Surfing in New Zealand: Difference between revisions
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| clubs = 64<ref name="TeAra7">{{cite web|last1=Swarbrick|first1=Nancy|title=Lifesaving and surfing – Surfing: 1970s to today|url=http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/lifesaving-and-surfing/page-7|website=Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand| |
| clubs = 64<ref name="TeAra7">{{cite web|last1=Swarbrick|first1=Nancy|title=Lifesaving and surfing – Surfing: 1970s to today|url=http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/lifesaving-and-surfing/page-7|website=Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand|access-date=2 May 2017|language=en}}</ref> |
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| national_list = [[New Zealand National Surfing Championships]] |
| national_list = [[New Zealand National Surfing Championships]] |
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'''New Zealand''' is a popular surfing destination, with a long history of the sport and a varied coastline with locations suitable for all types of surfing. The West coast is notably consistent, with big swells and high winds, whereas the east coast is dominated by cyclone season swells; the North island is notably warmer than the South, but less consistent; mean temperatures range from 7°C to 20°C, depending on location and time of year. Winter is more consistent than Summer, with a southeasterly swell. The [[climate of New Zealand]] is varied, so different surf conditions are encountered across the islands.<ref name="MSW">{{cite web|title=New Zealand Surf Reports and Surfing|url=http://magicseaweed.com/New-Zealand-Surf-Forecast/4/|website=MagicSeaweed.com| |
'''New Zealand''' is a popular surfing destination, with a long history of the sport and a varied coastline with locations suitable for all types of surfing. The West coast is notably consistent, with big swells and high winds, whereas the east coast is dominated by cyclone season swells; the North island is notably warmer than the South, but less consistent; mean temperatures range from 7 °C to 20 °C, depending on location and time of year. Winter is more consistent than Summer, with a southeasterly swell. The [[climate of New Zealand]] is varied, so different surf conditions are encountered across the islands.<ref name="MSW">{{cite web|title=New Zealand Surf Reports and Surfing|url=http://magicseaweed.com/New-Zealand-Surf-Forecast/4/|website=MagicSeaweed.com|access-date=2 May 2017|language=en}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Surfing was a part of Māori culture before the arrival of European settlers in the 19th century. The practice was called ''whakahekeheke'', and was carried out using a variety of craft, including boards, or ''kopapa'', and even bags of kelp ('' |
Surfing was a part of Māori culture before the arrival of European settlers in the 19th century. The practice was called ''whakahekeheke'', and was carried out using a variety of craft, including boards, or ''kopapa'', and even bags of [[Durvillaea|southern bull-kelp]] (''[[pōhā]]'').<ref name="KnowledgeNet">{{cite web|title=Surfing in New Zealand|url=http://tpo.tepapa.govt.nz/ViewTopicExhibitDetail.asp?TopicFileID=MINZ_t7|website=Te Papa – Tai Awatea / Knowledge Net| date=22 January 2016 |access-date=2 May 2017}}</ref> The influence of Christian missionaries led to a noted decline in surfing.<ref name="TeAra4" /> |
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It was later revived following a tour of New Zealand by Hawai'ian surfer Duke Kahanamoku in 1915, when he gave demonstrations to locals. By the 1920s and 1930s, New Zealanders were surfing using solid wooden boards.<ref name="TeAra4" /> |
It was later revived following a tour of New Zealand by Hawai'ian surfer [[Duke Kahanamoku]] in 1915, when he gave demonstrations to locals. By the 1920s and 1930s, New Zealanders were surfing using solid wooden boards.<ref name="TeAra4" /> |
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Surfing was |
Surfing was utilised in the Surf Lifesaving movement, which used heavy hollow longboards to paddle through the surf. Imported magazines in the 1950s contained plans for longboards, which were improved upon to incorporate features such as a rocker and fin. These boards helped attracted younger members to lifesaving.<ref name="TeAra4">{{cite web|last1=Swarbrick|first1=Nancy|title=Lifesaving and surfing – The rise of surfing|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/lifesaving-and-surfing/page-4|website=Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand|access-date=2 May 2017|language=en}}</ref> |
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Up until this point, surfing consisted of riding the wave in a straight line perpendicular to the beach. In 1958, two American lifeguards, Bing Copeland and Rick Stoner, came to stay at Piha Surf Lifesaving Club and introduced the concept of surfing across the face of the wave on a smaller board. Copeland and Stoner also helped locals to make copies of their boards, introducing modern surfing and surfboards to New Zealand.<ref name="TeAra4" /> These new surfing techniques put more emphasis on the surf conditions, causing surfers to |
Up until this point, surfing consisted of riding the wave in a straight line perpendicular to the beach. In 1958, two American lifeguards, Bing Copeland and Rick Stoner, came to stay at Piha Surf Lifesaving Club and introduced the concept of surfing across the face of the wave on a smaller board. Copeland and Stoner also helped locals to make copies of their boards, introducing modern surfing and surfboards to New Zealand.<ref name="TeAra4" /> These new surfing techniques put more emphasis on the surf conditions, causing surfers to go in search of better locations and conditions, resulting in a decline in the number of surfing lifesavers.<ref name="TeAra5">{{cite web|last1=Swarbrick|first1=Nancy|title=Lifesaving and surfing – The surfing way of life|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/lifesaving-and-surfing/page-5|website=Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand|access-date=2 May 2017|language=en}}</ref> |
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In 1963 the first National Surfing Championships was held at [[ |
In 1963 the first National Surfing Championships was held at [[Mount Maunganui]], followed by the establishment of the New Zealand Surf Riders' Association. In 1966, New Zealand sent its first representative team to the [[World Surfing Championships]] in [[San Diego]]. By the late 1960s, more surfboard builders were setting up business, using improved technology which resulted in shorter boards. This allowed for greater speed in executing turns and cutbacks. Conflict between surfers and the New Zealand Surf Lifesaving Association over the safety of surfing in close proximity to swimmers was partially resolved by the introduction of "surf lanes" and [[leg rope]]s.<ref name="TeAra6">{{cite web|last1=Swarbrick|first1=Nancy|title=Lifesaving and surfing – Surfing in the sixties|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/lifesaving-and-surfing/page-6|website=Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand|access-date=2 May 2017|language=en}}</ref> |
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==Governing body== |
==Governing body== |
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'''Surfing New Zealand''' is the governing body for the sport of surfing in New Zealand. It was established in 1963, and is involved in the |
'''Surfing New Zealand''' is the governing body for the sport of surfing in New Zealand. It was established in 1963, and is involved in the organisation of competitions, the development of local training programmes and the education of surfing coaches and judges.<ref name="SNZ">{{cite web|title=Surfing New Zealand|url=http://www.watersafety.org.nz/our-sector/members/surfing-new-zealand/|website=Water Safety New Zealand|access-date=2 May 2017|language=en-NZ}}</ref> |
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== Māori and surfing == |
== Māori and surfing == |
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Water sports were popular in Māori culture, and considered important for ensuring children were comfortable in water.<ref name="GamesPastimesMaori">{{cite book|last1=Best|first1=Elsdon|title=Games and Pastimes of the Maori|publisher=A.R. Shearer|location=Wellington|page=44|url=http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-BesGame-t1-body-d3-d1-d2.html| |
Water sports were popular in Māori culture, and considered important for ensuring children were comfortable in water.<ref name="GamesPastimesMaori">{{cite book|last1=Best|first1=Elsdon|title=Games and Pastimes of the Maori|publisher=A.R. Shearer|location=Wellington|page=44|url=http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-BesGame-t1-body-d3-d1-d2.html|access-date=2 May 2017|quote=The Maori ever strove to so train children that they would have no fear of the water, he encouraged them to practise all forms of aquatic exercises.}}</ref> |
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There are a number of modern surfing clubs and championships which cater to Māori surfers.<ref name="TeAra7" /> The ''Auahi Kore Māori Titles'', held since 1992,<ref name="SVTaranaki">{{cite web|title=Taranaki hosts National Maori Surfing Championships|url=http://www.surfersvillage.com/content/taranaki-hosts-national-maori-surfing-championships|website=Surfersvillage.com| |
There are a number of modern surfing clubs and championships which cater to Māori surfers.<ref name="TeAra7" /> The ''Auahi Kore Māori Titles'', held since 1992,<ref name="SVTaranaki">{{cite web|title=Taranaki hosts National Maori Surfing Championships|url=http://www.surfersvillage.com/content/taranaki-hosts-national-maori-surfing-championships|website=Surfersvillage.com|access-date=2 May 2017|language=en}}</ref> is a national surfing championship open to Māori contestants in eight categories. The ''Auahi Kore Aotearoa Māori Surfing Team'' compete in the [[Oceania Surfing Cup]], an international surfing championship for indigenous nations of the South Pacific.<ref name="SVMaoriTitles">{{cite web|title=What are the Auahi Kore Maori Titles?|url=http://www.surfersvillage.com/content/what-are-auahi-kore-maori-titles|website=Surfersvillage.com|access-date=2 May 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name="NZHMaoriTeam">{{cite web|title=Surfing: Maori team ready to defend Oceania Cup|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=3401776|website=New Zealand Herald|access-date=2 May 2017|language=en-NZ|date=18 April 2003}}</ref><ref name="CWOceaniaCup">{{cite web|title=Oceania Surfing Cup 2006 – Samoa|url=http://www.coastalwatch.com/surfing/1668/oceania-surfing-cup-2006-samoa|website=Coastalwatch.com|access-date=2 May 2017}}</ref> |
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==Big-wave surfing== |
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There are limited sites for [[big-wave surfing]] in New Zealand, with one exception being the area around [[Papatowai]] on the [[Catlins Coast]] in the southern South Island. |
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== Culture == |
== Culture == |
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As surfing grew in popularity, the search for the best available conditions led to certain towns and cities becoming centres of the sport, with a distinctive New Zealand surfing culture arising in these areas.<ref name="TeAra5" /> These include [[Raglan, New Zealand|Raglan]], [[Mt Maunganui]] and [[Gisborne, New Zealand|Gisborne]] in the North Island<ref name="JasonsSurfCities">{{cite web|title=Surf Cities in New Zealand|url=http://www.jasons.co.nz/surf-cities-in-new-zealand|website=Jasons|access-date=2 May 2017}}</ref> and [[St Clair, New Zealand|Saint Clair]] and [[Sumner, New Zealand|Sumner]] in the South Island. |
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Raglan is particularly known for its consistent surf, and many people visit the small town to learn surfing from one of the local surf schools. [https://www.greenwaveraglan.com Green Wave Raglan] is currently the top-rated surf school in the country. |
Raglan is particularly known for its consistent surf, and many people visit the small town to learn surfing from one of the local surf schools. [https://www.greenwaveraglan.com Green Wave Raglan] is currently the top-rated surf school in the country.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}} |
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There are currently several proposals to construct [[Wave pool|artificial surfing lagoons]], including the [[Auckland Surf Park]], [[Swell Planet]] and the [[Kaiapoi Aquasports Park]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dangerfield |first=Emma |date=2021-01-04 |title=Opening a surf park in New Zealand: Is it all just a pipe dream? |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/123338327/opening-a-surf-park-in-new-zealand-is-it-all-just-a-pipe-dream |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=Stuff |language=en}}</ref> |
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==Demographics== |
==Demographics== |
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{{Sport in New Zealand}} |
{{Sport in New Zealand}} |
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{{New Zealand topics}} |
{{New Zealand topics}} |
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[[Category:Surfing by country|New Zealand]] |
[[Category:Surfing by country|New Zealand]] |
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Latest revision as of 00:06, 7 June 2024
| Surfing in New Zealand | |
|---|---|
 Lone surfer on Piha Beach, Auckland, NZ | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Governing body | Surfing New Zealand |
| National team(s) | New Zealand Surf Team |
| Clubs | 64[1] |
National competitions | |
International competitions | |
New Zealand is a popular surfing destination, with a long history of the sport and a varied coastline with locations suitable for all types of surfing. The West coast is notably consistent, with big swells and high winds, whereas the east coast is dominated by cyclone season swells; the North island is notably warmer than the South, but less consistent; mean temperatures range from 7 °C to 20 °C, depending on location and time of year. Winter is more consistent than Summer, with a southeasterly swell. The climate of New Zealand is varied, so different surf conditions are encountered across the islands.[2]
History
[edit]Surfing was a part of Māori culture before the arrival of European settlers in the 19th century. The practice was called whakahekeheke, and was carried out using a variety of craft, including boards, or kopapa, and even bags of southern bull-kelp (pōhā).[3] The influence of Christian missionaries led to a noted decline in surfing.[4]
It was later revived following a tour of New Zealand by Hawai'ian surfer Duke Kahanamoku in 1915, when he gave demonstrations to locals. By the 1920s and 1930s, New Zealanders were surfing using solid wooden boards.[4]
Surfing was utilised in the Surf Lifesaving movement, which used heavy hollow longboards to paddle through the surf. Imported magazines in the 1950s contained plans for longboards, which were improved upon to incorporate features such as a rocker and fin. These boards helped attracted younger members to lifesaving.[4]
Up until this point, surfing consisted of riding the wave in a straight line perpendicular to the beach. In 1958, two American lifeguards, Bing Copeland and Rick Stoner, came to stay at Piha Surf Lifesaving Club and introduced the concept of surfing across the face of the wave on a smaller board. Copeland and Stoner also helped locals to make copies of their boards, introducing modern surfing and surfboards to New Zealand.[4] These new surfing techniques put more emphasis on the surf conditions, causing surfers to go in search of better locations and conditions, resulting in a decline in the number of surfing lifesavers.[5]
In 1963 the first National Surfing Championships was held at Mount Maunganui, followed by the establishment of the New Zealand Surf Riders' Association. In 1966, New Zealand sent its first representative team to the World Surfing Championships in San Diego. By the late 1960s, more surfboard builders were setting up business, using improved technology which resulted in shorter boards. This allowed for greater speed in executing turns and cutbacks. Conflict between surfers and the New Zealand Surf Lifesaving Association over the safety of surfing in close proximity to swimmers was partially resolved by the introduction of "surf lanes" and leg ropes.[6]
Governing body
[edit]Surfing New Zealand is the governing body for the sport of surfing in New Zealand. It was established in 1963, and is involved in the organisation of competitions, the development of local training programmes and the education of surfing coaches and judges.[7]
Māori and surfing
[edit]Water sports were popular in Māori culture, and considered important for ensuring children were comfortable in water.[8]
There are a number of modern surfing clubs and championships which cater to Māori surfers.[1] The Auahi Kore Māori Titles, held since 1992,[9] is a national surfing championship open to Māori contestants in eight categories. The Auahi Kore Aotearoa Māori Surfing Team compete in the Oceania Surfing Cup, an international surfing championship for indigenous nations of the South Pacific.[10][11][12]
Big-wave surfing
[edit]There are limited sites for big-wave surfing in New Zealand, with one exception being the area around Papatowai on the Catlins Coast in the southern South Island.
Culture
[edit]As surfing grew in popularity, the search for the best available conditions led to certain towns and cities becoming centres of the sport, with a distinctive New Zealand surfing culture arising in these areas.[5] These include Raglan, Mt Maunganui and Gisborne in the North Island[13] and Saint Clair and Sumner in the South Island.
Raglan is particularly known for its consistent surf, and many people visit the small town to learn surfing from one of the local surf schools. Green Wave Raglan is currently the top-rated surf school in the country.[citation needed]
There are currently several proposals to construct artificial surfing lagoons, including the Auckland Surf Park, Swell Planet and the Kaiapoi Aquasports Park. [14]
Demographics
[edit]In 1963 there were approximately 300 surfers in the country, but this number grew to an estimated 15,000 by 1967,[6] and estimated 240,000 today.[3]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Swarbrick, Nancy. "Lifesaving and surfing – Surfing: 1970s to today". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ^ "New Zealand Surf Reports and Surfing". MagicSeaweed.com. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ^ a b "Surfing in New Zealand". Te Papa – Tai Awatea / Knowledge Net. 22 January 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ^ a b c d Swarbrick, Nancy. "Lifesaving and surfing – The rise of surfing". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ^ a b Swarbrick, Nancy. "Lifesaving and surfing – The surfing way of life". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ^ a b Swarbrick, Nancy. "Lifesaving and surfing – Surfing in the sixties". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ^ "Surfing New Zealand". Water Safety New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ^ Best, Elsdon. Games and Pastimes of the Maori. Wellington: A.R. Shearer. p. 44. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
The Maori ever strove to so train children that they would have no fear of the water, he encouraged them to practise all forms of aquatic exercises.
- ^ "Taranaki hosts National Maori Surfing Championships". Surfersvillage.com. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ^ "What are the Auahi Kore Maori Titles?". Surfersvillage.com. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ^ "Surfing: Maori team ready to defend Oceania Cup". New Zealand Herald. 18 April 2003. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ^ "Oceania Surfing Cup 2006 – Samoa". Coastalwatch.com. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ^ "Surf Cities in New Zealand". Jasons. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ^ Dangerfield, Emma (4 January 2021). "Opening a surf park in New Zealand: Is it all just a pipe dream?". Stuff. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
External links
[edit]- Surfing New Zealand
- New Zealand Surf Guide
- New Zealand's Info Network – Surfing
- 100% Pure New Zealand – Surfing
| Team sports | |
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| Individual sports |
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| International competitions | |
