Tropical Storm Cristobal (2002): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Atlantic tropical storm in 2002}} |
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{{Merge to|2002 Atlantic hurricane season|discuss=Talk:2002 Atlantic hurricane season#Proposed merge of Tropical Storm Cristobal (2002) into 2002 Atlantic hurricane season|date=February 2024}} |
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| Type=Tropical storm |
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| Basin=Atl |
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| extratropical = August 8 |
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| dissipated = August 13, 2002 |
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}}{{Infobox weather event/NWS |
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| Extratropical=August 8, 2002 |
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| winds = 45 |
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| pressure = 999 |
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}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects |
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| Damages=Minimal |
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| fatalities = 3 indirect |
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| damage-suffix = Minimal |
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}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer |
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'''Tropical Storm Cristobal''' was a relatively weak [[tropical cyclone]] that meandered in the western [[Atlantic Ocean]] prior to being absorbed into a [[surface weather analysis|frontal zone]]. The third named storm of the [[2002 Atlantic hurricane season]], Cristobal developed on August 5 near the coast of [[South Carolina]] from the same [[trough (meteorology)|trough]] that spawned [[Tropical Storm Bertha (2002)|Tropical Storm Bertha]]. The storm tracked slowly southeastward in the early portion of its duration, and initially remained disorganized. Cristobal attained peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h), and lost the characteristics of a tropical cyclone on August 8. The remnants brought moderate precipitation to [[Bermuda]], and in combination with a high pressure system the storm caused three drownings on [[Long Island]] from rip currents. |
'''Tropical Storm Cristobal''' was a relatively weak [[tropical cyclone]] that meandered in the western [[Atlantic Ocean]] prior to being absorbed into a [[surface weather analysis|frontal zone]]. The third named storm of the [[2002 Atlantic hurricane season]], Cristobal developed on August 5 near the coast of [[South Carolina]] from the same [[trough (meteorology)|trough]] that spawned [[Tropical Storm Bertha (2002)|Tropical Storm Bertha]]. The storm tracked slowly southeastward in the early portion of its duration, and initially remained disorganized. Cristobal attained peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h), and lost the characteristics of a tropical cyclone on August 8. The [[Post-tropical cyclone|remnants]] brought moderate precipitation to [[Bermuda]], and in combination with a high pressure system the storm caused three drownings on [[Long Island]] from rip currents. |
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==Meteorological history== |
==Meteorological history== |
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{{storm path|Cristobal 2002 track.png}} |
{{storm path|Cristobal 2002 track.png}} |
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A [[trough (meteorology)|trough]] extended from the northern [[Gulf of Mexico]] to the western [[Atlantic Ocean]] in early August. The trough remained nearly stationary, spawning [[Tropical Storm Bertha (2002)|Tropical Storm Bertha]] in the [[Gulf of Mexico]] and a tropical disturbance off the coast of [[South Carolina]].<ref name="tcr">{{cite web|author=James Franklin|year=2002|title=Tropical Storm Cristobal Tropical Cyclone Report|publisher=National Hurricane Center| |
A [[trough (meteorology)|trough]] extended from the northern [[Gulf of Mexico]] to the western [[Atlantic Ocean]] in early August. The trough remained nearly stationary, spawning [[Tropical Storm Bertha (2002)|Tropical Storm Bertha]] in the [[Gulf of Mexico]] and a tropical disturbance off the coast of [[South Carolina]].<ref name="tcr">{{cite web|author=James Franklin|year=2002|title=Tropical Storm Cristobal Tropical Cyclone Report|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2015-05-26|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL032002_Cristobal}}}}</ref> The weak [[low pressure area]] off South Carolina drifted southward, with its associated deep [[convection]] increasing in organization on August 4.<ref>{{cite web|author=Stacy Stewart|date=August 4, 2002|title=Tropical Weather Outlook: 5:30 PM August 4, 2002|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 2, 2020|url=https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/wx/afos/p.php?pil=TWOAT%20&e=200208042102}}</ref> By 1800 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] on August 5, the system had acquired sufficient organization to be classified as Tropical Depression Three, while located about 175 miles (280 km/h) east-southeast of [[Charleston, South Carolina]].<ref name="tcr"/> |
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Upon becoming a tropical depression, the cyclone maintained outer [[squall#Tropical cyclones|rainbands]] and fair [[outflow (meteorology)|outflow]]. It tracked southeastward around the northeastern periphery of an [[anticyclone]] over [[Florida]].<ref name="disc1">{{cite web|author=Jack Beven|year=2002|title=Tropical Depression Three Discussion One|publisher=National Hurricane Center| |
Upon becoming a tropical depression, the cyclone maintained outer [[squall#Tropical cyclones|rainbands]] and fair [[outflow (meteorology)|outflow]]. It tracked southeastward around the northeastern periphery of an [[anticyclone]] over [[Florida]].<ref name="disc1">{{cite web|author=Jack Beven|year=2002|title=Tropical Depression Three Discussion One|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-08|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al032002.discus.001.html}}</ref> By August 6, the convection had diminished as outflow became restricted due to northeasterly [[wind shear]];<ref name="disc2">{{cite web|author=Stacy Stewart|year=2002|title=Tropical Depression Three Discussion Two|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-08|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al032002.discus.002.html}}</ref> with a relatively dry environment, most of the convection was confined to the southern semicircle of the depression. Despite the circulation becoming elongated in the southwesterly flow of a southward moving [[cold front]], a [[Hurricane Hunters]] flight late on August 6 reported that the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Cristobal about 315 miles (505 km) east of [[Jacksonville, Florida]].<ref name="tcr"/> |
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Tropical Storm Cristobal initially continued tracking southeastward, with its circulation reforming closer to the thunderstorms during each increase in convection.<ref name="disc7">{{cite web|author=Stacy Stewart|year=2002|title=Tropical Storm Cristobal Discussion Seven|publisher=National Hurricane Center| |
Tropical Storm Cristobal initially continued tracking southeastward, with its circulation reforming closer to the thunderstorms during each increase in convection.<ref name="disc7">{{cite web|author=Stacy Stewart|year=2002|title=Tropical Storm Cristobal Discussion Seven|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-08|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al032002.discus.007.html}}</ref> On August 7 the storm turned eastward, due to the influence of a large approaching mid to upper-level frontal zone. As the convection organized further, Cristobal intensified somewhat and attained peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h). On August 8, increased dry air weakened the convection and caused Cristobal to accelerate east-northeastward. The low-level circulation interacted with the approaching frontal zone, and by 0000 UTC on August 9 Tropical Storm Cristobal was absorbed by the cold front about 350 miles (560 km) southeast of [[Cape Hatteras, North Carolina]].<ref name="tcr"/> The remnants continued northeastward, passing near [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]] on August 10 before weakening near [[Greenland]] on August 14.<ref name="gp">{{cite web|author=Gary Padgett|year=2002|title=Worldwide Tropical Summary for August 2002|access-date=2008-01-08|url=http://www.australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2003/summ0208.htm}}</ref> |
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==Impact== |
==Impact== |
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⚫ | As a tropical cyclone, Cristobal had minimal effects on land.<ref name="tcr"/> However, its remnants brought unsettled conditions to [[Bermuda]], including a 45 mph (72 km/h) wind gust at the [[Bermuda International Airport]]. The combination of moisture from Cristobal and cold front into which it was absorbed produced 2.78 inches (71 mm) of rain there in a 24‑hour period.<ref>{{cite web|author=Bermuda Weather Service |year=2002 |title=Bermuda Weather for August 2002 |access-date=2008-01-08 |url=http://www.weather.bm/data/2002-08.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208145015/http://www.weather.bm/data/2002-08.html |archive-date=2012-02-08 }}</ref> An annual powerboat race circumnavigating Bermuda had to be postponed by a week because of the adverse weather.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rough weather foils Around the Island racers|date=August 12, 2002|newspaper=The Royal Gazette|access-date=February 2, 2020|url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20020812/SPORT/308129969}}</ref> |
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<!--{{Wettest tropical cyclones in Bermuda}} Removed due to ruining page format--> |
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⚫ | As a tropical cyclone, Cristobal had minimal |
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Although Cristobal remained offshore during its evolution, rough seas and [[rip currents]] were felt along portions of the [[U.S. East Coast]]. On August 9, lifeguards in [[Volusia County, Florida]], rescued about 25 swimmers caught in rip currents.<ref>{{cite news|author=Alicia A. Caldwell|date=August 10, 2002|title=This weekend, Atlantic coastline harbors a hazard|newspaper=The Orlando Sentinel|access-date=February 2, 2020|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43483491/the_orlando_sentinel/}} {{open access}}</ref> Offshore winds from the storm were credited with ending a widespread outbreak of [[jellyfish]] stings affecting bathers along the northern Atlantic coast of Florida. Some 1,000 stings had been reported.<ref>{{cite news|author=The Associated Press|date=August 10, 2002|title=Winds sweep jellyfish off of northeast Fla. coast|newspaper=The Palm Beach Post|access-date=February 2, 2020|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43484137/the_palm_beach_post/}} {{open access}}</ref> Two ships recorded tropical storm force winds in association with the storm; one of them, a vessel with the call sign WUQL, reported sustained winds of 47 mph (76 km/h) from the west-southwest on August 7, while located about {{convert|160|mi|km|abbr=on}} northeast of [[Great Abaco]].<ref name="tcr"/> |
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{{Clear}} |
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Later, the extratropical remnants of Cristobal continued to interact with a high pressure system over the [[Mid-Atlantic states]] to generate dangerous swimming conditions further north. Along the south shore of [[Long Island]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[significant wave height]]s reached 4 feet (1.2 m), and rip currents resulted in three drowning deaths on August 10: one in [[Montauk, New York|Montauk]]; one just east of [[Moriches Inlet]]; and one off [[Rockaway Beach, Queens|Rockaway Beach]].<ref>{{cite web|author=National Climatic Data Center|year=2002|title=Event Report for New York|access-date=2008-01-08|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~469434|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520001826/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~469434|archive-date=2011-05-20}}</ref> In the latter case, the victim had become exhausted after swimming out to save his son-in-law, an inexperienced swimmer, from the rip current.<ref>{{cite news|author=Tamer El-Ghobashy|date=August 12, 2002|title=He saves son-in-law, but drowns in surf|newspaper=The New York Daily News|access-date=February 2, 2020|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43490393/daily_news/}} {{open access}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Commons category}} |
{{Commons category}} |
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[[Category:Hurricanes in Bermuda|Cristobal (2002)]] |
[[Category:Hurricanes in Bermuda|Cristobal (2002)]] |
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[[Category:Hurricanes in New York (state)|Cristobal (2002)]] |
[[Category:Hurricanes in New York (state)|Cristobal (2002)]] |
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[[Category:Tropical cyclones in 2002|Cristobal]] |
Latest revision as of 17:57, 3 March 2024
It has been suggested that this article be merged into 2002 Atlantic hurricane season. (Discuss) Proposed since February 2024. |
Tropical Storm Cristobal off the Southeastern U.S. on August 7 | |
Meteorological history | |
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Formed | August 5, 2002 |
Extratropical | August 8 |
Dissipated | August 13, 2002 |
Tropical storm | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS) | |
Highest winds | 50 mph (85 km/h) |
Lowest pressure | 999 mbar (hPa); 29.50 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 3 indirect |
Damage | Minimal |
Areas affected | Bermuda, New York |
IBTrACS | |
Part of the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season |
Tropical Storm Cristobal was a relatively weak tropical cyclone that meandered in the western Atlantic Ocean prior to being absorbed into a frontal zone. The third named storm of the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season, Cristobal developed on August 5 near the coast of South Carolina from the same trough that spawned Tropical Storm Bertha. The storm tracked slowly southeastward in the early portion of its duration, and initially remained disorganized. Cristobal attained peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h), and lost the characteristics of a tropical cyclone on August 8. The remnants brought moderate precipitation to Bermuda, and in combination with a high pressure system the storm caused three drownings on Long Island from rip currents.
Meteorological history
[edit]Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
Unknown
A trough extended from the northern Gulf of Mexico to the western Atlantic Ocean in early August. The trough remained nearly stationary, spawning Tropical Storm Bertha in the Gulf of Mexico and a tropical disturbance off the coast of South Carolina.[1] The weak low pressure area off South Carolina drifted southward, with its associated deep convection increasing in organization on August 4.[2] By 1800 UTC on August 5, the system had acquired sufficient organization to be classified as Tropical Depression Three, while located about 175 miles (280 km/h) east-southeast of Charleston, South Carolina.[1]
Upon becoming a tropical depression, the cyclone maintained outer rainbands and fair outflow. It tracked southeastward around the northeastern periphery of an anticyclone over Florida.[3] By August 6, the convection had diminished as outflow became restricted due to northeasterly wind shear;[4] with a relatively dry environment, most of the convection was confined to the southern semicircle of the depression. Despite the circulation becoming elongated in the southwesterly flow of a southward moving cold front, a Hurricane Hunters flight late on August 6 reported that the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Cristobal about 315 miles (505 km) east of Jacksonville, Florida.[1]
Tropical Storm Cristobal initially continued tracking southeastward, with its circulation reforming closer to the thunderstorms during each increase in convection.[5] On August 7 the storm turned eastward, due to the influence of a large approaching mid to upper-level frontal zone. As the convection organized further, Cristobal intensified somewhat and attained peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h). On August 8, increased dry air weakened the convection and caused Cristobal to accelerate east-northeastward. The low-level circulation interacted with the approaching frontal zone, and by 0000 UTC on August 9 Tropical Storm Cristobal was absorbed by the cold front about 350 miles (560 km) southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.[1] The remnants continued northeastward, passing near Newfoundland on August 10 before weakening near Greenland on August 14.[6]
Impact
[edit]As a tropical cyclone, Cristobal had minimal effects on land.[1] However, its remnants brought unsettled conditions to Bermuda, including a 45 mph (72 km/h) wind gust at the Bermuda International Airport. The combination of moisture from Cristobal and cold front into which it was absorbed produced 2.78 inches (71 mm) of rain there in a 24‑hour period.[7] An annual powerboat race circumnavigating Bermuda had to be postponed by a week because of the adverse weather.[8]
Although Cristobal remained offshore during its evolution, rough seas and rip currents were felt along portions of the U.S. East Coast. On August 9, lifeguards in Volusia County, Florida, rescued about 25 swimmers caught in rip currents.[9] Offshore winds from the storm were credited with ending a widespread outbreak of jellyfish stings affecting bathers along the northern Atlantic coast of Florida. Some 1,000 stings had been reported.[10] Two ships recorded tropical storm force winds in association with the storm; one of them, a vessel with the call sign WUQL, reported sustained winds of 47 mph (76 km/h) from the west-southwest on August 7, while located about 160 mi (260 km) northeast of Great Abaco.[1]
Later, the extratropical remnants of Cristobal continued to interact with a high pressure system over the Mid-Atlantic states to generate dangerous swimming conditions further north. Along the south shore of Long Island, New York, significant wave heights reached 4 feet (1.2 m), and rip currents resulted in three drowning deaths on August 10: one in Montauk; one just east of Moriches Inlet; and one off Rockaway Beach.[11] In the latter case, the victim had become exhausted after swimming out to save his son-in-law, an inexperienced swimmer, from the rip current.[12]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f James Franklin (2002). "Tropical Storm Cristobal Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2015-05-26.
- ^ Stacy Stewart (August 4, 2002). "Tropical Weather Outlook: 5:30 PM August 4, 2002". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
- ^ Jack Beven (2002). "Tropical Depression Three Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
- ^ Stacy Stewart (2002). "Tropical Depression Three Discussion Two". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
- ^ Stacy Stewart (2002). "Tropical Storm Cristobal Discussion Seven". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
- ^ Gary Padgett (2002). "Worldwide Tropical Summary for August 2002". Retrieved 2008-01-08.
- ^ Bermuda Weather Service (2002). "Bermuda Weather for August 2002". Archived from the original on 2012-02-08. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
- ^ "Rough weather foils Around the Island racers". The Royal Gazette. August 12, 2002. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
- ^ Alicia A. Caldwell (August 10, 2002). "This weekend, Atlantic coastline harbors a hazard". The Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
- ^ The Associated Press (August 10, 2002). "Winds sweep jellyfish off of northeast Fla. coast". The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
- ^ National Climatic Data Center (2002). "Event Report for New York". Archived from the original on 2011-05-20. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
- ^ Tamer El-Ghobashy (August 12, 2002). "He saves son-in-law, but drowns in surf". The New York Daily News. Retrieved February 2, 2020.