|18780|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} @ 75%<br>{{convert|17740|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} adjusted
| factorofadhesion =
| locobrakeforce =
| operator = Cape Government Railways<br>[[South African Railways]]
| operatorclass = CGR 6th Class, SAR Class 6H
| powerclass =
| powerclass =
| numinclass = 21
| numinclass = 21
| roadnumber = CGR 278-286 &<br>601-612 renumbered 541-552<br>SAR 614-634<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="Holland 2">{{Template:Holland-Vol 2|page=138}}</ref>
| fleetnumbers = CGR 278-286, 601-612 (541-552)<br>SAR 614-634
| officialname =
| officialname =
| nicknames =
| nicknames =
Line 100: Line 120:
| firstrundate = 1901
| firstrundate = 1901
| lastrundate =
| lastrundate =
| retiredate =
| withdrawndate =
| withdrawndate = 1973<ref name="Paxton-Bourne">{{Template:Paxton-Bourne|pages=41-43}}</ref>
| preservedunits =
| preservedunits =
| restoredate =
| restoredate =
| scrapdate =
| scrapdate =
| currentowner =
| currentowner =
| disposition = Retired
| disposition =
| notes =
| notes =
}}{{Infobox locomotive
| name = Type XF Tender
| builddate = 1901-1912<ref name="diagram-book"/>
| bogies = {{convert|4|ft|7|in|m|3|abbr=on}} wheelbase, 2 axle
| wheeldiameter = {{convert|34|in|mm|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|14|ft|7|in|m|3|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|22|ft|2.5|in|m|3|abbr=on}}
| width =
| height =
| axleload = {{convert|10.08|LT|t|3|abbr=on}} each
| tenderweight = {{convert|44032|lb|t|abbr=on}} empty<br>{{convert|43.05|LT|t|abbr=on}} w/o
| tendertype =
| fuelcap = {{convert|10|LT|t|abbr=on}}
| watercap = {{convert|3000|impgal|l|abbr=on}}
}}
}}


The '''South African Railways Class 6H {{nowrap|4-6-0}}''' of 1901 was a steam locomotive from the pre-[[Union of South Africa|Union]] era in the [[Cape Colony|Cape of Good Hope]].
In 1901 twenty-one Class 6 [[4-6-0]] [[steam locomotive]]s were placed in service by the [[Cape Government Railways]], built to the older Class 6 designs with plate frames. In 1912, when they were assimilated into the South African Railways, later renamed Spoornet and then [[Transnet Freight Rail]], they were renumbered and reclassified to '''Class 6H'''.<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/>

In 1901, 21 6th Class [[4-6-0]] [[steam locomotive]]s were placed in service by the [[Cape Government Railways]], built to the older 6th Class designs with plate frames. In 1912, when they were assimilated into the South African Railways, they were renumbered and designated {{nowrap|Class 6H}}.<ref name="Holland 1">{{Holland-Vol 1|pages=48-49, 56}}</ref><ref name="SAR Renumber">Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists, issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer's Office, Pretoria, January 1912, pp. 8, 12, 14, 32-33 (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000)</ref><ref name="Paxton-Bourne">{{Paxton-Bourne|pages=41-43}}</ref>


==Manufacturer==
==Manufacturer==
The Class 6 was designed at the Salt River works of the Cape Government Railways (CGR) at the same time as the [[South African Class 7 4-8-0|Class 7]]. Whereas the Class 7 was conceived primarily as a goods locomotive, the Class 6 was intended to be its fast passenger service counterpart.<ref name="Holland 1"/>
The original [[South African Class 6 4-6-0|Cape 6th Class]] locomotive was designed at the Salt River works of the Cape Government Railways (CGR), at the same time as the [[South African Class 7 4-8-0|7th Class]].<ref name="Holland 1"/>


[[File:H.M. Beatty.jpg|thumb|left|150px|H.M. Beatty]]
These twenty-one Class 6 locomotives that were placed in service by the CGR in 1901 were built by [[Neilson and Company#Turn of the century|Neilson, Reid and Company]]. With these locomotives, CGR Chief Locomotive Superintendent H.M. Beatty kept to the older plate frame design, but fitted the larger type of cab. These locomotives also reverted to the {{convert|17|in|mm|abbr=off|sigfig=3}} diameter cylinders that were used on all previous Class 6 locomotives with the exception of the [[South African Class 6G 4-6-0|Class 6G]]. Another similarity to the early Class 6 locomotives was the visually obvious distinguishing feature of lower running boards with driving wheel fairings.<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="diagram-book"/>
Three new versions of the 6th Class locomotive entered service on the CGR in 1901, two American-built and one British-built. The British version was built by [[Neilson and Company#Turn of the 20th century|Neilson, Reid and Company]], who delivered 21 engines. With these locomotives, CGR Chief Locomotive Superintendent H.M. Beatty kept to the older plate frame design, but fitted the larger type of cab. These locomotives were also equipped with the {{convert|17|in|mm|0|abbr=off}} diameter cylinders which had been used on all previous 6th Class locomotives with the exception of the [[South African Class 6G 4-6-0|Class 6G]]. Another similarity to the early 6th Class locomotives was their lower running boards with fairings or splashers over the coupled wheels.<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="Diagram-book 1">South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941). ''Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte''. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. p. 43.</ref><ref name="Diagram-book 2">South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941). ''Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 2'0" & 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte, Steam Locomotives/Stoomlokomotiewe''. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. pp. 6-7, 41, 43.</ref>


Nine of them were numbered 278 to 286 and allocated to the Western System. The other twelve were numbered 601 to 612 for the Midland System, but later renumbered 541 to 552.<ref name="Holland 1"/>
Upon delivery, nine of them were numbered in the range from 278 to 286 and allocated to the Western System of the CGR. The other twelve were numbered in the range from 601 to 612 for the Midland System, but later renumbered in the range from 541 to 552.<ref name="Holland 1"/>


==Drummond tubes==
==Drummond tubes==
One of these twenty-one locomotives, the Western System’s number 286, was an experimental engine equipped with [[Dugald Drummond|Drummond]] water tubes in the firebox and a very large panelled cab. Drummond tubes involved the installation of cross-water tubes in the firebox, as featured on the [[London and South Western Railway]]’s [[LSWR T9 class|T9 Class]] and [[LSWR L11 class|L11 Class]], in an attempt to increase the heat surface area of the water, albeit at the cost of increased boiler complexity. On the as built CGR 286 visual exterior evidence of the presence of Drummond tubes was the rectangular covers attached to the sides of the boiler just ahead of the cab.<ref name="Holland 1"/>
One of these locomotives, the Western System's no. 286, was an experimental locomotive, equipped with [[Dugald Drummond|Drummond]] water tubes in the firebox and a very large panelled cab. Drummond tubes involved the installation of cross-water tubes in the firebox, as featured on the [[London and South Western Railway]]'s [[LSWR T9 class|T9 Class]] and [[LSWR L11 class|L11 Class]], in an attempt to increase the heating surface area of the water, albeit at the cost of increased boiler complexity. On CGR no. 286, as built, visible exterior evidence of the presence of Drummond tubes was rectangular covers attached to the sides of the firebox just ahead of the cab.<ref name="Holland 1"/>


In service, it was found that the tubes did not affect the steaming capacity of the boiler to any significant extent. Instead, the tubes were inclined to leak and were difficult to maintain. It was therefore not long before the tubes were removed, and at the same time the cab was changed to the standard type employed on the other twenty locomotives.<ref name="Holland 1"/>
In service, it was found that the tubes did not affect the steaming capacity of the boiler to any significant extent. Instead, the tubes were inclined to leak and were difficult to maintain. It was therefore not long before the tubes were removed. At the same time, the cab was changed to the standard type, as used on the other twenty locomotives.<ref name="Holland 1"/>


==Class 6 sub-classes==
==Class 6 sub-classes==
When the [[Union of South Africa]] was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (CGR, [[Natal Government Railways]] and [[Central South African Railways]]) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways were only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.<ref name="SAR Renumber"/><ref name="SAR History">''The South African Railways - Historical Survey''. Editor George Hart, Publisher Bill Hart, Sponsored by Dorbyl Ltd., Published c. 1978, p. 25.</ref>
When these locomotives were assimilated into the newly established South African Railways (SAR) in 1912, they were renumbered 614 to 634 and reclassified to '''Class 6H'''. The rest of the CGR’s Class 6 locomotives, together with Class 6 locomotives that were inherited from the ''Oranje-Vrijstaat Gouwermentspoorwegen'' (OVGS) via the Imperial Military Railways (IMR) and the Central South African Railways (CSAR), as well as the CSAR’s own Classes 6-L1 to 6-L3, were grouped into thirteen more sub-classes by the SAR, the 4-6-0 locomotives becoming SAR Classes 6, 6A to 6G and 6J to 6L, the 2-6-2 locomotives becoming Class 6Y and the 2-6-4 locomotives becoming Class 6Z.<ref name="diagram-book">South African Railways and Harbours Locomotive Diagram Book, 2’0” & 3’6” Gauge Steam Locomotives, 15 August 1941, as amended</ref><ref name="Holland 2"/>

[[File:Class 6H no. 622 ID.jpg|thumb|left|x100px]]
When these locomotives were assimilated into the South African Railways (SAR) in 1912, they were renumbered in the range from 614 to 634 and designated {{nowrap|Class 6H}}.<ref name="SAR Renumber"/><ref name="Diagram-book 1"/><ref name="Diagram-book 2"/><ref name="Holland 2">{{Holland-Vol 2|page=138}}</ref>

The rest of the CGR's 6th Class locomotives, together with the Central South African Railways (CSAR) Classes 6-L1 to 6-L3 locomotives which had been inherited from the ''Oranje-Vrijstaat Gouwerment-Spoorwegen'' (OVGS) via the Imperial Military Railways (IMR), were grouped into thirteen more sub-classes by the SAR. The {{nowrap|4-6-0}} locomotives became SAR Classes 6, 6A to 6G and 6J to 6L, the {{nowrap|2-6-2}} locomotives became Class 6Y and the {{nowrap|2-6-4}} locomotives became {{nowrap|Class 6Z}}.<ref name="SAR Renumber"/><ref name="Diagram-book 1"/><ref name="Diagram-book 2"/><ref name="Holland 2"/>


==Service==
==Service==
The Class 6 series of locomotives were introduced primarily as passenger engines, but when the class became displaced by larger and more powerful locomotive classes, it literally became a “Jack-of-all-trades” that proved itself as one of the most useful and successful locomotive classes ever to be designed at the Salt River shops. It went on to see service in all parts of the country except Natal and was used on all types of traffic.<ref name="Holland 1"/>
The Class 6 family of locomotives were introduced primarily as passenger locomotives, but when the class became displaced by larger and more powerful locomotive classes, it literally became a Jack-of-all-trades. It went on to see service in all parts of the country, except in Natal, and was used on all types of traffic.<ref name="Holland 1"/>


After the [[Simon's Town]] line in [[Cape Town]] was electrified in 1928, Class 6H engines that used to haul commuters on this line became dock shunting engines in Table Bay Harbour. This continued until they were gradually replaced by new [[South African Class S2 0-8-0|Class S2 0-8-0]] shunting engines from 1952.<ref name="Soul of a Railway 1-16">[https://sites.google.com/site/soulorailway/home/system-1/part-16---table-bay-harbour Soul of A Railway, System 1, Part 16: Table Bay Harbour © Les Pivnic. Caption 109, 117, 119.] (Accessed on 30 June 2017)</ref>
In Cape Town they held a monopoly over the suburban services until electrification arrived in 1928, and on the Reef they also worked these services between Randfontein and Springs until the loads became too heavy for them. They were employed on branch lines all over the country, Natal excluded, and practically every big station and many smaller ones had its quota of these locomotives to work the local passenger, goods and shunting services.<ref name="Holland 1"/>


==Renumbering==
Like the Class 7, the Class 6 family gave good service for many years. By the time the last ones were retired in 1973, the Class 6 series had achieved a service life of eighty years, a performance that can be matched by few, if any, other locomotive classes world wide.<ref name="Holland 1"/>
The table lists the Class 6H works numbers and renumbering.<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="SAR Renumber"/><ref name="Holland 2"/>

==Renumberings==
The table shows the Class 6H works numbers and renumberings.<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="Holland 2"/>
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed sortable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:100%;"
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed sortable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:100%;"
|+'''Class 6H 4-6-0<br>Works Numbers & Renumbering'''
|+'''Class 6H 4-6-0<br>Works Numbers & Renumbering'''
|-
|-
! Works<br>no
! <br>Works no.
! CGR<br>no<br>
! CGR<br>no.
! CGR<br>Renumber<br>
! CGR<br>Renumber
! SAR<br>no<br>
! SAR<br>no.
|-
|-
|5883
|5883
Line 266: Line 277:


==Commemoration==
==Commemoration==
[[File:RSA SACC 547 1983-04-27 25c Class 6H 627.jpg|right|thumb|SAR Class 6H 627]]A 25c postage stamp depicting a Class 6H locomotive was one of a set of four commemorative [[postage stamps]] that were issued by the South African Post Office on 27 April 1983, to commemorate the steam locomotives of South Africa that were rapidly being withdrawn from service at the time. The artwork and stamp design was by the noted stamp designer and artist Hein Botha.<ref name="Philbullet">Philatelic Bulletin 176, issued by Philatelic Services and INTERSAPA, 1983</ref>
A 25c postage stamp which depicted a Class 6H locomotive was one of a set of four commemorative [[postage stamps]] which were issued by the South African Post Office on 27 April 1983 to commemorate the steam locomotives of South Africa, which were rapidly being withdrawn from service at the time. The artwork and stamp design was by the noted stamp designer and artist Hein Botha.<ref name="Philbullet">Philatelic Bulletin 176, issued by Philatelic Services and INTERSAPA, 1983</ref>


The particular locomotive depicted is ex CGR (Midland System) Class 6 605, renumbered to CGR 545 and later SAR Class 6H 627, that was withdrawn from service in 1971 and plinthed at the Mafikeng Museum in 1972. The outline of a traditional SAR locomotive number plate was used as a commemorative cancellation for De Aar on the date of release.<ref name="Philbullet"/><ref>[http://steam-locomotives-south-africa.blogspot.com/2008/07/mafikeng-museum-sar-class-6h-steam.html Mafikeng Museum]</ref>
The particular locomotive depicted was ex CGR (Midland System) 6th Class no. 605, renumbered to CGR no. 545 and later SAR Class 6H no. 627, which was withdrawn from service in 1971 and plinthed at the Mafikeng Museum in 1972. The outline of a traditional SAR locomotive number plate was used on the date of release as a commemorative cancellation for De Aar.<ref name="Philbullet"/><ref>[http://steam-locomotives-south-africa.blogspot.com/2008/07/mafikeng-museum-sar-class-6h-steam.html Old STEAM LOCOMOTIVES in South Africa - Mafikeng Museum: SAR Class 6H Steam Locomotive] (Accessed on 17 November 2016)</ref>


==Gallery==
==Illustration==
The main picture shows ex CGR (Midland System) Class 6 607, renumbered to CGR 547 and later SAR Class 6H 629, at Midlandia locomotive depot at Noupoort on 1 May 1967.
The main picture and the following show the differences in appearance of the Class 6H during its service life, with different cabs, headlights and cowcatcher designs.
<gallery mode=packed heights="200px">
<center>
File:CGR 6th Class no. 286 Drummond.jpg|CGR Western System no. 286, as built, with Drummond tubes and large cab
{|
|[[File: SAR Class 6H 631 (4-6-0) ex CGR 609-549.jpg|thumb|x170px|Ex CGR (Midland System) Class 6 609, renumbered to CGR 549 and later SAR Class 6H 631, with large headlight, in Cape Town]]
File:SAR Class 6H 631 (4-6-0) ex CGR 609-549.jpg|Ex CGR Midland System 6th Class no. 609, renumbered to CGR no. 549 and later SAR Class 6H no. 631, with a large headlight
|[[File:SAR Class 6H 631 (4-6-0) CGR 609 CGR 549.jpg|thumb|x170px|SAR Class 6H 631, ex CGR (Midland System) Class 6 609, later renumbered to CGR 549, with smaller round headlight and no cowcatcher, in Cape Town]]
File:SAR Class 6H 631 (4-6-0) CGR 609 CGR 549.jpg|SAR Class 6H no. 631, ex CGR Midland System 6th Class no. 609, later renumbered to CGR no. 549, with a smaller round paraffin headlight and without a cowcatcher
</gallery>
|}
</center>

==See also==
* [[South African Class 6 4-6-0]]
* [[South African Class 6A 4-6-0]]
* [[South African Class 6B 4-6-0]]
* [[South African Class 6C 4-6-0]]
* [[South African Class 6D 4-6-0]]
* [[South African Class 6E 4-6-0]]
* [[South African Class 6F 4-6-0]]
* [[South African Class 6G 4-6-0]]
* [[South African Class 6J 4-6-0]]
* [[South African Class 6K 4-6-0]]
* [[South African Class 6L 4-6-0]]
* [[South African Class 6Y 2-6-2]]
* [[South African Class 6Z 2-6-4]]
* [[South African locomotive numbering and classification#Tender locomotives|Tender locomotive numbering and classification]]
* [[Cape Government Railways]]
* [[4-6-0#South Africa|The 4-6-0 “Ten-wheeler”]]
* [[List of South African locomotive classes]]


==References==
==References==
{{Commonscat|South African Class 6H (4-6-0)|South African Class 6H 4-6-0|position=left}}
<references/>
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Locomotives of the Cape Government Railways}}
{{Commonscat-N|South African Class 6H (4-6-0)}}
{{Locomotives of South Africa}}
{{Locomotives of South Africa}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:South African Steam Class 06H}}
{{Steam locomotive tenders}}


[[Category:Steam locomotives of South Africa]]
[[Category:Steam locomotives of South Africa|1390]]
[[Category:H.M. Beatty locomotives|1390]]
[[Category:4-6-0 locomotives]]
[[Category:4-6-0 locomotives]]
[[Category:2′C n2 locomotives]]
[[Category:Neilson Reid locomotives]]
[[Category:Neilson Reid locomotives]]
[[Category:Cape gauge railway locomotives]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1901]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1901]]
[[Category:1901 in South Africa]]
[[Category:Scrapped locomotives]]

Revision as of 18:14, 25 April 2023

This article is about one of several different Cape Government Railways locomotive types to be designated "6th Class". For the others, see Cape Government Railways 6th Class locomotives.

CGR 6th Class 4-6-0 1901 Neilson Reid
South African Class 6H 4-6-0
CGR 6th Class no. 607, then no. 547, SAR Class 6H no. 629, at Midlandia Loco, Noupoort
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
DesignerCape Government Railways
(H.M. Beatty)
BuilderNeilson, Reid and Company
Serial number5871-5891
ModelCGR 6th Class
Build date1901
Total produced21
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • Whyte4-6-0 (Tenwheeler)
 • UIC2'Cn2
Driver2nd coupled axle
Gauge3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Leading dia.28+1⁄2 in (724 mm)
Coupled dia.54 in (1,372 mm)
Tender wheels33+1⁄2 in (851 mm) as built
34 in (864 mm) retyred
Wheelbase45 ft 8+1⁄2 in (13,932 mm) ​
 • Axle spacing
(Asymmetrical)		1-2: 4 ft 9 in (1,448 mm)
2-3: 6 ft 7 in (2,007 mm)
 • Engine20 ft 8 in (6,299 mm)
 • Leading5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm)
 • Coupled11 ft 4 in (3,454 mm)
 • Tender14 ft 7 in (4,445 mm)
 • Tender bogie4 ft 7 in (1,397 mm)
Length:
​
 • Over couplers52 ft 11+3⁄4 in (16,148 mm)
Height12 ft 10 in (3,912 mm)
Frame typePlate
Axle load12 LT 11 cwt (12,750 kg) ​
 • Leading11 LT 14 cwt (11,890 kg)
 • Coupled12 LT 11 cwt (12,750 kg)
 • Tender bogieBogie 1: 16 LT 15 cwt (17,020 kg)
Bogie 2: 17 LT 8 cwt (17,680 kg)
 • Tender axle8 LT 14 cwt (8,840 kg)
Adhesive weight37 LT 13 cwt (38,250 kg)
Loco weight49 LT 7 cwt (50,140 kg)
Tender weight34 LT 3 cwt (34,700 kg)
Total weight83 LT 10 cwt (84,840 kg)
Tender typeXD (2-axle bogies)
XC, XC1, XD, XE, XE1, XF, XF1, XF2, XJ, XM, XM1, XM2, XM3, XM4, XP1, XS permitted
Fuel typeCoal
Fuel capacity5 LT 10 cwt (5.6 t)
Water cap.2,730 imp gal (12,400 L)
Firebox:​
 • TypeRound-top
 • Grate area18 sq ft (1.7 m2)
Boiler:
​
 • Pitch6 ft 10 in (2,083 mm)
 • Diameter4 ft 6 in (1,372 mm)
 • Tube plates11 ft 2+1⁄8 in (3,407 mm)
 • Small tubes185: 1+7⁄8 in (48 mm)
Boiler pressure180 psi (1,241 kPa)
170 psi (1,172 kPa) adjusted
Safety valveRamsbottom
Heating surface:​
 • Firebox115 sq ft (10.7 m2)
 • Tubes1,015 sq ft (94.3 m2)
 • Total surface1,130 sq ft (105 m2)
CylindersTwo
Cylinder size17 in (432 mm) bore
26 in (660 mm) stroke
Valve gearStephenson
CouplersJohnston link-and-pin
AAR knuckle (1930s)
Performance figures
Tractive effort18,780 lbf (83.5 kN) @ 75%
17,740 lbf (78.9 kN) adjusted
Career
OperatorsCape Government Railways
South African Railways
ClassCGR 6th Class, SAR Class 6H
Number in class21
NumbersCGR 278-286, 601-612 (541-552)
SAR 614-634
Delivered1901
First run1901

The South African Railways Class 6H 4-6-0 of 1901 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.

In 1901, 21 6th Class 4-6-0 steam locomotives were placed in service by the Cape Government Railways, built to the older 6th Class designs with plate frames. In 1912, when they were assimilated into the South African Railways, they were renumbered and designated Class 6H.[1][2][3]

Manufacturer

The original Cape 6th Class locomotive was designed at the Salt River works of the Cape Government Railways (CGR), at the same time as the 7th Class.[1]

H.M. Beatty

Three new versions of the 6th Class locomotive entered service on the CGR in 1901, two American-built and one British-built. The British version was built by Neilson, Reid and Company, who delivered 21 engines. With these locomotives, CGR Chief Locomotive Superintendent H.M. Beatty kept to the older plate frame design, but fitted the larger type of cab. These locomotives were also equipped with the 17 inches (432 millimetres) diameter cylinders which had been used on all previous 6th Class locomotives with the exception of the Class 6G. Another similarity to the early 6th Class locomotives was their lower running boards with fairings or splashers over the coupled wheels.[1][4][5]

Upon delivery, nine of them were numbered in the range from 278 to 286 and allocated to the Western System of the CGR. The other twelve were numbered in the range from 601 to 612 for the Midland System, but later renumbered in the range from 541 to 552.[1]

Drummond tubes

One of these locomotives, the Western System's no. 286, was an experimental locomotive, equipped with Drummond water tubes in the firebox and a very large panelled cab. Drummond tubes involved the installation of cross-water tubes in the firebox, as featured on the London and South Western Railway's T9 Class and L11 Class, in an attempt to increase the heating surface area of the water, albeit at the cost of increased boiler complexity. On CGR no. 286, as built, visible exterior evidence of the presence of Drummond tubes was rectangular covers attached to the sides of the firebox just ahead of the cab.[1]

In service, it was found that the tubes did not affect the steaming capacity of the boiler to any significant extent. Instead, the tubes were inclined to leak and were difficult to maintain. It was therefore not long before the tubes were removed. At the same time, the cab was changed to the standard type, as used on the other twenty locomotives.[1]

Class 6 sub-classes

When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (CGR, Natal Government Railways and Central South African Railways) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways were only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.[2][6]

When these locomotives were assimilated into the South African Railways (SAR) in 1912, they were renumbered in the range from 614 to 634 and designated Class 6H.[2][4][5][7]

The rest of the CGR's 6th Class locomotives, together with the Central South African Railways (CSAR) Classes 6-L1 to 6-L3 locomotives which had been inherited from the Oranje-Vrijstaat Gouwerment-Spoorwegen (OVGS) via the Imperial Military Railways (IMR), were grouped into thirteen more sub-classes by the SAR. The 4-6-0 locomotives became SAR Classes 6, 6A to 6G and 6J to 6L, the 2-6-2 locomotives became Class 6Y and the 2-6-4 locomotives became Class 6Z.[2][4][5][7]

Service

The Class 6 family of locomotives were introduced primarily as passenger locomotives, but when the class became displaced by larger and more powerful locomotive classes, it literally became a Jack-of-all-trades. It went on to see service in all parts of the country, except in Natal, and was used on all types of traffic.[1]

After the Simon's Town line in Cape Town was electrified in 1928, Class 6H engines that used to haul commuters on this line became dock shunting engines in Table Bay Harbour. This continued until they were gradually replaced by new Class S2 0-8-0 shunting engines from 1952.[8]

Renumbering

The table lists the Class 6H works numbers and renumbering.[1][2][7]

Commemoration

A 25c postage stamp which depicted a Class 6H locomotive was one of a set of four commemorative postage stamps which were issued by the South African Post Office on 27 April 1983 to commemorate the steam locomotives of South Africa, which were rapidly being withdrawn from service at the time. The artwork and stamp design was by the noted stamp designer and artist Hein Botha.[9]

The particular locomotive depicted was ex CGR (Midland System) 6th Class no. 605, renumbered to CGR no. 545 and later SAR Class 6H no. 627, which was withdrawn from service in 1971 and plinthed at the Mafikeng Museum in 1972. The outline of a traditional SAR locomotive number plate was used on the date of release as a commemorative cancellation for De Aar.[9][10]

Illustration

The main picture and the following show the differences in appearance of the Class 6H during its service life, with different cabs, headlights and cowcatcher designs.

  • CGR Western System no. 286, as built, with Drummond tubes and large cab
    CGR Western System no. 286, as built, with Drummond tubes and large cab
  • Ex CGR Midland System 6th Class no. 609, renumbered to CGR no. 549 and later SAR Class 6H no. 631, with a large headlight
    Ex CGR Midland System 6th Class no. 609, renumbered to CGR no. 549 and later SAR Class 6H no. 631, with a large headlight
  • SAR Class 6H no. 631, ex CGR Midland System 6th Class no. 609, later renumbered to CGR no. 549, with a smaller round paraffin headlight and without a cowcatcher
    SAR Class 6H no. 631, ex CGR Midland System 6th Class no. 609, later renumbered to CGR no. 549, with a smaller round paraffin headlight and without a cowcatcher

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to South African Class 6H 4-6-0.
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Holland, D.F. (1971). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. Vol. 1: 1859–1910 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, England: David & Charles. pp. 48–49, 56. ISBN 978-0-7153-5382-0.
  2. ^ a b c d e Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists, issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer's Office, Pretoria, January 1912, pp. 8, 12, 14, 32-33 (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000)
  3. ^ Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 41–43. ISBN 0869772112.
  4. ^ a b c South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941). Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. p. 43.
  5. ^ a b c South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941). Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 2'0" & 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte, Steam Locomotives/Stoomlokomotiewe. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. pp. 6-7, 41, 43.
  6. ^ The South African Railways - Historical Survey. Editor George Hart, Publisher Bill Hart, Sponsored by Dorbyl Ltd., Published c. 1978, p. 25.
  7. ^ a b c Holland, D. F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. Vol. 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, England: David & Charles. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.
  8. ^ Soul of A Railway, System 1, Part 16: Table Bay Harbour © Les Pivnic. Caption 109, 117, 119. (Accessed on 30 June 2017)
  9. ^ a b Philatelic Bulletin 176, issued by Philatelic Services and INTERSAPA, 1983
  10. ^ Old STEAM LOCOMOTIVES in South Africa - Mafikeng Museum: SAR Class 6H Steam Locomotive (Accessed on 17 November 2016)
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