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{{Other uses}}
{{Other uses}}
{{refimprove|date=May 2017}}
[[File:Houghton Swi 607.23 - Ouresiphoítes helveticus, fig X.jpg|thumb|300px|Depiction of the cat-headed dragon claimed to have been encountered on Mt. [[Kamor]] of the Swiss Alps, ca. 1660.<ref name=scheuchzer-fig-x/>{{sfnp|Meurger|Gagnon|1988|p=265}}</br>{{small|{{right|—[[Johann Jakob Scheuchzer]], 1723}}}}]]
{{rewrite|date=March 2018}}
⚫
In Alpine legend and folklore, the '''''Tatzelwurm''''' is a lizard-like creature, often described as having the face of a cat, with a serpent-like body which may be slender or stubby, with four short legs, or sometimes with no hind legs.
[[File:Houghton Swi 607.23 - Ouresiphoítes helveticus, fig X.jpg|thumb|18th century cat-headed illustration]]
⚫
In Alpine folklore, the '''''Tatzelwurm''''' is a lizard-like creature, often described as having the face of a cat, with a serpent-like body which may be slender or stubby, with four short legs, or sometimes with no hind legs.<ref>{{harvp|Doblhoff|1896|p=143}}: "«Stollenwürmern».. Zahl der Füße wird mit 2, 4, 6 angegeben"</ref> They are sometimes described as having a cat-like face, especially in Switzerland.<ref>{{harvp|Doblhoff|1896|p=143}}: "Berichte aus der Schweiz.. überein, dass die «Stollenwürmer».. katzenartige köpfen haben."</ref>


Anecdotes describing encounters with the creature can be found in several areas of [[Europe]], including the [[Austria]]n, [[Bavaria]]n, [[Italy|Italian]] and [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[Alps]]. It has several regional names, including ''Stollenwurm'', ''Bergstutz'', ''Springwurm'', ''Praatzelwurm'', and in French, ''arassas''.
Narratives about the creature can be found in several areas of [[Europe]], including the [[Austria]]n, [[Bavaria]]n, [[Italy|Italian]] and [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[Alps]]. It has several regional names, including ''Stollenwurm'', ''Bergstutz'', ''Springwurm'', ''Praatzelwurm'', and in French, ''arassas''.


⚫
The term ''Tatzelwurm'' is not traditionally used in Switzerland,<ref name=doblhoff-apud-kohlrusch&rochholz/> and the creature is usually known by the Swiss as ''Stollenwurm'' or ''Stollwurm'' ("tunnel worm" or "holeworm") in the Bernese Alps.{{fact|date=March 2018}} ''Stollenwurm'' may also interpreted to mean a "serpent" with "short, thick feet" in neighboring dialects.<ref name=doblhoff-apud-kohlrusch&rochholz/>
==Nomenclature==
⚫
The name ''Tatzelwurm'' is not traditionally used in Switzerland,<ref name=doblhoff-apud-kohlrusch&rochholz/> and the creature is usually known by the Swiss as ''Stollenwurm'' or ''Stollwurm'' ("tunnel worm") in the Bernese Alps.{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|Also rendered "dragon of the mine-tunnels".<ref name=lecouteux/>}} ''Stollenwurm'' may also interpreted to mean a "serpent" with "short, thick feet" in neighboring dialects.{{Efn|Dialect of [[Canton of Aargau]], where Stollenwurm were also known, according to {{illm|Ernst Ludwig Rochholz|de}}.}}<ref name=doblhoff-apud-kohlrusch&rochholz/>


''Tatzelwurm'' is the term used in Bavaria, Germany (with variants ''Daazlwurm'' and ''Praazlwurm'').{{sfnp|Dalla Torre|1887|p=214}}
''Tatzelwurm'' is the term used in Bavaria, Germany (with variants ''Daazlwurm'' and ''Praazlwurm'').{{sfnp|Dalla Torre|1887|=214}}
''Bergstutz'' or ''Birgstutz'' ("mountain-stump"){{Refn|''stutzen'' "shortened"<ref name=kuettner-nicholson/>}} was the name in Steiermark ([[Styria]]){{sfnp|Dalla Torre|1887|p=214}}<ref name=unger-schmeller/> and neigboring Tyrol,{{Efn|Specific to [[Zillertal]] in Tyrol, according to Dalla Torre.}}{{sfnp|Dalla Torre|1887|p=214}} or parts of Bavaria.{{Efn|Specific to [[Berchtesgaden]], Bavaria, according to Dalla Torre.}}<ref name=schmeller/>{{sfnp|Dalla Torre|1887|p=214}} Colloquially these were also ''Birgstuz'n'',{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|According to Dalla Torre, in Salzburg, Zillertal, Berchtesgaden ''Birgstuz'n'',{{sfnp|Dalla Torre|1887|p=214}} the contracted form of ''Birgstuzen'',<ref name=kuettner-nicholson/> where ''-en'' is suffixed [[definite article]] in archaic German.}}{{sfnp|Dalla Torre|1887|p=214}} or simply ''Stutzn'', in the valleys of the [[Traun (river)|Traun]] and [[Alm (river)|Alm]] rivers.{{sfnp|Dalla Torre|1887|p=214}}
''Bergstutz'' or ''Birgstutz'' ("mountain-stump"){{fact|date=March 2018}} was the name in Steiermark ([[Styria]]){{sfnp|Dalla Torre|1887|=214}} and neigboring Tyrol,{{sfnp|Dalla Torre|1887|=214}} or parts of Bavaria.{{sfnp|Dalla Torre|1887|=214}} or simply ''Stutzn'', in the valleys of the [[Traun (river)|Traun]] and [[Alm (river)|Alm]] rivers.{{sfnp|Dalla Torre|1887|=214}}
In the French Alps, "arassas" was the applied name of the legendary cat-headed lizard.{{sfnp|Meurger|Gagnon|1988|p=265}}
The version of the cat-headed lizard in the French Alps was called "arassas".{{sfnp|Meurger|Gagnon|1988|p=265}}


==Description==
⚫
[[File:Tatzelwurm.jpg|thumbnail|right|Fountain in [[Kobern-Gondorf]]]]


In the anecdotes, ''Tatzelwurm'' or ''Stollenwurm'' has been described as resembling a stubby lizard, measuring 1 to 4 feet, or up to 6 feet or more in length,{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"| "60 to 90 cm long" (2 to 3 feet); "3 to 6 feet".{{sfnp|Doderer|1996|p=28}} The 1811 sighting measured one [[klafter]] (6 feet), The cat-headed sepent of Switzerland was reputedly at least 7 feet long.{{sfnp|Meurger|Gagnon|1988|p=265}}}} with 2, 4, or 6 feet.<ref>{{harvp|Doblhoff|1896|p=143}}: "«Stollenwürmern».. Zahl der Füße wird mit 2, 4, 6 angegeben"</ref> They are reported sometimes as having a cat-like face, especially in Switzerland.{{sfnp|Studer|König|1814|p=128}}<ref>{{harvp|Doblhoff|1896|p=143}}: "Berichte aus der Schweiz.. überein, dass die «Stollenwürmer».. katzenartige köpfen haben."</ref>


⚫
[[File:Tatzelwurm.jpg|thumbnail|left|Fountain in [[Kobern-Gondorf]]]]
The creatures are reputedly poisonous. The ''Tatzelwurm'' of Austria and Bavaria has been said to have poison breath,<ref name=lecouteux/><ref name=steub/> later exaggerated to being a breath of fatal toxicity.{{sfnp|Ley|1948|p=132}} The ''Stollenwurm'' also has been characterized as poisonous in Swiss lore,{{sfnp|Studer|König|1814|p=128}} and in one anecdotal encounter the dragon caused headache and dizziness with its breath.<ref name=scheuchzer-fig-viii/><ref name=pallmall/>


The Tatzelwurm also allegedly issues a shrieking sound,<ref name=lecouteux/> whistles<ref name=steub/> or hisses.{{sfnp|Ley|1948|pp=133, 138}}

Tales or legends about them occur in the Swiss, Bavarian, and Austrian Alps.
{{clear left}}
{{clear left}}

==17th century accounts==
An early description of dragon ({{lang-la|draco}}) sightings in Switzerland were given by Wagner and then by Scheuchzer, that is to say, {{illm|Johann Jacob Wagner|de}} in 1680,<ref>{{cite book|last=Wagner |first= |title=Historia naturalis |place=Tiguri |publisher=Lindinner |year=1680 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BwxnUUT91G0C&pg=PA247 |pages=247ff}}</ref> and replicated with [[Intaglio (printmaking)|copperplate]] illustrations of the beasts by [[Johann Jakob Scheuchzer]] in 1723.<ref>{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Scheuchzer |first=Johann Jakob |author-link=Johann Jakob Scheuchzer |title=Ouresiphoitēs Helveticus, sive Itinera per helvetiae |volume=III |place=Leiden |publisher=Petri vander Aa |year=1723 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eYVYAAAAcAAJ&&pg=PA378e |pages=378–397}}</ref> These were later interpreted as ''Stollenwurm'' sightings by late commentators.{{Refn|{{illm|Josef von Doblhoff-Dier{{!}}Doblhoff|de|Josef von Doblhoff-Dier}}(1896){{sfnp|Doblhoff|1896|p=143}} and others.}}

The naturalist [[Karl Wilhelm von Dalla Torre]] writing on the "history of dragons of the Alps" in 1887 explained that these eleven creatures could all be identified as species of lizards or snakes (seemingly ignoring the cat-headed features).{{sfnp|Dalla Torre|1887|pp=211–212}} Dalla Torre considered these giant creatures of the past to have died out by his time, alongside the folk belief associated with them, but that the popular notion of the ''Tatzelwurm'' in his day lingered on as a "phantom" of those past legendary creatures.<ref>{{harvp|Dalla Torre|1887|p=213}}"Heute sind sie nun wohl verschwunden, diese Riesenthiere aus der Natur, wie aus dem Volksglauben — doch nicht, ohne zugleich ein anderes Phantom zu hinterlassen. Wer kennt ihn nicht, den Tatzelwurm.."</ref>

In contrast, {{illm|Josef von Doblhoff-Dier{{!}}Josef Freiherr von Doblhoff|de|Josef von Doblhoff-Dier}} counted these early dragons among his "''Tatzelwurm'' of old and now", the title of his [[1896]] paper.{{sfnp|Doblhoff|1896|p=143}} Although Wagner in the 17th century reported each Swiss monster sighted as dragon (''draco''), {{illm|Samuel Studer|de}} in the early 19th century stated that the Alpine Swiss locals were generally unfamiliar with the names ''Drache'' or ''Lindwurm'' and knew only of ''Stollenwurm''.{{sfnp|Studer|König|1814|p=128}}

===Cat-headed dragons===
Several examples reported were dragons with cat-like heads. The first example in Wagner's book was a "cat-headed serpent" with no legs,{{Efn|Encountered by Johann and Thomas Tinner at a place locally known as "Hauwelen" on the mountain of [[Sennwald|Frümsen]] in the Barony of [[Sax-Forstegg|Altsax]]<!--Altensaxus--> ([[Herrschaft (territory)|Herrshaft]] of [[Hohensax]]), Switzerland.}}<ref name=eberhart-cat/>{{sfnp|Doblhoff|1896|p=143}} which is still counted as a type of Tatzelwurm by some.<ref name=eberhart-cat/> It had a body of black-gray color, and measured 7 feet or more.{{sfnp|Meurger|Gagnon|1988|p=265}} The tenth example was a huge four-legged and cat-headed dragon ({{lang-de|Berg-drache}}<ref name=scheuchzer-germ-roduner/>), with boar-like [[Bristle|bristles]] running down its back. It reared up on its hind legs when it encountered the witnesses, and it was as tall as a human (pictured, top right).{{Efn|Encountered ca. 1660 by Andreas Roduner, secretary and flag-bearer for the Altsax ([[Herrschaft (territory)|Herrshaft]] of [[Hohensax]]),<ref name=senti/> although this is given as [[County of Sargans]] in an early German translation.<ref name=scheuchzer-germ-roduner/>}}<ref name=scheuchzer-fig-x>{{harvp|Scheuchzer|1723|pp=395–396}}, fig. X.</ref>{{sfnp|Meurger|Gagnon|1988|p=265}}

===Other Swiss Alpine dragons===
Other dragons were more reptilian. The second example resembled a four-legged lizard with a crest on its head (''Kopfkamm'').{{Efn|Witnessed by Johannes Bueler of [[Sennwald]] Parish, which is near the location of the first or tenth examples given above.}}{{sfnp|Dalla Torre|1887|p=210}} The eighth example was a dragon witnessed on Mt. [[Kamor]] from a nearby resident.{{Efn|Witnessed by 70 yar-old Johannes Egerter of [[Lienz, St. Gallen|Lienz]], again only a few kilometers from Sennwald.}} This dragon had an enormous head and two forelimbs,{{Efn|Two legs on its upper body, in Latin: "ad anteriorem Corporis partem cruribus duobus".}}<ref name=scheuchzer-fig-viii>{{harvp|Scheuchzer|1723|pp=391–392}}, fig. VIII.</ref> and when it blew its breath, it caused a terrible spell of dizziness and headache.<ref name=pallmall/>{{sfnp|Müller|1973|pp=23–26}}


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Lindworm]]
* [[Lindworm]]

==Explanatory notes==
{{notelist}}


==References==
==References==
{{commons category|Tatzelwurm}}
{{commons category|Tatzelwurm}}
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name=doblhoff-apud-kohlrusch&rochholz>{{harvp|Doblhoff|1896|p=142}}, note 3 apud {{harvp|Kohlrusch|1854}} apud Rochholz (1855) ''Aargauer Sagen''. {{de icon}}</ref>
<ref name=doblhoff-apud-kohlrusch&rochholz>{{harvp|Doblhoff|1896|p=142}}, note 3 apud {{harvp|Kohlrusch|1854}} apud Rochholz (1855) ''Aargauer Sagen''.</ref>

<ref name=eberhart-cat>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Eberhart |first=George |title=Cat-Headed Snake |encyclopedia=Mysterious Creatures: A Guide to Cryptozoology|location= |publisher=ABC-CLIO |date=2002 |url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=z9gMsCUtCZUC&pg=PA89 |page=89 |isbn=1576072835 |}} and "Tatzelwurm", p. 538</ref>

<ref name=kuettner-nicholson>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Küttner |first=Carl Gottlob |last2=Nicholson |first2=William |title=der Stuz |encyclopedia=New and Complete Dictionary of the German Language for Englishmen |volume=3 |location= |publisher=E. B. Schwickert |year=1813 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ERtKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA292 |page=292}}</ref>

<ref name=lecouteux>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Lecouteux |first=Claude |author-link=Claude Lecouteux |title=Tatzelwurm |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Norse and Germanic Folklore, Mythology, and Magic |location= |publisher=Simon and Schuster |date=2016 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vmAoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT344 |page=344 |isbn=162055481X |}}, apud {{harvp|Doblhoff|1896}}</ref>

<ref name=pallmall>{{cite journal |author=anonymous |title=Epidemical Credulity |journal=The Pall Mall Budget |volume=11 |year=1874 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O7w_AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA8 |page=8}}</ref>

<ref name=scheuchzer-germ-roduner>{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Scheuchzer |first=Johann Jakob |author-link=Johann Jakob Scheuchzer |title=Natur-Geschichte des Schweizerlandes |volume=2 |place=|publisher=bey David Gessner |year=1746|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfEOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA236 |page=236–237}} {{de icon}}</ref>

<ref name=schmeller>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Schmeller |first=Johann Andreas |title=Der Stutzen (d) |encyclopedia=Bayerisches Wörterbuch: Sammlung von Wörtern und Ausdrücken |volume=3 |location= |publisher=Cotta |year=1836 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VRNRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA674 |page=674}} {{de icon}}</ref>

<ref name=senti>{{cite book|last=Senti |first=Alois |author-link=:de:Alois Senti |title=Erfragte Vergangenheit: das Sarganserland in den Sagen und Anekdoten |location= |publisher=Staatsarchiv St. Gallen |year=2001 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8NfWAAAAMAAJ&q=roduner |page=359}} {{de icon}}</ref>

<ref name=steub>{{cite book|last=Senti |first=Alois |title=Wanderungen im bayerischen Gebirge |location= |publisher=Staatsarchiv St. Gallen |year=2001 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4LxcAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA23 |page=23|quotation=Hauch und Anpfiff giftig sind}} {{de icon}}</ref>

<ref name=unger-schmeller>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Unger |first=Theodor |title=Birgstutzen |encyclopedia=Steirischer Wortschatz als Ergänzung zu Schmellers Bayerischem Wörterbuch |location= |publisher=Leuschner u. Lubensky's Universitäts-Buchhandlung |year=1903 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-HQVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA85 |page=85}} {{de icon}}</ref>


}}
}}
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;Bibliography
;Bibliography
{{Refbegin}}
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite journal|ref=harv|last=Dalla Torre |first=Karl Wilhelm von |author-link=Karl Wilhelm von Dalla Torre |title=Die Drachensage im Alpengebiet |journal=Zeitschrift des deutschen und oesterreichischen Alpenverins |volume=18 |year=1887 |url=https://books.google.com/books/?id=vtguAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA208 |pages=208–226}}
*{{cite journal|last=Dalla Torre |first=Karl Wilhelm von |author-link=Karl Wilhelm von Dalla Torre |title=Die Drachensage im Alpengebiet |journal=Zeitschrift des deutschen und oesterreichischen Alpenverins |volume=18 |year=1887 |url=https://books.google.com/books/?id=vtguAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA208 |pages=208–226}}
*{{cite journal|ref=harv|last=Doblhoff |first=Joseph von |author-link=Josef von Doblhoff-Dier |title=Altes und Neues vom 'Tatzelwurm' |journal=Zeitschrift für österreichische Volkskunde |volume=I |year=1896 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SToSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA142 |pages=142–166, 261–265}}
*{{cite journal|ref=harv|last=Doblhoff |first=Joseph von |title=Altes und Neues vom 'Tatzelwurm' |journal=Zeitschrift für österreichische Volkskunde |volume=I |year=1896 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SToSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA142 |pages=142–}}
*{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Doderer |first=Heimito von |editor-last=Schmidt-Dengler |editor-first=Wendelin |title=Die Wiederkehr der Drachen |publisher=C.H.Beck |year=1996 |origyear=1959 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0EgXbsOENJcC&pg=PA28 |pages=28ff}}
*{{cite book|last=Kohlrusch |first= |title=Schweizerisches Sagenbuch |publisher=ZR. Hoffmann |year=1854 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hnONuiXXdhMC&pg=PA48 |pages=47–49, 170}}
**{{cite journal|last=Doderer |first=Heimito von |title=Die Wiederkehr der Drachen |journal=Atlantis: Länder, Völker, Reisen |volume=31 |year=1959 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gQYYAQAAMAAJ&q=Tatzelwurm |pages=101–150}}
*{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Meurger |first=Michel |last2=Gagnon |first2=Claude |title=Lake monster traditions: a cross-cultural analysis |publisher=Fortean Tomes |year=1988|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=ja&id=I1HbAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Hauwelen%22 |pages=}}


*{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Kohlrusch |first= |title=Schweizerisches Sagenbuch |publisher=ZR. Hoffmann |year=1854 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hnONuiXXdhMC&pg=PA48 |pages=47–49, 170}}
*{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Doderer |first=Heimito von |editor-last=Schmidt-Dengler |editor-first=Wendelin |title=Die Wiederkehr der Drachen |publisher=C.H.Beck |year=1996 |origyear=1959 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0EgXbsOENJcC&pg=PA28 |pages=28ff}}
*{{cite book |ref=harv|last=Ley |first=Willy |author-link=Willy Ley |title=The Lungfish, the Dodo & the Unicorn: An Excursion Into Romantic Zoology |location= |publisher=Viking Press |date=1948 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lr4LAQAAIAAJ&q=Tatzelwurm |pages=131–139}}
*{{cite journal|last=Doderer |first=Heimito von |title=Die Wiederkehr der Drachen |journal=Atlantis: Länder, Völker, Reisen |volume=31 |year=1959 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gQYYAQAAMAAJ&q=Tatzelwurm |pages=101–150}}
*{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Meurger |first=Michel |last2=Gagnon |first2=Claude |title=Lake monster traditions: a cross-cultural analysis |publisher=Fortean Tomes |year=1988|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=ja&id=I1HbAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Hauwelen%22 |pages=}}
*{{cite journal|ref=harv|last=Müller|first=Hans Richard |author-link=<!--Hans Richard Müller--> |title=Scheuchzer's Dragons. An Entertainment |journal=Swiss Review of World Affairss |volume=XXIII |number=5 |year=1973<!--1973/74--> |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mhAMAQAAMAAJ&q=dragon |pages=23–26}}
*{{cite book|ref={{SfnRef|Studer|König|1814}}|last=Studer first=Samuel |title=Ueber die Insekten dieser Gegend und etwas vom Stollenwurm (Cannellée) |editor-last=König |editor-first=Franz Niklaus |editor-link=Franz Niklaus König |work=Reise in die Alpen |publisher=F. N. König |year=1814 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vo49AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA128 |pages=120–139}}


{{Refend}}
{{Refend}}

Revision as of 16:25, 10 March 2018

For other uses, see Tatzelwurm (disambiguation).
18th century cat-headed illustration

In Alpine folklore, the Tatzelwurm is a lizard-like creature, often described as having the face of a cat, with a serpent-like body which may be slender or stubby, with four short legs, or sometimes with no hind legs.[1] They are sometimes described as having a cat-like face, especially in Switzerland.[2]

Narratives about the creature can be found in several areas of Europe, including the Austrian, Bavarian, Italian and Swiss Alps. It has several regional names, including Stollenwurm, Bergstutz, Springwurm, Praatzelwurm, and in French, arassas.

The term Tatzelwurm is not traditionally used in Switzerland,[3] and the creature is usually known by the Swiss as Stollenwurm or Stollwurm ("tunnel worm" or "holeworm") in the Bernese Alps.[citation needed] Stollenwurm may also interpreted to mean a "serpent" with "short, thick feet" in neighboring dialects.[3]

Tatzelwurm is the term used in Bavaria, Germany (with variants Daazlwurm and Praazlwurm).[4]

Bergstutz or Birgstutz ("mountain-stump")[citation needed] was the name in Steiermark (Styria)[4] and neigboring Tyrol,[4] or parts of Bavaria.[4] or simply Stutzn, in the valleys of the Traun and Alm rivers.[4]

The version of the cat-headed lizard in the French Alps was called "arassas".[5]


Fountain in Kobern-Gondorf

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tatzelwurm.
  1. ^ Doblhoff (1896), p. 143: "«Stollenwürmern».. Zahl der Füße wird mit 2, 4, 6 angegeben"
  2. ^ Doblhoff (1896), p. 143: "Berichte aus der Schweiz.. überein, dass die «Stollenwürmer».. katzenartige köpfen haben."
  3. ^ a b Doblhoff (1896), p. 142, note 3 apud Kohlrusch (1854) apud Rochholz (1855) Aargauer Sagen.
  4. ^ a b c d e Dalla Torre (1887).
  5. ^ Meurger & Gagnon (1988), p. 265.
Bibliography
  • Dalla Torre, Karl Wilhelm von (1887). "Die Drachensage im Alpengebiet". Zeitschrift des deutschen und oesterreichischen Alpenverins. 18: 208–226.
  • Doblhoff, Joseph von (1896). "Altes und Neues vom 'Tatzelwurm'". Zeitschrift für österreichische Volkskunde. I: 142–. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Kohlrusch (1854). Schweizerisches Sagenbuch. ZR. Hoffmann. pp. 47–49, 170.
  • Meurger, Michel; Gagnon, Claude (1988). Lake monster traditions: a cross-cultural analysis. Fortean Tomes. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
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