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{{Infobox military conflict |
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| conflict = Battle of Malacca (1534) |
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| partof = [[Malay-Portuguese conflicts]] |
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| date = May 1534<ref>Saturnino Monteiro: Batalhas e Combates da Marinha Portuguesa 1139-1975, volume II, 1991, Livraria Sá da Costa Editora, p. 231.[https://www.google.ae/books/edition/Batalhas_e_combates_da_Marinha_Portugues/ipQvAQAAMAAJ?hl=ar&gbpv=1&bsq=Paulo+da+Gama+Maio+1534&dq=Paulo+da+Gama+Maio+1534&printsec=frontcover]</ref> |
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| place = [[Malacca]], [[Malaysia]] |
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| result = Johor victory |
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| combatant1 = [[File:Flag of Portugal (1521).svg|24px|border]] [[Portuguese Empire]] |
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| combatant2 = [[Johor Sultanate|Sultanate of Johor]] |
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| commander1 = [[File:Flag of Portugal (1521).svg|24px|border]] D. Paulo da Gama{{KIA}} |
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| commander2 = Lacxemena |
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| strength1 = 9 or 15 ships |
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| strength2 = 70 ships |
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| casualties1 = 30 killed<br>The rest were all wounded |
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| casualties2 = Heavy |
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}} |
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{{Portuguese battles in the Indian Ocean}} |
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{{Portuguese colonial campaigns}} |
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The '''Battle of Malacca''' took place in 1534 between Johor and the Portuguese navy. The battle ended in favor of the Johorese, as they defeated the Portuguese near Malacca, but a strong wind saved the Portuguese from destruction. |
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==Battle== |
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In 1534, the Portuguese governor of Malacca, Dom Paulo da Gama, dispatched 5 men led by Sebastian Vieyra to the Johorese Sultan, Alauddin Riayat Shah II, to establish friendly relations with them. However, the Johorese Sultan, instigated by the Acehnese, had those men surrounded, poured with boiling water until they died, and had the corpses of those men devoured by wild beasts.<ref>Manuel de Faria e Sousa, p. 422-423</ref><ref>Frederick Charles Danvers, p. 423</ref><ref>Saturnino Monteiro, p. 231</ref> Enraged by this brutality, the Portuguese dispatched a naval expedition for retaliation.<ref>Frederick Charles Danvers, p. 423</ref> Hearing that some Johorese ships were in Muar River, Paulo dispatched a vessel to confirm this; however, the ship returned being chased to Malacca by 10 ships of Lacxemena who had been sent by his uncle to assist the Johorese Sultan with 70 vessels. Instantly Paulo set out with 9 or 15 ships to meet the Johorese. The Johorese turned their backs when the Portuguese approached them, not knowing they would fall into a trap. Both sides fought a terrible and bloody battle, the Portuguese showed bravery during the fight, killing many of the Johorese. Almost all Portuguese were killed or badly wounded in the end, and Paulo da Gama was fatally wounded and died in Malacca later.<ref>Manuel de Faria e Sousa, p. 423</ref><ref>António Dinis da Cruz, p. 286</ref><ref>Gaspar Corrêa, Lendas da India, اVol III, p. 563-564.[https://books.google.ae/books?id=Q3PRnNufAjAC&printsec=frontcover&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false]</ref> Only a strong wind that caused the Johorese fleet to retreat saved the Portuguese from annihilation. They suffered 30 killed and the rest were all wounded.<ref>Gaspar Corrêa, p. 564</ref> |
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The Memory of the heroic battle was recorded in Malay songs which the Portuguese historian, [[Diogo do Couto]], recorded:<ref>António Dinis da Cruz, p. 286</ref><ref>Georg Schurhammer, p. 17</ref> |
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{{cquote| |
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Captain Dom Paulo , baparam de Pungor — Anga dia matu, sita pa tau dor |
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Captain Dom Paulo fought at Pungor — |
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Instead of giving ground, he preferred to die |
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}} |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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[[Category:Conflicts in 1534]] |
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[[Category:Battles involving Portugal]] |
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[[Category:1534 in the Portuguese Empire]] |
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[[Category:Portuguese Malacca]] |
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[[Category:History of Malacca]] |
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[[Category:Portuguese colonialism in Indonesia]] |
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[[Category:Naval battles involving Portugal]] |
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==Sources== |
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*Frederick Charles Danvers (1894), The Portuguese in India, Being a History of the Rise and Decline of Their Eastern Empire. Vol I.[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.189343/page/n488/mode/1up] |
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*Manuel de Faria e Sousa (1695), Portugues Asia, or, the History of the discovery and conquest of India by the Portuguese.[https://books.google.ae/books?id=necrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA423&dq=Muar+river+1534&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiymKaj1pqHAxUL87sIHaGsCkoQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Muar%20river%201534&f=false] |
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*António Dinis da Cruz e Silva (1817), Poesias, Na arcadia de Lisboa Elpino Nonacriense.[https://www.google.ae/books/edition/Poesias/NUKinWYtO4wC?hl=ar&gbpv=1&dq=Paulo+da+Gama+1534&pg=PA285&printsec=frontcover] |
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*Georg Schurhammer (1980), Francis Xavier: His Life, his times - vol. 3: Indonesia and India, 1545-1549.[https://archive.org/details/fx-schurhammer3/page/n38/mode/1up] |
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