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{{Short description|1974 composition by Krzysztof Penderecki}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Infobox musical composition
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = ''The Dream of Jacob''
| name = ''The Dream of Jacob''
| image = File:Krzysztof Penderecki 20080706.jpg
| type = [[Orchestra|Orchestral music]]
⚫
| composer = {{nowrap|[[Krzysztof Penderecki]]}}
| image = Krzysztof Penderecki 20080706.jpg
⚫
| image_upright = 1.1
| alt =
| alt =
| caption = The composer in 2008
| caption = Krzysztof Penderecki (the composer) in 2008
| native_name = ''Als Jakob erwachte''
| native_name = ''Als Jakob erwachte''
| native_name_lang = de
| native_name_lang =
⚫
| composer = [[Krzysztof Penderecki]]
| key = C
| key = C
| catalogue =
| catalogue =
| genre =
| composed = {{start date|1974}}
⚫
| form =
| dedication = [[Prince Rainier III]]
| dedication = [[Prince Rainier III]]
| performed = {{nowrap|{{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1974|08|14|df=y}}|location=[[Monte Carlo]]}}}}
| performed = {{nowrap|{{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1974|08|14|df=y}}|location=[[Monte Carlo]]}}}}
| publisher = {{hlist| [[Polish Music Publishing House|PWM]] | [[Schott Music|Schott]] }}
| publisher = {{hlist| [[Polish Music Publishing House|PWM]] | [[Schott Music|Schott]] }}
| duration = 7 minutes
| duration = 7 to 8 min.
| scoring = Orchestra
| scoring = Orchestra
| misc =
}}
}}


'''''The Dream of Jacob''''', also referred to as '''''The Awakening of Jacob'''''<ref name="Allmusic">{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/composition/the-dream-of-jacob-for-orchestra-mc0002380925 |title=Krzysztof Penderecki – The Dream of Jacob, for orchestra |last1="Blue" Gene Tyranny |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website=allmusic.com |publisher=Rovi Corporation |accessdate=February 8, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Biography" /> ({{lang-pl|Przebudzenie Jacuba}}), is a [[Musical composition|composition]] by Polish composer [[Krzysztof Penderecki]]. It is scored for [[large orchestra]] and was finished in 1974.
'''''The Dream of Jacob''''', also referred to as '''''The Awakening of Jacob'''''<ref name="Allmusic">{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/composition/the-dream-of-jacob-for-orchestra-mc0002380925 |title=Krzysztof Penderecki – The Dream of Jacob, for orchestra |last1="Blue" Gene Tyranny |website=allmusic.com |publisher=Rovi Corporation |access-date=February 8, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Biography" /> ({{lang-pl|Przebudzenie Jakuba}}), is a [[Musical composition|composition]] by Polish composer [[Krzysztof Penderecki]]. It is scored for [[orchestra|large orchestra]] and was finished in 1974.


== Conception and composition ==
== Conception and composition ==
The work's original German title, '''''Als Jakob erwachte''' aus dem Schlaf, sah er, daß Gott dagewesen war. Er hat es aber nicht gemerkt'' (Jacob woke from his sleep and said: Truly the Lord is in this place, and I did not know it),<ref name="Allmusic" /><ref name="Notafina">{{cite web |url=http://www.notafina.com/noten/Als-Jakob-erwachte/2938 |title=Krzysztof Penderecki – "Als Jakob erwachte aus dem Schlaf, sah er, daß Gott dagewesen war. Er hat es aber nicht gemerkt." |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website=notafina.com |publisher=Notafina GmbH |accessdate=February 8, 2014}}</ref> is extracted from the [[Bible]] and can be found in {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Genesis|chapter=28|verse=16}}. The work was commissioned for the [[Silver Jubilee]] of [[Prince Rainier III]] of [[Monaco]], to whom it is dedicated, and was first performed in [[Monte Carlo]] in August 14, 1974, by the [[Monte-Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra|Orchestre National de l'Opéra de Monte-Carlo]] under [[Stanislaw Skrowaczewski]].<ref name="Emi">{{cite book |last=Avis |first=Peter|year=2007 |title=Penderecki: Orchestral Works |url= |location= |publisher=EMI Records Ltd. |isbn= |accessdate=February 9, 2014 }}</ref><ref name="Naxos">{{cite web |url=http://www.naxos.com/mainsite/blurbs_reviews.asp?item_code=8.572482&catNum=572482&filetype=About%20this%20Recording&language=English# |title=PENDERECKI, K.: Fonogrammi / Horn Concerto / Partita / The Awakening of Jacob / Anaklasis / De natura sonoris No. 1 (Warsaw Philharmonic, Wit) |last1=Whitehouse |first1=Richard |last2=|first2= |date= |website=naxos.com |publisher=Naxos Digital Services |accessdate=February 9, 2014}}</ref> It was eventually published by the [[Polish Music Publishing House]] and [[Schott Music]].<ref name="Biography">{{cite book |last=Bylander |first=Cindy |date= |title=Krzysztof Penderecki : a bio-bibliography |url= |location=Westport |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.|isbn=0-313-25658-6 |accessdate=February 16, 2014 }}</ref><ref name="Score" />
The work's original German title, '''''Als Jakob erwachte''' aus dem Schlaf, sah er, daß Gott dagewesen war. Er hat es aber nicht gemerkt'' ("When Jacob woke from his sleep, he saw that God had been there. He had not known it."),<ref name="Allmusic" /><ref name="Notafina">{{cite web |url=http://www.notafina.com/noten/Als-Jakob-erwachte/2938 |title=Krzysztof Penderecki – "Als Jakob erwachte aus dem Schlaf, sah er, daß Gott dagewesen war. Er hat es aber nicht gemerkt." |website=notafina.com |publisher=Notafina GmbH |access-date=February 8, 2014}}</ref> is extracted from the [[Bible]] and can be found in {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Genesis|chapter=28|verse=16}}. The work was commissioned for the [[Silver Jubilee]] of [[Prince Rainier III]] of [[Monaco]], to whom it is dedicated, and was first performed in [[Monte Carlo]] on 14 August 1974, by the [[Monte-Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra|Orchestre National de l'Opéra de Monte-Carlo]] under [[Stanislaw Skrowaczewski]].<ref name="Emi">{{cite book |last=Avis |first=Peter|year=2007 |title=Penderecki: Orchestral Works |publisher=EMI Records Ltd. }}</ref><ref name="Naxos">{{cite web |url=http://www.naxos.com/mainsite/blurbs_reviews.asp?item_code=8.572482&catNum=572482&filetype=About%20this%20Recording&language=English# |title=PENDERECKI, K.: Fonogrammi / Horn Concerto / Partita / The Awakening of Jacob / Anaklasis / De natura sonoris No. 1 (Warsaw Philharmonic, Wit) |last1=Whitehouse |first1=Richard |website=naxos.com |publisher=Naxos Digital Services |access-date=February 9, 2014}}</ref> It was eventually published by the [[Polish Music Publishing House]] and [[Schott Music]].<ref name="Biography">{{cite book |last=Bylander |first=Cindy |date= January 2004|title=Krzysztof Penderecki : a bio-bibliography |location=Westport |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.|isbn=0-313-25658-6 }}</ref><ref name="Score" />


== Analysis ==
== Analysis ==
The composition is scored for three [[flute]]s, three [[oboe]]s, three [[clarinet|B clarinets]], three [[bassoon]]s (ten woodwind players also double on [[ocarina|ocarinas]]), five [[F horn]]s, three [[trumpet|B-flat trumpets]], three [[trombone]]s, one [[tuba]], percussion and a large [[string section]].<ref name="Score">{{cite book|last=Penderecki |first=Krzysztof |year=1973 |title="Als Jakob erwachte composer: Krzysztof Penderecki aus dem Schlaf, sah er, daß Gott dagewesen war. Er hat es aber nicht gemerkt." für Orchester |url=http://www.schott-music.com/shop/Sheet_Music/Orchestra_Ensembles/Orchestra/show,36880,s.html |location= |publisher=Schott Music |isbn= |accessdate=February 4, 2014 }}</ref> The composition is loosely based on the Bible passage mentioned above, therefore trying to resemble being in the desert on a [[Jacob's Ladder|ladder to heaven]], while the angels are ascending and descending.<ref name="Allmusic" />
The composition is scored for three [[flute]]s, three [[oboe]]s, three [[clarinet|B clarinets]], three [[bassoon]]s (all 12 woodwind players also double on [[ocarina]]s), five [[F horn]]s, three [[trumpet|B-flat trumpets]], three [[trombone]]s, one [[tuba]], percussion and a large [[string section]].<ref name="Score">{{cite book|last=Penderecki |first=Krzysztof |year=1973 |title="Als Jakob erwachte composer: Krzysztof Penderecki aus dem Schlaf, sah er, daß Gott dagewesen war. Er hat es aber nicht gemerkt." für Orchester |url=http://www.schott-music.com/shop/Sheet_Music/Orchestra_Ensembles/Orchestra/show,36880,s.html |publisher=Schott Music |access-date=February 4, 2014 }}</ref> The composition is loosely based on the Bible passage mentioned above, therefore trying to resemble being in the desert on a [[Jacob's Ladder|ladder to heaven]], while the angels are ascending and descending.<ref name="Allmusic" />


The composition is in one movement and takes approximately 7 minutes to perform. According to the score, it is in [[C (musical note)|C]].<ref name="Score" /> This composition is still one of the most performed in its repertoire and also the composition with which Penderecki introduced his neo-Romantic style, which he further developed in his following works,<ref name="Naxos" /> moving away from the style he had been using for the previous 15 years, which included the composition of [[Symphony No. 1 (Penderecki)|his first symphony]].<ref name="Naxos2">{{cite book |last=Whitehouse |first=Richard |year=2000 |title=8.554567 – PENDERECKI, K.: Symphonies Nos. 1 and 5 (Polish National Radio Symphony, Wit) (Liner Notes) |url=http://www.naxos.com/mainsite/blurbs_reviews.asp?item_code=8.554567&catNum=554567&filetype=About%20this%20Recording&language=English# |location=Hong Kong |publisher=Naxos Digital Services|isbn= |accessdate=February 9, 2014 }}</ref>
The composition is in one movement and takes approximately 7 minutes to perform. The score is notated in [[C (musical note)|C]].<ref name="Score" /> This composition is still one of the most performed in its repertoire and also the composition with which Penderecki introduced his neo-Romantic style, which he further developed in his following works,<ref name="Naxos" /> moving away from the style he had been using for the previous 15 years, which included the composition of [[Symphony No. 1 (Penderecki)|his first symphony]].<ref name="Naxos2">{{cite book |last=Whitehouse |first=Richard |year=2000 |title=8.554567 – PENDERECKI, K.: Symphonies Nos. 1 and 5 (Polish National Radio Symphony, Wit) (Liner Notes) |url=http://www.naxos.com/mainsite/blurbs_reviews.asp?item_code=8.554567&catNum=554567&filetype=About%20this%20Recording&language=English# |location=Hong Kong |publisher=Naxos Digital Services|access-date=February 9, 2014 }}</ref>


== Reception ==
== Reception ==


The composition received initially mostly positive reviews from Polish and European critics.<ref name="Biography" /> In the Polish literary magazine [[Kultura|Kultura Paryska]], the composition is praised for the elimination of "aggressive sound effects and terseness of form" in favor of a more refined style.<ref name="Kultura">{{cite journal |last=|first= |last2= |first2=|year=1975 |title=Dużo szybko i powierzchownie |url= |journal=Kultura |publisher= |volume=|issue=41|page=12 |doi=|accessdate=February 16, 2014}}</ref> German music critic Detlef Gojowy described the compositions as bearing strong influences of [[Richard Wagner]] and [[Dmitri Shostakovich]].<ref name="Detlef">{{cite journal |last=Gojowy|first=Detlef |last2= |first2=|year=1975 |title=Diese erstaunlichen Polen. Krzysztof Penderecki in Bonn|url= |journal=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung |publisher= |volume=|issue=|page=23 |doi=|accessdate=February 16, 2014}}</ref> Andrew Porter, from ''[[The New Yorker]]'', was also struck by the composer's exquisite use of the twelve ocarinas.<ref name="New Yorker">{{cite journal|last=Porter|first=Andrew |last2= |first2=|date=March 21, 1977 |title=Musical Events: Catching Up|url= |journal=New Yorker |publisher= |volume=|issue=123|page=27 |doi=|accessdate=February 16, 2014}}</ref> However, Polish magazine ''Ruch muzyczny'' stated that ''The Dream of Jacob'' did not "fulfill the emotional expectations of the German audience”, but the logic and clarity used in its composition was heartily welcomed.<ref name="Ruch">{{cite journal |last=|first=|last2= |first2=|year=1976 |title=Penderecki dyryguje w Bonn|url= |journal=Ruch muzyczny |publisher= |volume=20|issue=1|page= |doi=|accessdate=February 16, 2014}}</ref> Bernard Holland, from the [[New York Times]], highlighted that the [[Kraków Philharmonic]]'s performances were reviewed favourably, but also noted that the people "would eventually tire of the riveting sounds in his works and begin to wonder why its musical ideas do not flow together more effectively".<ref name="New York Times">{{cite journal |last=Holland|first=Bernard|last2= |first2=|date=January 20, 1986 |title=Concert: Penderecki and Cracow Ensemble|url= |journal=Ruch muzyczny |publisher= |volume=|issue=|page=25 |doi=|accessdate=February 16, 2014}}</ref> Penderecki was also criticized by the [[Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra]] for the difficulty of the notation.<ref name="Jerusalem">{{cite journal |last=|first=|last2= |first2=|date=December 1975 |title=The Israel Festival Trims Its Wings|url= |journal=High Fidelity/Musical America 25 |publisher= |volume=38|issue=|page= |doi=|accessdate=February 16, 2014}}</ref> and June Schneider, from [[Music and Musicians]], questioned if the composer "is able to provide anything other than superficial sound manipulations".<ref name="Music">{{cite journal |last=|first=|last2= |first2=|date=December 1975|title=Penderecki, HonRAM|url= |journal=Music and Musicians |publisher= |volume=23|issue=8|pages=43–44|doi=|accessdate=February 16, 2014}}</ref>
The composition received initially mostly positive reviews from Polish and European critics.<ref name="Biography" /> In the Polish literary magazine [[Kultura|Kultura Paryska]], the composition is praised for the elimination of "aggressive sound effects and terseness of form" in favor of a more refined style.<ref name="Kultura">{{cite journal |year=1975 |title=Dużo szybko i powierzchownie |journal=Kultura |issue=41|page=12 }}</ref> German music critic Detlef Gojowy described the compositions as bearing strong influences of [[Richard Wagner]] and [[Dmitri Shostakovich]].<ref name="Detlef">{{cite journal |last=Gojowy|first=Detlef |year=1975 |title=Diese erstaunlichen Polen. Krzysztof Penderecki in Bonn|journal=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung |page=23 }}</ref> Andrew Porter, from ''[[The New Yorker]]'', was also struck by the composer's exquisite use of the twelve ocarinas.<ref name="New Yorker">{{cite journal|last=Porter|first=Andrew |date=March 21, 1977 |title=Musical Events: Catching Up|journal=New Yorker |issue=123|page=27 }}</ref> However, Polish magazine ''Ruch muzyczny'' stated that ''The Dream of Jacob'' did not "fulfill the emotional expectations of the German audience”, but the logic and clarity used in its composition was heartily welcomed.<ref name="Ruch">{{cite journal |year=1976 |title=Penderecki dyryguje w Bonn|journal=Ruch muzyczny |volume=20|issue=1}}</ref> Bernard Holland, from the ''[[New York Times]]'', highlighted that the [[Kraków Philharmonic]]'s performances were reviewed favourably, but also noted that the people "would eventually tire of the riveting sounds in his works and begin to wonder why its musical ideas do not flow together more effectively".<ref name="New York Times">{{cite journal |last=Holland|first=Bernard|date=January 20, 1986 |title=Concert: Penderecki and Cracow Ensemble|journal=Ruch muzyczny |page=25 }}</ref> Penderecki was also criticized by the [[Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra]] for the difficulty of the notation.<ref name="Jerusalem">{{cite journal |date=December 1975 |title=The Israel Festival Trims Its Wings|journal=High Fidelity/Musical America 25 |volume=38}}</ref> and June Schneider, from [[Music and Musicians]], questioned if the composer "is able to provide anything other than superficial sound manipulations".<ref name="Music">{{cite journal |date=December 1975|title=Penderecki, HonRAM|journal=Music and Musicians |volume=23|issue=8|pages=43–44}}</ref>


== In popular culture ==
== In popular culture ==
''The Dream of Jacob'' has been featured in other audiovisual material. The following is a list of the movies and video games in which the composition is featured:
''The Dream of Jacob'' has been featured in other audiovisual material. The following is a list of the movies and video games in which the composition is featured:
* 1980 American film ''[[The Shining (film)|The Shining]]'' used prominent works by Penderecki, among them ''The Dream of Jacob''.<ref name="IMDb">{{cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0081505/soundtrack |title=The Shining (1980) Soundtracks |last1= |first1= |last2=|first2= |date= |website=imdb.com |publisher=IMDb.com, Inc. |accessdate=February 9, 2014}}</ref>
* 1980 American film ''[[The Shining (film)|The Shining]]'' used prominent works by Penderecki, among them ''The Dream of Jacob''.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Stainforth|first1=Gordon|title="The Shining" Music Cue Chart|url=http://www.gordonstainforth.co.uk/GSuploads/ShiningMusicChart.pdf|website=GordonStainforth.co.uk|access-date=21 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021220449/http://www.gordonstainforth.co.uk/GSuploads/ShiningMusicChart.pdf|archive-date=21 October 2017}}</ref>
* The 1985 [[BBC television]] series, ''[[The Day the Universe Changed]]'', by [[James Burke (science historian)|James Burke]], uses extracts in the first episode.
* The composition was also featured in 2006 American film [[Inland Empire (film)|Inland Empire]].<ref name="IMDb2">{{cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0460829/soundtrack |title= Inland Empire (2006) Soundtracks |last1= |first1= |last2=|first2= |date= |website=imdb.com |publisher=IMDb.com, Inc. |accessdate=February 9, 2014}}</ref>
* The soundtrack of Polish film [[Katyń (film)|Katyn]], which also contains ''The Dream of Jacob'', consists exclusively of works by Penderecki.<ref name="IMDb3">{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0879843/soundtrack |title= Katyn (2007) Soundtracks
* The composition was also featured in 2006 American film ''[[Inland Empire (film)|Inland Empire]]''.<ref name="IMDb2">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0460829/soundtrack |title= Inland Empire (2006) Soundtracks |website=imdb.com |publisher=IMDb.com, Inc. |access-date=February 9, 2014}}</ref>
* The soundtrack of Polish film ''[[Katyń (film)|Katyn]]'', which contains ''The Dream of Jacob'', consists exclusively of works by Penderecki.<ref name="IMDb3">{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0879843/soundtrack |title= Katyn (2007) Soundtracks
|last1= |first1= |last2=|first2= |date=|website=imdb.com |publisher=IMDb.com, Inc. |accessdate=February 9, 2014}}</ref>
|website=imdb.com |publisher=IMDb.com, Inc. |access-date=February 9, 2014}}</ref>
* Some fragments can be heard in 2007 [[first-person shooter]] [[videogame]] [[BioShock]].<ref name="Hyrb">{{cite web | url = http://www.majornelson.com/archive/2007/10/11/bioshock-music-list.aspx | title = ''BioShock''Music list | date = 2007-10-11 | accessdate = 2007-10-12 | publisher = Major Nelson's Blog | first = Larry | last = Hyrb }}</ref>
* Some fragments can be heard in 2007 [[first-person shooter]] [[video game]] ''[[BioShock]]''.<ref name="Hyrb">{{cite web | url = http://www.majornelson.com/archive/2007/10/11/bioshock-music-list.aspx | title = ''BioShock''Music list | date = 2007-10-11 | access-date = 2007-10-12 | publisher = Major Nelson's Blog | first = Larry | last = Hyrb }}</ref>
* ''[[The dream Off Penderecki]]'' (2013)&nbsp;– this album, as well as the theatrical performance "The dream Off Penderecki", are inspired by Penderecki's composition ''The Dream of Jacob'' and edited as well as published exclusively in celebration of his 80th birthday. The album was recorded by Teatr Tworzenia (Theater of Creation) including [[Derek Jacobi]], [[Daniel Olbrychski]], [[Józef Skrzek]], [[Jaroslaw Pijarowski]] and many others.<ref>[http://www.pomorska.pl/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20131126/BYDGOSZCZ01/131129525 Information about the album]. Retrieved March 20, 2014.</ref>
* The album ''[[:pl:The Dream Off Penderecki|The Dream Off Penderecki]]'' (2013), as well as the theatrical performance "The Dream Off Penderecki", are inspired by Penderecki's composition ''The Dream of Jacob'', which was edited and published exclusively for celebration of his 80th birthday. The album was recorded by Theater of Creation ([[:pl:Teatr Tworzenia]]) including [[Derek Jacobi]], [[Daniel Olbrychski]], [[Józef Skrzek]], [[Jaroslaw Pijarowski]] and many others.<ref>[http://www.pomorska.pl/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20131126/BYDGOSZCZ01/131129525 Information about the album]. Retrieved March 20, 2014.</ref>
* Penderecki’s 1974 rendition is sampled in [[The Caretaker (musician)|The Caretaker’s]] album ''[[We'll All Go Riding on a Rainbow]]'', as well as other albums by [[The Caretaker (musician)|The Caretaker]], such as [[Everywhere at the End of Time]], most notably in Stages 4 and 5.


== Notable recordings ==
== Notable recordings ==
Following are some of the most well-known recordings of this piece:
Following are some of well-known recordings of this piece:


{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
Line 57: Line 60:
|align="center"|[[EMI]]
|align="center"|[[EMI]]
|align="center"|1974
|align="center"|1974
|align="center"|[[LP record|LP]] and [[Compact Disc Digital Audio|CD]]<ref name="Biography" /><ref name="Warner">{{cite web|url=http://www.warnerclassics.com/release/3252085,0094638150824/gemini-penderecki-orchestral-works |title=Penderecki: Orchestral Works |last1=|first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website=WarnerClassics.com |publisher=Warner Classics |accessdate=February 8, 2014}}</ref>
|align="center"|[[LP record|LP]] and [[Compact Disc Digital Audio|CD]]<ref name="Biography" /><ref name="Warner">{{cite web|url=http://www.warnerclassics.com/release/3252085,0094638150824/gemini-penderecki-orchestral-works|title=Penderecki: Orchestral Works|website=WarnerClassics.com|publisher=Warner Classics|access-date=February 8, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222205522/http://www.warnerclassics.com/release/3252085,0094638150824/gemini-penderecki-orchestral-works|archive-date=February 22, 2014}}</ref>
|-
|-
|align="center"|[[St. Olaf Orchestra]]
|align="center"|[[St. Olaf Orchestra]]
Line 71: Line 74:
|align="center"|1980
|align="center"|1980
|align="center"|LP<ref name="Biography" /><ref name="Supraphon">{{cite web |url=http://www.discogs.com/Penderecki-Lutos%C5%82awski-Baird-Prague-Radio-Symphony-Orchestra-Jacek-Kasprzyk-Anaklasis-Mi-Parti-Eleg/release/2458292 |title=Penderecki*, Lutosławski*, Baird*, Prague Radio Symphony Orchestra,Jacek Kasprzyk* – Anaklasis / Mi-Parti / Elegeia / The Awakening Of Jacob
|align="center"|LP<ref name="Biography" /><ref name="Supraphon">{{cite web |url=http://www.discogs.com/Penderecki-Lutos%C5%82awski-Baird-Prague-Radio-Symphony-Orchestra-Jacek-Kasprzyk-Anaklasis-Mi-Parti-Eleg/release/2458292 |title=Penderecki*, Lutosławski*, Baird*, Prague Radio Symphony Orchestra,Jacek Kasprzyk* – Anaklasis / Mi-Parti / Elegeia / The Awakening Of Jacob
|last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website=discogs.com |publisher=Discogs|accessdate=February 8, 2014}}</ref>
|website=discogs.com |publisher=Discogs|access-date=February 8, 2014}}</ref>
|-
|-
|align="center"|[[Kraków Philharmonic Orchestra]]
|align="center"|[[Kraków Philharmonic Orchestra]]
Line 84: Line 87:
|align="center"|1982
|align="center"|1982
|align="center"|LP<ref name="Biography" />
|align="center"|LP<ref name="Biography" />
⚫
|-
⚫
|align="center"|[[MDR Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra]]
⚫
|align="center"|[[Herbert Kegel]]
⚫
|align="center"|VEB Deutsche Schallplatten Berlin/[[Berlin Classics]]
⚫
|align="center"|1984
⚫
|align="center"|CD<ref name="Amazon">{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Penderecki-K-Capriccio-Orchestra-Awakening/dp/B002K54YAK|title=Penderecki, K.: Capriccio For Violin And Orchestra / Capriccio For Oboe And String Orchestra / The Awakening Of Jacob / Threnody (Kegel)
⚫
|website=amazon.com |access-date=February 9, 2014}}</ref>
|-
|-
|align="center"|[[New England Conservatory|New England Conservatory Symphony Orchestra]]
|align="center"|[[New England Conservatory|New England Conservatory Symphony Orchestra]]
Line 96: Line 106:
|align="center"|1987
|align="center"|1987
|align="center"|LP<ref name="Biography" /><ref name="Muza">{{cite web |url=http://www.discogs.com/Krzysztof-Penderecki-Stefan-Kamasa-Polish-National-Radio-Symphony-Orchestra-Conductor-Antoni-Wit-Con/release/3663984 |title=Krzysztof Penderecki – Stefan Kamasa, Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra, Antoni Wit – Concerto For Viola And Orchestra / The Awakening Of Jacob / Adagietto From "Paradise Lost"
|align="center"|LP<ref name="Biography" /><ref name="Muza">{{cite web |url=http://www.discogs.com/Krzysztof-Penderecki-Stefan-Kamasa-Polish-National-Radio-Symphony-Orchestra-Conductor-Antoni-Wit-Con/release/3663984 |title=Krzysztof Penderecki – Stefan Kamasa, Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra, Antoni Wit – Concerto For Viola And Orchestra / The Awakening Of Jacob / Adagietto From "Paradise Lost"
|last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website=discogs.com |publisher=Discogs|accessdate=February 8, 2014}}</ref>
|website=discogs.com |publisher=Discogs|access-date=February 8, 2014}}</ref>
|-
|-
|align="center"|[[Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra]]
|align="center"|[[Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra]]
Line 102: Line 112:
|align="center"|[[Chandos Records|Chandos]]
|align="center"|[[Chandos Records|Chandos]]
|align="center"|1995
|align="center"|1995
|align="center"|CD<ref name="Chandos">{{cite web |url=http://www.chandos.net/details06.asp?CNumber=CHAN%209459 |title=Penderecki: A Polish Requiem; The Dream of Jacob |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website=chandos.net |publisher=Chandos |accessdate=February 8, 2014}}</ref>
|align="center"|CD<ref name="Chandos">{{cite web |url=http://www.chandos.net/details06.asp?CNumber=CHAN%209459 |title=Penderecki: A Polish Requiem; The Dream of Jacob |website=chandos.net |publisher=Chandos |access-date=February 8, 2014}}</ref>
⚫
|-
⚫
|align="center"|[[MDR Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra]]
⚫
|align="center"|[[Herbert Kegel]]
⚫
|align="center"|[[Berlin Classics]]
⚫
|align="center"|2003
⚫
|align="center"|CD<ref name="Amazon">{{cite web|url=http://www.amazon.com/Penderecki-K-Capriccio-Orchestra-Awakening/dp/B002K54YAK|title=Penderecki, K.: Capriccio For Violin And Orchestra / Capriccio For Oboe And String Orchestra / The Awakening Of Jacob / Threnody (Kegel)
⚫
|last1= |first1=|last2=|first2= |date= |website=amazon.com |publisher=|accessdate=February 9, 2014}}</ref>
|-
|-
|align="center"|[[Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra]]
|align="center"|[[Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra]]
Line 115: Line 118:
|align="center"|[[Naxos]]
|align="center"|[[Naxos]]
|align="center"|2008
|align="center"|2008
|align="center"|CD<ref name="Naxos3">{{cite web|url=http://www.naxos.com/catalogue/item.asp?item_code=8.572482|title=PENDERECKI, K.: Fonogrammi / Horn Concerto / Partita / The Awakening of Jacob / Anaklasis / De natura sonoris No. 1 (Warsaw Philharmonic, Wit) |last1= |first1=|last2=|first2= |date= |website=naxos.com |publisher=Naxos Digital Services|accessdate=February 9, 2014}}</ref>
|align="center"|CD<ref name="Naxos3">{{cite web|url=http://www.naxos.com/catalogue/item.asp?item_code=8.572482|title=PENDERECKI, K.: Fonogrammi / Horn Concerto / Partita / The Awakening of Jacob / Anaklasis / De natura sonoris No. 1 (Warsaw Philharmonic, Wit) |website=naxos.com |publisher=Naxos Digital Services|access-date=February 9, 2014}}</ref>
|}
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of compositions by Krzysztof Penderecki]]


== References ==
== References ==
Line 125: Line 125:


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.notafina.com/noten/Als-Jakob-erwachte/2938 A preview of the original score]
* [https://notafina.de/pdfviewer/index/readpdf/?idx=24711&idy=24873 A preview of the original score]


{{Krzysztof Penderecki}}
{{Krzysztof Penderecki}}

Revision as of 23:12, 7 November 2023

The Dream of Jacob
Orchestral music by Krzysztof Penderecki
Krzysztof Penderecki (the composer) in 2008
Native nameAls Jakob erwachte
KeyC
Composed1974 (1974)
DedicationPrince Rainier III
Performed14 August 1974 (1974-08-14): Monte Carlo
Publisher
Duration7 to 8 min.
ScoringOrchestra

The Dream of Jacob, also referred to as The Awakening of Jacob[1][2] (Polish: Przebudzenie Jakuba), is a composition by Polish composer Krzysztof Penderecki. It is scored for large orchestra and was finished in 1974.

Conception and composition

The work's original German title, Als Jakob erwachte aus dem Schlaf, sah er, daß Gott dagewesen war. Er hat es aber nicht gemerkt ("When Jacob woke from his sleep, he saw that God had been there. He had not known it."),[1][3] is extracted from the Bible and can be found in Genesis 28:16. The work was commissioned for the Silver Jubilee of Prince Rainier III of Monaco, to whom it is dedicated, and was first performed in Monte Carlo on 14 August 1974, by the Orchestre National de l'Opéra de Monte-Carlo under Stanislaw Skrowaczewski.[4][5] It was eventually published by the Polish Music Publishing House and Schott Music.[2][6]

Analysis

The composition is scored for three flutes, three oboes, three B clarinets, three bassoons (all 12 woodwind players also double on ocarinas), five F horns, three B-flat trumpets, three trombones, one tuba, percussion and a large string section.[6] The composition is loosely based on the Bible passage mentioned above, therefore trying to resemble being in the desert on a ladder to heaven, while the angels are ascending and descending.[1]

The composition is in one movement and takes approximately 7 minutes to perform. The score is notated in C.[6] This composition is still one of the most performed in its repertoire and also the composition with which Penderecki introduced his neo-Romantic style, which he further developed in his following works,[5] moving away from the style he had been using for the previous 15 years, which included the composition of his first symphony.[7]

Reception

The composition received initially mostly positive reviews from Polish and European critics.[2] In the Polish literary magazine Kultura Paryska, the composition is praised for the elimination of "aggressive sound effects and terseness of form" in favor of a more refined style.[8] German music critic Detlef Gojowy described the compositions as bearing strong influences of Richard Wagner and Dmitri Shostakovich.[9] Andrew Porter, from The New Yorker, was also struck by the composer's exquisite use of the twelve ocarinas.[10] However, Polish magazine Ruch muzyczny stated that The Dream of Jacob did not "fulfill the emotional expectations of the German audience”, but the logic and clarity used in its composition was heartily welcomed.[11] Bernard Holland, from the New York Times, highlighted that the Kraków Philharmonic's performances were reviewed favourably, but also noted that the people "would eventually tire of the riveting sounds in his works and begin to wonder why its musical ideas do not flow together more effectively".[12] Penderecki was also criticized by the Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra for the difficulty of the notation.[13] and June Schneider, from Music and Musicians, questioned if the composer "is able to provide anything other than superficial sound manipulations".[14]

The Dream of Jacob has been featured in other audiovisual material. The following is a list of the movies and video games in which the composition is featured:

Notable recordings

Following are some of well-known recordings of this piece:

Orchestra Conductor Record company Year of recording Format
Polish Radio National Symphony Orchestra Krzysztof Penderecki EMI 1974 LP and CD[2][20]
St. Olaf Orchestra Krzysztof Penderecki WCAL 1977 LP[2]
Prague Radio Symphony Orchestra Jacek Kasprzyk Supraphon 1980 LP[2][21]
Kraków Philharmonic Orchestra Jacek Kasprzyk Polskie Nagrania Muza 1980 LP[2]
RAI National Symphony Orchestra Krzysztof Penderecki Fonit Cetra 1982 LP[2]
MDR Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra Herbert Kegel VEB Deutsche Schallplatten Berlin/Berlin Classics 1984 CD[22]
New England Conservatory Symphony Orchestra Piero Bellugi New England Conservatory Performances 1985 Cassette[2]
Polish Radio National Symphony Orchestra Antoni Wit Polskie Nagrania Muza 1987 LP[2][23]
Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra Krzysztof Penderecki Chandos 1995 CD[24]
Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra Antoni Wit Naxos 2008 CD[25]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Blue" Gene Tyranny. "Krzysztof Penderecki – The Dream of Jacob, for orchestra". allmusic.com. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved February 8, 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Bylander, Cindy (January 2004). Krzysztof Penderecki : a bio-bibliography. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. ISBN 0-313-25658-6.
  3. ^ "Krzysztof Penderecki – "Als Jakob erwachte aus dem Schlaf, sah er, daß Gott dagewesen war. Er hat es aber nicht gemerkt."". notafina.com. Notafina GmbH. Retrieved February 8, 2014.
  4. ^ Avis, Peter (2007). Penderecki: Orchestral Works. EMI Records Ltd.
  5. ^ a b Whitehouse, Richard. "PENDERECKI, K.: Fonogrammi / Horn Concerto / Partita / The Awakening of Jacob / Anaklasis / De natura sonoris No. 1 (Warsaw Philharmonic, Wit)". naxos.com. Naxos Digital Services. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
  6. ^ a b c Penderecki, Krzysztof (1973). "Als Jakob erwachte composer: Krzysztof Penderecki aus dem Schlaf, sah er, daß Gott dagewesen war. Er hat es aber nicht gemerkt." für Orchester. Schott Music. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
  7. ^ Whitehouse, Richard (2000). 8.554567 – PENDERECKI, K.: Symphonies Nos. 1 and 5 (Polish National Radio Symphony, Wit) (Liner Notes). Hong Kong: Naxos Digital Services. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
  8. ^ "Dużo szybko i powierzchownie". Kultura (41): 12. 1975.
  9. ^ Gojowy, Detlef (1975). "Diese erstaunlichen Polen. Krzysztof Penderecki in Bonn". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung: 23.
  10. ^ Porter, Andrew (March 21, 1977). "Musical Events: Catching Up". New Yorker (123): 27.
  11. ^ "Penderecki dyryguje w Bonn". Ruch muzyczny. 20 (1). 1976.
  12. ^ Holland, Bernard (January 20, 1986). "Concert: Penderecki and Cracow Ensemble". Ruch muzyczny: 25.
  13. ^ "The Israel Festival Trims Its Wings". High Fidelity/Musical America 25. 38. December 1975.
  14. ^ "Penderecki, HonRAM". Music and Musicians. 23 (8): 43–44. December 1975.
  15. ^ Stainforth, Gordon. ""The Shining" Music Cue Chart" (PDF). GordonStainforth.co.uk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  16. ^ "Inland Empire (2006) Soundtracks". imdb.com. IMDb.com, Inc. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
  17. ^ "Katyn (2007) Soundtracks". imdb.com. IMDb.com, Inc. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
  18. ^ Hyrb, Larry (2007-10-11). "BioShockMusic list". Major Nelson's Blog. Retrieved 2007-10-12.
  19. ^ Information about the album. Retrieved March 20, 2014.
  20. ^ "Penderecki: Orchestral Works". WarnerClassics.com. Warner Classics. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved February 8, 2014.
  21. ^ "Penderecki*, Lutosławski*, Baird*, Prague Radio Symphony Orchestra,Jacek Kasprzyk* – Anaklasis / Mi-Parti / Elegeia / The Awakening Of Jacob". discogs.com. Discogs. Retrieved February 8, 2014.
  22. ^ "Penderecki, K.: Capriccio For Violin And Orchestra / Capriccio For Oboe And String Orchestra / The Awakening Of Jacob / Threnody (Kegel)". amazon.com. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
  23. ^ "Krzysztof Penderecki – Stefan Kamasa, Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra, Antoni Wit – Concerto For Viola And Orchestra / The Awakening Of Jacob / Adagietto From "Paradise Lost"". discogs.com. Discogs. Retrieved February 8, 2014.
  24. ^ "Penderecki: A Polish Requiem; The Dream of Jacob". chandos.net. Chandos. Retrieved February 8, 2014.
  25. ^ "PENDERECKI, K.: Fonogrammi / Horn Concerto / Partita / The Awakening of Jacob / Anaklasis / De natura sonoris No. 1 (Warsaw Philharmonic, Wit)". naxos.com. Naxos Digital Services. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
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