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|colspan ="4" style="background-color:#efefef;text-align:center;" | '''Principalities''' (''Fürstentümer'') |
|colspan ="4" style="background-color:#efefef;text-align:center;" | '''Principalities''' (''Fürstentümer'') |
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| [[Image:Flag of Liechtenstein (1852–1921).svg|25px|border|link=]] |
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| '''[[Liechtenstein]]''' |
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| [[Vaduz]] |
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| [[Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein|Johann II]] |
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| [[Image:Flagge Fürstentum Lippe.svg|25px|border|link=]] |
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|colspan ="4" style="background-color:#efefef;text-align:center;" | '''Principalities''' (''Fürstentümer'') |
|colspan ="4" style="background-color:#efefef;text-align:center;" | '''Principalities''' (''Fürstentümer'') |
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| [[Image:Flag of Liechtenstein (1852–1921).svg|25px|border|link=]] |
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| '''[[Liechtenstein]]''' |
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| [[Vaduz]] |
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| [[Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein|Johann II]] |
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| [[Image:Flagge Fürstentum Lippe.svg|25px|border|link=]] |
| [[Image:Flagge Fürstentum Lippe.svg|25px|border|link=]] |
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|colspan ="4" style="background-color:#efefef;text-align:center;" | '''Principalities''' (''Fürstentümer'') |
|colspan ="4" style="background-color:#efefef;text-align:center;" | '''Principalities''' (''Fürstentümer'') |
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| [[Image:Flag of Liechtenstein (1852–1921).svg|25px|border|link=]] |
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| '''[[Liechtenstein]]''' |
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| [[Vaduz]] |
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| [[Franz I, Prince of Liechtenstein|Franz I]] |
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| [[Image:Flagge Fürstentum Lippe.svg|25px|border|link=]] |
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| {{flag|Kingdom of Italy}} |
| {{flag|Kingdom of Italy}} |
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| {{flag|Austrian Empire}} |
| {{flag|Austrian Empire}} |
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| 1866 |
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| 1869 |
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| [[Cretan Revolt (1866–1869)|First Balkan War]] |
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| {{flag|Cretan State}}<br /> |
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{{flag|Kingdom of Greece}} <small>(from 1867)</small><br /> |
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{{flag|Principality of Serbia}} <small>(from 1867)</small><br /> |
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{{flag|Kingdom of Romania}} <small>(from 1867)</small><br /> |
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{{flag|Principality of Montenegro}} <small>(from 1867)</small><br /> |
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{{flagdeco|Kingdom of Bulgaria}} [[Opalchentsi|Bulgarian Legion]] <small>(from 1867)</small> |
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| {{flag|Ottoman Empire}} |
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|- |
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| 1867 |
| 1867 |
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| {{flagicon|France}} [[Second French Empire]]<br /> |
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Second French Empire]]<br /> |
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{{flag|Austria-Hungary}}<br /> |
{{flag|Austria-Hungary}}<br /> |
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{{flag|Papal States}} |
{{flag|Papal States}}<br /> |
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{{flagicon|Liechtenstein|1852}} [[Liechtenstein]] |
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|- |
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| 1867 |
| 1867 |
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{{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg).svg}} Croatian rebels<br /> |
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg).svg}} Croatian rebels<br /> |
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{{flagicon image|Transylvania - Siebenbürgen - Erdély - Transilvania v1.svg}} Romanian rebels |
{{flagicon image|Transylvania - Siebenbürgen - Erdély - Transilvania v1.svg}} Romanian rebels |
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|- |
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| 1866 |
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| 1869 |
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| [[Cretan Revolt (1866–1869)|First Balkan War]] |
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| {{flag|Ottoman Empire}}<br /> |
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'''Supported:'''<br /> |
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{{flag|United Kingdom}} <small>(from 1867)</small> |
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| {{flag|Cretan State}}<br /> |
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{{flag|Kingdom of Greece}} <small>(from 1867)</small><br /> |
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{{flag|Principality of Serbia}} <small>(from 1867)</small><br /> |
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{{flag|Kingdom of Romania}} <small>(from 1867)</small><br /> |
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{{flag|Principality of Montenegro}} <small>(from 1867)</small><br /> |
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{{flagdeco|Kingdom of Bulgaria}} [[Opalchentsi|Bulgarian Legion]] <small>(from 1867)</small> |
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|- |
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| 1876 |
| 1876 |
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{{flagicon image|Flag of the Constitutional Kingdom of France (proposed).svg}} [[Prince_Philippe,_Count_of_Paris#Restoration_of_French_monarchy|Orléanist Algeria]] |
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Constitutional Kingdom of France (proposed).svg}} [[Prince_Philippe,_Count_of_Paris#Restoration_of_French_monarchy|Orléanist Algeria]] |
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==[[Austro-Prussian War]]== |
==[[Austro-Prussian War]]== |
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===Aftermath and consequences=== |
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====For the defeated parties==== |
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In addition to war reparations, the following territorial changes took place: |
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* Austria: Surrendered the province of [[Venetia (region)|Venetia]] and some [[Dalmatia|Dalmatian]] islands to Italy. Austria then lost all official influence over member states of the former German Confederation. Austria’s defeat was a telling blow to Habsburg rule; the Empire was briefly transformed via the [[Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867]] into the dual monarchy of [[Austria-Hungary]] in the following year, though this would rapidly disintegrate. |
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* Schleswig and Holstein: Became the Prussian [[Schleswig-Holstein Province|Province of Schleswig-Holstein]]. |
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* Saxony: Annexed by Prussia, became the [[Province of Saxony]]. |
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* Hesse-Darmstadt: Surrendered to Prussia the small territory it had acquired earlier in 1866 on the extinction of the ruling house of Hesse-Homburg. The northern half of the remaining land joined the [[North German Confederation]]. |
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* Nassau, Hesse-Kassel, Frankfurt: Annexed by Prussia. Combined with the territory surrendered by Hesse-Darmstadt to form the new [[Hesse-Nassau|Province of Hesse-Nassau]]. |
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* Hanover, Saxe-Meiningen, Reuss-Greiz, Schaumburg-Lippe: Spared from annexation but joined the [[North German Confederation]] in the following year. |
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==[[World War One|Great European War]]== |
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{{Infobox military conflict |
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| conflict = Great European War |
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| date = {{start and end dates|1899|7|28|1901|11|11|df=yes}}<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=7|day1=28|year1=1899|month2=11|day2=11|year2=1901}}) |
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| place = [[Europe]], [[Middle East]], [[Caucasus]], [[Africa]], [[Asia]], [[Oceania]] |
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| result = [[Central Powers|Eastern Powers]] victory |
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{{bulletlist|Collapse of the [[Ottoman Empire]].}} |
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| combatant1 = '''[[Central Powers|Eastern Powers]]:'''{{plainlist| |
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* {{flagicon|German Empire}} [[German Empire|Germany]] |
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* {{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[Russian Empire|Russia]] |
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* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Hungary}} [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] |
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* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Bulgaria}} [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] |
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* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Serbia}} [[Kingdom of Serbia|Serbia]] |
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* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Greece}} [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]] |
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* {{flagicon|Principality of Montenegro}} [[Principality of Montenegro|Montenegro]] |
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* {{flagcountry|Orange Free State}} |
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* {{flagcountry|South African Republic}} |
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}} |
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| combatant2 = '''[[Allies of World War I|Entente Powers]]:'''{{plainlist| |
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* {{flagicon|France}} [[Kingdom of France|France]] |
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* {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[British Empire]] |
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* {{flagcountry|Belgium}} |
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* {{flagcountry|Ottoman Empire}} |
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* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Romania}} [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] |
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* {{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] |
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}} |
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| combatant3 = {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Revolutionary France]] (1900–1901) |
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| commander1 = {{plainlist| |
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* {{flagicon|German Empire}} [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]] |
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* {{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia|Vladimir IV]] |
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* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Hungary}} [[Prince Philipp of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Ferdinand VI]] |
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* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Bulgaria}} [[Alexander of Battenberg|Alexander I]] |
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* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Serbia}} [[Alexander I of Serbia|Alexander I]] |
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* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Greece}} [[George I of Greece|George I]] |
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* {{flagicon|Principality of Montenegro}} [[Nicholas I of Montenegro|Nicholas I]] |
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}} |
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| commander2 = {{plainlist| |
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* {{flagicon|France}} [[Prince Philippe, Count of Paris|Philippe VII]] |
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* {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Queen Victoria|Victoria]] |
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* {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Leopold II of Belgium|Leopold II]] |
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* {{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Abdul Hamid II]] |
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* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Romania}} [[Carol I of Romania|Carol I]] |
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* {{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} [[Emperor Meiji|Meiji]] |
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}} |
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| commander3 = {{plainlist| |
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* {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Paul Lafargue]] |
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* {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Laura Marx]] |
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* {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Jules Guesde]] |
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* {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Gabriel Deville]] |
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}} |
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| strength1 = |
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| strength2 = |
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| casualties1 = |
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| casualties2 = |
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}} |
Latest revision as of 07:25, 21 July 2022
List of Austrian monarchs[edit]
House of Habsburg-Lorraine[edit]
Name Reign |
Birth | Marriage(s) Issue |
Death | Claim |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rudolf VI 8 June 1868 – 2 September 1900 |
21 August 1858 Laxenburg Son of Franz Joseph I and Elisabeth of Austria |
Stéphanie of Belgium 10 May 1881 Augustinian Church three children |
2 September 1900 Hofburg Aged 42 |
Son of Francis Joseph I (primogeniture) |
Francis III (Franz III) 2 September 1900 – 16 March 1963 |
2 September 1883 Franzensburg Son of Rudolf VI and Stéphanie of Belgium |
Infanta Maria of Portugal 23 January 1902 Hofburg four children |
16 March 1963 Schönbrunn Palace Aged 79 |
Son of Rudolf VI (primogeniture) |
Francis Joseph II (Franz Joseph II) 16 March 1963 – May 29, 2005 |
4 April, 1909 Schönbrunn Palace Son of Francis III and Infanta Maria of Portugal |
May 29, 2005 Schönbrunn Palace Aged 96 |
Son of Francis III (primogeniture) |
List of Bohemian monarchs[edit]
House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen[edit]
Name Reign |
Birth | Marriage(s) Issue |
Death | Claim |
---|---|---|---|---|
Leopold III 8 June 1868 – 8 June 1905 |
22 September 1835 Krauchenwies Son of Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern and Princess Josephine of Baden |
Infanta Antónia of Portugal 12 September 1861 three sons |
8 June 1905 Prague Castle Aged 69 |
Chosen by Bohemian Diet |
William I (Wilhelm I Vilém I) 8 June 1868 – 8 June 1905 |
7 March 1864 Schloss Benrath Son of Leopold III and Infanta Antónia of Portugal |
Maria Teresa of Bourbon-Two Sicilies 27 June 1889 St. Vitus Cathedral four children |
22 October 1930 Prague Castle Aged 66 |
Son of Leopold III (primogeniture) |
Frederick II (Friedrich II Fridrich II) 22 October 1930 – 6 February 1965 |
30 August 1891 Prague Castle Son of William I and Maria Teresa of Bourbon-Two Sicilies |
6 February 1965 | Son of William I (primogeniture) | |
Frederick William I (Friedrich Wilhelm I Fridrich Vilém I) 6 February 1965 – September 16, 2010 |
February 3, 1924 Prague Castle Son of Frederick II and [[]] |
September 16, 2010 | Son of Frederick II (primogeniture) |
List of Belgian monarchs[edit]
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha[edit]
Name Reign |
Birth | Marriage(s) Issue |
Death | Claim |
---|---|---|---|---|
Leopold II (Léopold II) 17 December 1865 – 17 December 1909 |
9 April 1835 Brussels Son of Leopold I and Louise of Orléans |
Marie Henriette of Austria Brussels 22 August 1853 three children |
17 December 1909 Laeken Aged 74 |
Son of Leopold I (primogeniture) |
Leopold III (Léopold III) 17 December 1909 – 2 January 1931 |
12 June 1859 Castle of Laeken Son of Leopold II and Marie Henriette of Austria |
Archduchess Gisela of Austria Augustinian Church 20 April 1874 five children |
2 January 1931 Laeken Aged 71 |
Son of Leopold II (primogeniture) |
Leopold IV (Léopold IV) 2 January 1931 – 1 August 1948 |
15 May 1879 Castle of Laeken Son of Leopold III and Archduchess Gisela of Austria |
1 August 1948 Laeken Aged 69 |
Son of Leopold III (primogeniture) |
List of Bulgarian monarchs[edit]
House of Battenberg[edit]
Name Reign |
Birth | Marriage(s) Issue |
Death | Claim |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alexander 29 April 1879 – 23 October 1908 |
5 April 1857 Verona Son of Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine and Julia, Princess of Battenberg |
Princess Viktoria of Prussia 11 March 1882 Alexander Nevsky Cathedral three children |
23 October 1908 Battenberg Palace Aged |
List of British monarchs[edit]
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha[edit]
Name Reign |
Birth | Marriage(s) Issue |
Death | Claim |
---|---|---|---|---|
Edward VII 22 January 1901 – 6 May 1910 |
9 November 1841 Buckingham Palace Son of Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Queen Victoria |
Alexandra of Denmark 10 March 1863 St George's Chapel 6 children |
6 May 1910 Buckingham Palace Aged 68 |
Son of Victoria (primogeniture) |
Edward VIII 6 May 1910 – 13 September 1935 |
8 January 1864 Frogmore House Son of Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark |
Mary of Teck St James's Palace 27 February 1892 six children |
13 September 1935 Buckingham Palace Aged 71 |
Son of Edward VII (primogeniture) |
George V 13 September 1935 – 28 May 1972 |
23 June 1893 Frogmore House Son of Edward VIII and Mary of Teck |
28 May 1972 Buckingham Palace Aged 79 |
Son of Edward VIII (primogeniture) | |
Edward IX 28 May 1972 – 6 September 1977 |
21 April 1913 Sandringham House Son of George V and [[]] |
28 May 1972 Windsor Castle Aged 59 |
Son of George V (primogeniture) | |
Henry IX 6 September 1977 – Present |
14 November 1944 Buckingham Palace Son of Edward IX and [[]] |
Living | Son of Edward IX (primogeniture) |
List of Dutch monarchs[edit]
House of Orange-Nassau[edit]
Name Reign |
Birth | Marriage(s) Issue |
Death | Claim |
---|---|---|---|---|
William III (Willem III) 17 March 1849 – 27 October 1887 |
19 February 1817 Palace of the Nation Son of William II and Anna Pavlovna of Russia |
Sophie of Württemberg 18 June 1839 Stuttgart three sons |
27 October 1887 Het Loo Palace Aged 70 |
Son of William II (primogeniture) |
Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont 7 January 1879 Arolsen no children | ||||
Sophie 27 October 1887 – 23 March 1897 |
8 April 1824 Lange Voorhout Palace Daughter of William II and Anna Pavlovna of Russia |
Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 8 October 1842 The Hague four children |
23 March 1897 Royal Palace of Amsterdam Aged 72 |
Daughter of William II (primogeniture) |
Charles Augustus (Karel August) 23 March 1897 – 20 November 1904 |
31 July 1844 Weimar Son of Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and Queen Sophie |
Princess Marie of the Netherlands 18 July 1871 The Hague three children |
20 November 1904 Royal Palace of Amsterdam Aged 60 |
Son of Queen Sophie (primogeniture) |
List of French monarchs[edit]
House of Orléans (restored)[edit]
Name Reign |
Birth | Marriage(s) Issue |
Death | Claim |
---|---|---|---|---|
Philippe VII 21 May 1871 – 11 October 1901 |
24 August 1838 Tuileries Palace Son of Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans and Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |
Marie Isabelle of Orléans St Raphael's Church 30 May 1864 six children |
20 November 1901 Palace of Fontainebleau Aged 63 |
Grandson of Louis Philippe I (primogeniture) |
Philippe VIII 11 October 1901 – 28 March 1931 |
6 February 1869 Tuileries Palace Son of Philippe VII and Marie Isabelle of Orléans |
Maria of Spain Notre-Dame 2 November 1890 three children |
28 March 1931 Algiers Aged 62 |
Son of Philippe VII (primogeniture) |
List of German Emperors[edit]
House of Hohenzollern[edit]
Name Reign |
Birth | Marriage(s) Issue |
Death | Claim |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wilhelm II 15 June 1888 – 4 June 1941 |
27 January 1859 Kronprinzenpalais Son of Frederick III and Victoria, Princess Royal |
Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein Berlin 27 February 1881 seven children |
4 June 1941 Berlin Aged 82 |
Son of Frederick III (primogeniture) |
Wilhelm III 4 June 1941 – 20 July 1961 |
6 May 1882 Marmorpalais Son of Wilhelm II and Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein |
Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Berlin 6 June 1905 seven children |
20 July 1961 Berlin Aged 79 |
Son of Wilhelm II (primogeniture) |
Wilhelm IV 20 July 1961 – 26 May 1993 |
4 July 1906 Marmorpalais Son of Wilhelm III and Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |
26 May 1993 Königsberg Aged 86 |
Son of Wilhelm III (primogeniture) |
List of Hanoverian monarchs[edit]
House of Hanover[edit]
Name Reign |
Birth | Marriage(s) Issue |
Death | Claim |
---|---|---|---|---|
George V (Georg V) 18 November 1851 – 12 June 1878) |
27 May 1819 Berlin Son of Ernest Augustus I and Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz |
Marie of Saxe-Altenburg 18 February 1843 Hanover three children |
12 June 1878 Herrenhausen Gardens Aged 659 |
Son of Ernest Augustus I (primogeniture) |
Ernest Augustus II (Ernst August II) 12 June 1878) – 14 November 1923 |
21 September 1845 Hanover Son of George V and Marie of Saxe-Altenburg |
[[]] [[]] children |
14 November 1923 Hanover Aged 78 |
Son of George V (primogeniture) |
List of Hungarian monarchs[edit]
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry[edit]
Name Reign |
Birth | Marriage(s) Issue |
Death | Claim |
---|---|---|---|---|
August (Ágost) 28 November 1868 – 26 July 1881 |
13 June 1818 Vienna Son of Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Maria Antonia Koháry de Csábrág |
Princess Clémentine of Orléans 20 April 1843 Château de Saint-Cloud five children |
26 July 1881 Royal Palace Aged 63 |
Chosen by Diet of Hungary |
Ferdinand VI (Ferdinánd VI) 26 July 1881 – 3 July 1921 |
28 March 1844 Tuileries Palace Son of August and Princess Clémentine of Orléans |
Princess Louise of Belgium 4 May 1875 St. Stephen's Basilica two children |
3 July 1921 Royal Palace Aged 77 |
Son of August (primogeniture) |
Leopold III (Lipót III) 3 July 1921 – 30 December 1943 |
19 July 1878 Svätý Anton Son of Ferdinand VI and Princess Louise of Belgium |
30 December 1943 Royal Palace Aged 65 |
Son of Ferdinand VI (primogeniture) |
List of Italian monarchs[edit]
House of Savoy[edit]
Name Reign |
Birth | Marriage(s) Issue |
Death | Claim |
---|---|---|---|---|
Umberto I 9 January 1878 – 17 November 1878 |
14 March 1844 Turin Son of Victor Emmanuel II and Adelaide of Austria |
Mathilda of Austria 21 April 1868 Turin two children |
17 November 1878 Naples Aged 34 |
Son of Victor Emmanuel II (primogeniture) |
Victor Emmanuel III (Vittorio Emanuele III) 17 November 1878 – 28 December 1947 |
11 November 1869 Naples Son of Umberto I and Mathilda of Austria |
Elena of Montenegro 24 October 1896 Italy five children |
28 December 1947 Quirinal Palace Aged 78 |
Son of Umberto I (primogeniture) |
Umberto II 28 December 1947 – 18 March 1983 |
15 September 1904 Castle of Racconigi Son of Victor Emmanuel III and Elena of Montenegro |
18 March 1983 Royal Villa of Monza Aged 78 |
Son of Victor Emmanuel III (primogeniture) | |
Victor Emmanuel IV (Vittorio Emanuele IV) 18 March 1983 – Present |
12 February 1937 Naples Son of Umberto II and [[]] |
Living | Son of Umberto II (primogeniture) |
List of Romanian monarchs[edit]
House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen[edit]
Name Reign |
Birth | Marriage(s) Issue |
Death | Claim |
---|---|---|---|---|
Charles I (Carol I) 15 March 1881 – 10 October 1914 |
20 April 1839 Sigmaringen Son of Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern and Josephine of Baden |
Elisabeth of Wied 15 November 1869 Neuwied four children |
10 October 1914 Sinaia Aged 75 |
Elected Sovereign Prince by Romanian parliament |
Charles II (Carol II) 10 October 1914 – |
8 September 1870 Bucharest Son of Charles I and Elisabeth of Wied |
[[]] [[]] |
2 June 1932 Peleș Castle Aged 61 |
Son of Charles I (primogeniture) |
List of Russian Emperors[edit]
House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov[edit]
Name Reign |
Birth | Marriage(s) Issue |
Death | Claim |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alexander II (Aleksandr II) 2 March 1855 – 13 March 1891 |
29 April 1818 Moscow Kremlin Son of Nicholas I and Charlotte of Prussia |
Marie of Hesse 16 April 1841 St. Petersburg eight children |
13 March 1891 Sinaia Aged 72 |
Son of Nicholas I (primogeniture) |
Vladimir IV 13 March 1891 – 17 February 1909 |
22 April 1847 Winter Palace Son of Alexander II and Marie of Hesse |
Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 28 August 1874 [[]] five children |
17 February 1909 Vladimir Palace Aged 61 |
Son of Alexander II (primogeniture) |
List of Spanish monarchs[edit]
House of Savoy[edit]
Name Reign |
Birth | Marriage(s) Issue |
Death | Claim |
---|---|---|---|---|
Amadeo I 16 November 1870 – 18 January 1900 |
30 May 1845 Royal Palace of Turin Son of Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and Adelaide of Austria |
Maria Vittoria dal Pozzo Turin 30 May 1867 six children |
18 January 1900 Royal Palace of Madrid Aged 54 |
Elected by Cortes Generales; Great-great-grandson of Charles III |
Emanuele Filiberto I (Manuel Filiberto I) 18 January 1900 – 4 July 1931 |
13 January 1869 Genoa Son of Amadeo I and Maria Vittoria dal Pozzo |
Hélène of Orléans Madrid 25 June 1895 three children |
4 July 1931 Royal Palace of Madrid Aged 62 |
Son of Amadeo I (primogeniture) |
States in the German Empire[edit]
1900[edit]
^ Ernst August II inherited the Duchy of Brunswick in 18 October 1884 after the death of Duke Wilhelm VIII
^ Günther Victor inherited the Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen in 28 March 1909 after the death of Prince Karl Günther
1910[edit]
1930[edit]
List of Wars (1860-1899)[edit]
Austro-Prussian War[edit]
Aftermath and consequences[edit]
For the defeated parties[edit]
In addition to war reparations, the following territorial changes took place:
- Austria: Surrendered the province of Venetia and some Dalmatian islands to Italy. Austria then lost all official influence over member states of the former German Confederation. Austria’s defeat was a telling blow to Habsburg rule; the Empire was briefly transformed via the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 into the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary in the following year, though this would rapidly disintegrate.
- Schleswig and Holstein: Became the Prussian Province of Schleswig-Holstein.
- Saxony: Annexed by Prussia, became the Province of Saxony.
- Hesse-Darmstadt: Surrendered to Prussia the small territory it had acquired earlier in 1866 on the extinction of the ruling house of Hesse-Homburg. The northern half of the remaining land joined the North German Confederation.
- Nassau, Hesse-Kassel, Frankfurt: Annexed by Prussia. Combined with the territory surrendered by Hesse-Darmstadt to form the new Province of Hesse-Nassau.
- Hanover, Saxe-Meiningen, Reuss-Greiz, Schaumburg-Lippe: Spared from annexation but joined the North German Confederation in the following year.
Great European War[edit]
Great European War | ||||||||
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Belligerents | ||||||||
Eastern Powers: | Entente Powers: |
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Commanders and leaders | ||||||||