Ulmus glabra 'Horizontalis': Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Elm cultivar}} |
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ulmus glabra'' 'Horizontalis'}} |
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{{Infobox Cultivar |
{{Infobox Cultivar |
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| name = ''Ulmus glabra'' 'Horizontalis' |
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| image = Ulmus glabra |
| image = Ulmus glabra 'Horizontalis'. Seafield Cemetery, Edinburgh (1).jpg |
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| image_caption = 'Horizontalis', |
| image_caption = 'Horizontalis', Seafield Cemetery, Edinburgh |
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| species = ''[[Ulmus glabra]]'' |
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| cultivar = 'Horizontalis' |
| cultivar = 'Horizontalis' |
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| origin = Perth, Scotland |
| origin = Perth, Scotland |
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}} |
}} |
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The [[Wych Elm]] [[cultivar]] '''''Ulmus glabra''''' ''''Horizontalis'''', commonly known as the '''Weeping Wych Elm''' or '''Horizontal Elm''', was discovered in a [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]] nursery circa 1816. The tree was originally identified as 'Pendula' by [[Loddiges]] (London), in his catalogue of 1836, a name adopted by [[John Claudius Loudon|Loudon]] two years later in [https://archive.org/stream/arboretumetfruti03loudrich#page/1398/mode/1up ''Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum'', 3: 1398, 1838], but later sunk as a synonym for 'Horizontalis'.<ref name=Green>{{cite journal |last=Green |first=Peter Shaw | |
The [[Wych Elm]] [[cultivar]] '''''Ulmus glabra''''' ''''Horizontalis'''', commonly known as the '''Weeping Wych Elm''' or '''Horizontal Elm''', was discovered in a [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]] nursery circa 1816. The tree was originally identified as 'Pendula' by [[Loddiges]] (London), in his catalogue of 1836, a name adopted by [[John Claudius Loudon|Loudon]] two years later in [https://archive.org/stream/arboretumetfruti03loudrich#page/1398/mode/1up ''Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum'', 3: 1398, 1838], but later sunk as a synonym for 'Horizontalis'.<ref name=Green>{{cite journal |last=Green |first=Peter Shaw |author-link=Peter Shaw Green |date=1964 |title=Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus|url=https://archive.org/stream/arnoldiaarno_21#page/40/mode/2up/|journal=Arnoldia |volume=24|pages=41–80 |number=6–8 |publisher=[[Arnold Arboretum]], [[Harvard University]] |access-date=16 February 2017}}</ref> |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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'Horizontalis' has branches that extend out horizontally with weeping branchlets. It is usually grafted onto a tall understock of ''[[Ulmus glabra]]'' to effectively display its weeping habit. The tree can eventually grow to a height of 20 metres with a similar spread.<ref name=Elwes>Elwes |
'Horizontalis' has branches that extend out horizontally with weeping branchlets. It is usually grafted onto a tall understock of ''[[Ulmus glabra]]'' to effectively display its weeping habit. The tree can eventually grow to a height of 20 metres with a similar spread.<ref name=Elwes>{{cite book|last1=Elwes|first1=Henry John|author-link1=Henry John Elwes|last2=Henry|first2=Augustine|author-link2=Augustine Henry|date=1913|title=The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland|volume=7|pages=1867|url=https://archive.org/stream/treesofgreatbrit07elweuoft#page/1867/mode/2up}}</ref> It can be distinguished from the related [[Camperdown Elm]] by its more spreading and flattened canopy and much larger mature size, although its shape does vary widely, as noted by [[John Claudius Loudon|Loudon]]: "A beautiful...tree generally growing to one side, spreading its branches out in a fan-like manner...sometimes horizontally and at other times almost perpendicularly downwards so that the head of the tree exhibits great variety of shape".<ref name=Nicholson>{{cite book|last=Nicholson|first=George |date=1888|title=The illustrated dictionary of gardening|volume=8|page=120|url=https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000409364#page/120/mode/2up}}</ref> |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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File:Leaves of Ulmus glabra 'Horizontalis'.jpg|Dried short-shoot 'Horizontalis' leaves (August)<ref>{{Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh |id=E00824872 }} Sheet described as ''U. montana horizontalis''; RBGE specimen from [[Späth nursery]], 1902; {{Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh |id=E00824873 }} Sheet described as ''U. montana horizontalis''; RBGE specimen from [[Späth nursery]], 1902</ref> |
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Image:FernhillWeepingElm.jpg|Weeping Elm (''Ulmus glabra'' 'Horizontalis') in Fernhill Cemetery, New Brunswick. |
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File:St Philip's Cathedral churchyard - geograph.org.uk - 1604362.jpg|'Horizontalis', St Philip's Cathedral churchyard, Birmingham |
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Image:Top of pendula.jpg|Top of |
Image:Top of pendula.jpg|Top of 'Horizontalis' in Royal Pavilion Gardens, Brighton, UK, in 1988 |
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File:Ulmus glabra 'Horizontalis'. Seafield Cemetery, Edinburgh (2).jpg|An expert graft, for even, horizontal growth |
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File:Ulmus glabra 'Horizontalis' samarae. East gate, Warriston Cemetery. Edinburgh.jpg|'Horizontalis' [[samara (fruit)|samarae]] |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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==Cultivation== |
==Cultivation== |
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The cultivar was found in a bed of seedling in the Perth Nursery, the plant was purchased by [[:de:James Booth (Landschaftsgärtner)|Booth]] of [[Hamburg]], Germany, who then distributed it.<ref name=Elwes/><ref name=gardmag>{{cite journal |date=1843 |title=Arbocultural Notices|journal=The Gardener's Magazine|volume=9|pages=442|url=https://archive.org/stream/gardenersmagazin91843loud#page/442/mode/2up}}</ref> Specimens supplied by the [[Späth nursery]] to the [[Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh]] in 1902 as ''U. montana'' 'Horizontalis' may survive in [[Edinburgh]] as it was the practice of the Garden to distribute trees about the city (viz. the [[Ulmus 'Wentworthii'|Wentworth Elm]]);<ref name=Edinburgh>{{cite book |date=1902|title=Accessions book|publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh|pages=45,47|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Botanic_Garden_Edinburgh._(1902)._Accessions_book_pages_45,47.jpg}}</ref> the current list of Living Accessions held in the Garden ''per se'' does not list the plant.<ref name=RBGE>{{cite web|title=List of Living Accessions: Ulmus|publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh|access-date=21 September 2016|url=http://elmer.rbge.org.uk/bgbase/livcol/bgbaselivcol.php?eti=Ulmus&countOnly=&cfg=bgbase%2Flivcol%2Fbgbaselivcol.cfg&acc__num=}}</ref> |
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==Notable trees== |
==Notable trees== |
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There are two notable [[Tree Register |
There are two notable [[The Tree Register|T.R.O.B.I.]] "champion" trees in the British Isles: one at Rathmullan House, [[County Donegal]], measuring {{convert|6|m|ft}} high by {{convert|114|cm|in}} [[diameter at breast height|DBH]] in 2010, and the other at Glen Mooar, [[Isle of Man]], measuring {{convert|14|m|ft}} high by {{convert|84|cm|in}} DBH in 1998.<ref>{{cite book|first=Owen|last=Johnson|title=Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland|publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]|date=19 May 2011|page=169|isbn=9781842464526}}.</ref> |
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<gallery> |
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Ulmus glabra horizontalis.jpg|Old 'Horizontalis', [[Ballarat]] Botanical Garden, Australia |
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</gallery> |
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==Synonymy== |
==Synonymy== |
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*'Tabletop Elm': <small>Anon.</small> |
*'Tabletop Elm': <small>Anon.</small> |
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*''Ulmus glabra'' 'Pendula' <small>Anon.</small> |
*''Ulmus glabra'' 'Pendula' <small>Anon.</small> |
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*''Ulmus montana (: glabra)'' var. ''decumbens'': [[William Masters (botanist)|Masters]], [https://books.google. |
*''Ulmus montana (: glabra)'' var. ''decumbens'': [[William Masters (botanist)|Masters]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=SfdaAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA67 ''Hortus Duroverni'', 67, 1831], name in synonymy. |
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*''Ulmus montana (: glabra)'' var. ''pendula''. [[Loddiges]], ([[Hackney Central|Hackney]], [[London]]), Catalogue 1836, and [[John Claudius Loudon|Loudon]], ''Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum'', 3: 1398, 1838, also by [[Johann Gerd Krüssmann|Krüssmann]] in Parey ''Blumengartn.'' ed. 2, 1: 519, 1958, as a cultivar. |
*''Ulmus montana (: glabra)'' var. ''pendula''. [[Loddiges]], ([[Hackney Central|Hackney]], [[London]]), Catalogue 1836, and [[John Claudius Loudon|Loudon]], ''Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum'', 3: 1398, 1838, also by [[Johann Gerd Krüssmann|Krüssmann]] in Parey ''Blumengartn.'' ed. 2, 1: 519, 1958, as a cultivar. |
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*''Ulmus montana (: glabra)'' 'Parasol': [[Karl Koch (botanist)|Koch]], [https://archive.org/stream/dendrologiebum02kochuoft#page/n424/mode/1up ''Dendrologie; Bäume, Sträucher und Halbsträucher, welche in Mittel- und Nord- Europa im Freien kultivirt werden'' 2 (1): 417, 1872], name in synonymy. |
*''Ulmus montana (: glabra)'' 'Parasol': [[Karl Koch (botanist)|Koch]], [https://archive.org/stream/dendrologiebum02kochuoft#page/n424/mode/1up ''Dendrologie; Bäume, Sträucher und Halbsträucher, welche in Mittel- und Nord- Europa im Freien kultivirt werden'' 2 (1): 417, 1872], name in synonymy. |
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*''Ulmus pendulina'': [[George Sinclair (horticulturist)|Sinclair]], in [[James Donn|Donn]], ''Hortus Cantabrigensis'' ed. 12. 110, 1831, but without description. |
*''Ulmus pendulina'': [[George Sinclair (horticulturist)|Sinclair]], in [[James Donn|Donn]], ''Hortus Cantabrigensis'' ed. 12. 110, 1831, but without description. |
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==Varieties== |
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A variegated sport of 'Horizontalis', [[Ulmus glabra 'Pendula Variegata'|'Pendula Variegata']], was in cultivation in the 19th and early 20th centuries. |
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==Accessions== |
==Accessions== |
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;North America |
;North America |
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*[[Dawes Arboretum]] [http://www.dawesarb.org/collectionsgardens/plant-search.asp], [[Newark, Ohio]]. 2 trees, no acc. details available. |
*[[Dawes Arboretum]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20071025005915/http://www.dawesarb.org/collectionsgardens/plant-search.asp], [[Newark, Ohio]], US. 2 trees, no acc. details available. |
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*[[Holden Arboretum]]. Acc. no. 55-1033 (as ''U. glabra'' 'Pendula'). |
*[[Holden Arboretum]], US. Acc. no. 55-1033 (as ''U. glabra'' 'Pendula'). |
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*[[Morris Arboretum]] [http://www.business-services.upenn.edu/arboretum/living2.html], [[University of Pennsylvania]]. Acc. no. 56-239-A |
*[[Morris Arboretum]] [http://www.business-services.upenn.edu/arboretum/living2.html], [[University of Pennsylvania]], US. Acc. no. 56-239-A |
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*Kenyon College has a weeping elm called the upside-down tree near Ransom Hall. |
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;Europe |
;Europe |
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*[[Arboretum de La Petite Loiterie]] [http://lapetiteloiterie.free.fr/html/presentation/especes.html], [[Monthodon]], France. No details available |
*[[Arboretum de La Petite Loiterie]] [http://lapetiteloiterie.free.fr/html/presentation/especes.html], [[Monthodon]], France. No details available |
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*[[Brighton & Hove]] City Council, UK |
*[[Brighton & Hove]] City Council, UK. [[NCCPG]] Elm Collection.<ref name=Brighton>{{cite web|title=List of plants in the {elm} collection|publisher=Brighton & Hove City Council|access-date=23 September 2016|url=http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/content/leisure-and-libraries/parks-and-green-spaces/list-plants-collection}}</ref> Several trees, largest in [[Royal Pavilion]] Grounds. |
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*[[Dubrava Arboretum]], |
*[[Dubrava Arboretum]], Lithuania. No details available. |
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*Hortus Botanicus Nationalis, [[Salaspils]], |
*Hortus Botanicus Nationalis, [[Salaspils]], Latvia. Acc. nos. 18112, 18113, (as ''U. glabra'' 'Pendula'). |
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*[[Linnaean Garden|Linnaean Gardens of Uppsala]], Finland. Acc. nos. 1976-1051, 1974-1111, 1977-1092 (as forma ''pendula'', and 'Pendula' resp.). |
*[[Linnaean Garden|Linnaean Gardens of Uppsala]], Finland. Acc. nos. 1976-1051, 1974-1111, 1977-1092 (as forma ''pendula'', and 'Pendula' resp.). |
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*[[Sir Harold Hillier Gardens]], [[Ampfield]], [[Hampshire]], UK; acc. no. 1977.5056 |
*[[Sir Harold Hillier Gardens]], [[Ampfield]], [[Hampshire]], UK; acc. no. 1977.5056 |
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*Strona Arboretum [[Ulmus lamellosa]], University of Life Sciences, [[Warsaw]], Poland. Listed as ''Ulmus glabra'' 'Pendula' |
*Strona Arboretum [[Ulmus lamellosa]], University of Life Sciences, [[Warsaw]], Poland. Listed as ''Ulmus glabra'' 'Pendula' |
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*[[Tallinn]] Botanic Garden, |
*[[Tallinn]] Botanic Garden, Estonia [http://www.tba.ee/index.php?lang=eng]. Listed as 'Pendula'; no accession details available. |
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*[[University of Copenhagen]], Denmark. Listed as ''Ulmus glabra'' 'Pendula'; no accession details available. |
*[[University of Copenhagen]], Denmark. Listed as ''Ulmus glabra'' 'Pendula'; no accession details available. |
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*Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris, France: Fine examples around the cathedral in 2007. |
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*Cheyenne Walk, Chelsea, London, UK- Line of four trees in the heart of Chelsea. |
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===Australasia=== |
===Australasia=== |
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*[[Smeaton, Victoria]]: Corringarra Road: A line of six trees with different foliage from type,. These could be Petzold's 'Scampstoniensis Pendula' trees as they bear resemblance to 'Horizontalis', but are not typical of the type. |
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==Nurseries== |
==Nurseries== |
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===Europe=== |
===Europe=== |
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*Arboretum Waasland [http://www.arboretum-waasland.be/English.htm], [[Nieuwkerken-Waas]], Belgium, (as ''U. glabra'' 'Pendula'). |
*Arboretum Waasland [http://www.arboretum-waasland.be/English.htm], [[Nieuwkerken-Waas]], Belgium, (as ''U. glabra'' 'Pendula'). |
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*Boomwekerijen 'De Batterijen', [[Ochten]], Netherlands [http://www.treecommerce.com/batterijen/resultaten_pagina.asp?page=1&taal=&zoekplant=Ulmus] (as ''Ulmus glabra'' Pendula) |
*Boomwekerijen 'De Batterijen', [[Ochten]], Netherlands [http://www.treecommerce.com/batterijen/resultaten_pagina.asp?page=1&taal=&zoekplant=Ulmus] (as ''Ulmus glabra'' Pendula) |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars |state=collapsed}} |
{{Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars |state=collapsed}} |
Latest revision as of 17:50, 10 January 2024
Ulmus glabra 'Horizontalis' | |
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Species | Ulmus glabra |
Cultivar | 'Horizontalis' |
Origin | Perth, Scotland |
The Wych Elm cultivar Ulmus glabra 'Horizontalis', commonly known as the Weeping Wych Elm or Horizontal Elm, was discovered in a Perth nursery circa 1816. The tree was originally identified as 'Pendula' by Loddiges (London), in his catalogue of 1836, a name adopted by Loudon two years later in Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum, 3: 1398, 1838, but later sunk as a synonym for 'Horizontalis'.[1]
Description
[edit]'Horizontalis' has branches that extend out horizontally with weeping branchlets. It is usually grafted onto a tall understock of Ulmus glabra to effectively display its weeping habit. The tree can eventually grow to a height of 20 metres with a similar spread.[2] It can be distinguished from the related Camperdown Elm by its more spreading and flattened canopy and much larger mature size, although its shape does vary widely, as noted by Loudon: "A beautiful...tree generally growing to one side, spreading its branches out in a fan-like manner...sometimes horizontally and at other times almost perpendicularly downwards so that the head of the tree exhibits great variety of shape".[3]
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Dried short-shoot 'Horizontalis' leaves (August)[4]
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'Horizontalis', St Philip's Cathedral churchyard, Birmingham
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Top of 'Horizontalis' in Royal Pavilion Gardens, Brighton, UK, in 1988
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An expert graft, for even, horizontal growth
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'Horizontalis' samarae
Pests and diseases
[edit]'Horizontalis' is not known to be any less susceptible to Dutch elm disease than the species.
Cultivation
[edit]The cultivar was found in a bed of seedling in the Perth Nursery, the plant was purchased by Booth of Hamburg, Germany, who then distributed it.[2][5] Specimens supplied by the Späth nursery to the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in 1902 as U. montana 'Horizontalis' may survive in Edinburgh as it was the practice of the Garden to distribute trees about the city (viz. the Wentworth Elm);[6] the current list of Living Accessions held in the Garden per se does not list the plant.[7]
'Horizontalis' was also known to have been marketed in Poland in the 19th century by the Ulrich nursery.[8] Warsaw.
Notable trees
[edit]There are two notable T.R.O.B.I. "champion" trees in the British Isles: one at Rathmullan House, County Donegal, measuring 6 metres (20 ft) high by 114 centimetres (45 in) DBH in 2010, and the other at Glen Mooar, Isle of Man, measuring 14 metres (46 ft) high by 84 centimetres (33 in) DBH in 1998.[9]
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Old 'Horizontalis', Ballarat Botanical Garden, Australia
Synonymy
[edit]- 'Tabletop Elm': Anon.
- Ulmus glabra 'Pendula' Anon.
- Ulmus montana (: glabra) var. decumbens: Masters, Hortus Duroverni, 67, 1831, name in synonymy.
- Ulmus montana (: glabra) var. pendula. Loddiges, (Hackney, London), Catalogue 1836, and Loudon, Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum, 3: 1398, 1838, also by Krüssmann in Parey Blumengartn. ed. 2, 1: 519, 1958, as a cultivar.
- Ulmus montana (: glabra) 'Parasol': Koch, Dendrologie; Bäume, Sträucher und Halbsträucher, welche in Mittel- und Nord- Europa im Freien kultivirt werden 2 (1): 417, 1872, name in synonymy.
- Ulmus pendulina: Sinclair, in Donn, Hortus Cantabrigensis ed. 12. 110, 1831, but without description.
Varieties
[edit]A variegated sport of 'Horizontalis', 'Pendula Variegata', was in cultivation in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Accessions
[edit]- North America
- Dawes Arboretum [1], Newark, Ohio, US. 2 trees, no acc. details available.
- Holden Arboretum, US. Acc. no. 55-1033 (as U. glabra 'Pendula').
- Morris Arboretum [2], University of Pennsylvania, US. Acc. no. 56-239-A
- Europe
- Arboretum de La Petite Loiterie [3], Monthodon, France. No details available
- Brighton & Hove City Council, UK. NCCPG Elm Collection.[10] Several trees, largest in Royal Pavilion Grounds.
- Dubrava Arboretum, Lithuania. No details available.
- Hortus Botanicus Nationalis, Salaspils, Latvia. Acc. nos. 18112, 18113, (as U. glabra 'Pendula').
- Linnaean Gardens of Uppsala, Finland. Acc. nos. 1976-1051, 1974-1111, 1977-1092 (as forma pendula, and 'Pendula' resp.).
- Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, Ampfield, Hampshire, UK; acc. no. 1977.5056
- Strona Arboretum Ulmus lamellosa, University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. Listed as Ulmus glabra 'Pendula'
- Tallinn Botanic Garden, Estonia [4]. Listed as 'Pendula'; no accession details available.
- University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Listed as Ulmus glabra 'Pendula'; no accession details available.
Australasia
[edit]- Ballarat Botanical Gardens, Australia. One tree listed on the Significant Tree Register of the National Trust.
- Eastwoodhill Arboretum [5], Gisborne, New Zealand. 2 trees, details not known.
- Hascombe, Mount Macedon, Australia. 100 years old (2009).
Nurseries
[edit]Europe
[edit]- Arboretum Waasland [6], Nieuwkerken-Waas, Belgium, (as U. glabra 'Pendula').
- Boomwekerijen 'De Batterijen', Ochten, Netherlands [7] (as Ulmus glabra Pendula)
- Dulford Nurseries, Cullompton, Devon, UK [8] (as Ulmus glabra 'Pendula')
- UmbraFlor [9], Spello, Italy (as Ulmus montana 'Pendula')
- Westerveld Boomkwekerij B.V.[10], Opheusden, The Netherlands (as Ulmus glabra 'Pendula').
Australasia
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Green, Peter Shaw (1964). "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus". Arnoldia. 24 (6–8). Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University: 41–80. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
- ^ a b Elwes, Henry John; Henry, Augustine (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol. 7. p. 1867.
- ^ Nicholson, George (1888). The illustrated dictionary of gardening. Vol. 8. p. 120.
- ^ "Herbarium specimen - E00824872". Herbarium Catalogue. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Sheet described as U. montana horizontalis; RBGE specimen from Späth nursery, 1902; "Herbarium specimen - E00824873". Herbarium Catalogue. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Sheet described as U. montana horizontalis; RBGE specimen from Späth nursery, 1902
- ^ "Arbocultural Notices". The Gardener's Magazine. 9: 442. 1843.
- ^ Accessions book. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. 1902. pp. 45, 47.
- ^ "List of Living Accessions: Ulmus". Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
- ^ Ulrich, C. (1894), Katalog Drzew i Krezewow, C. Ulrich, Rok 1893-94, Warszawa
- ^ Johnson, Owen (19 May 2011). Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. p. 169. ISBN 9781842464526..
- ^ "List of plants in the {elm} collection". Brighton & Hove City Council. Retrieved 23 September 2016.