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{{Infobox military conflict |
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|conflict =Ternate expedition (1582) |
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|image = |
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|caption = |
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|partof = [[Ternatean–Portuguese conflicts]] |
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|date = 1582 |
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|place = [[Ternate]], [[Maluku Islands|Moluccas]] |
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|result = Ternate victory |
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|combatant1 ={{flagicon image|Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg}} [[Spanish Empire]] |
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|combatant2 ={{flagicon image|Bendera Ternate - Almulk Buldan Ternate.svg}} [[Sultanate of Ternate]] |
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|commander1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg}} Sebastian Ronquillo |
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|commander2 = {{flagicon image|Bendera Ternate - Almulk Buldan Ternate.svg}} [[Babullah of Ternate]] |
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| strength1 = 300 Spanish<br>1,500 Filipinos |
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| strength2 = Unknown |
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| casualties1 = 2/3 were dead |
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| casualties2 = Unknown |
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}} |
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{{Campaignbox Spanish colonial campaigns}} |
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The '''Ternate expedition''' was a military expedition by the Spanish to establish their rule on Maluku island. The expedition failed and was the Spanish's first attempt to seize Malukus. |
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In 1582, the Spanish governor of Philipines, [[Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa]], was ordered by the Spanish king, [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]], to seize the Maluku islands and other Portuguese areas and establish the Spanish authority there. An expedition was launched with a force of 300 Spaniards and 1,500 Filipinos.<ref>Gregorio F Zaide, p. 229</ref> The command was given to the governor's nephew, Sebastian Ronquillo.<ref>Gregorio F Zaide, p. 229</ref><ref>Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga, p. 166</ref><ref>Frederic Henry Read Sawyer, p. 389</ref> The expedition left Manilla and first sailed to Borneo then Ternate. Sebastian took Pablo de Lima, who was married to the niece of Tidor king, and appointed him to be the governor of Ternate. The Spanish proceeded to Ternate, where the Ternateans were determined to resist the Spanish landing, but their resistance was short as they were forced to retreat to their fort. The Spanish began erecting artillery and bombarded the walls but to no avail. The Spanish then laid a regular siege.<ref>Gregorio F Zaide, p. 229</ref><ref>Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga, p. 167</ref> A [[Thiamine deficiency|Beri-Beri epidemic]] broke out in the camp which wiped out two-thirds of the men, forcing Sebastian to raise the blockade and sail to Manilla.<ref>Gregorio F Zaide, p. 229</ref><ref>Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga, p. 167</ref><ref>Frederic Henry Read Sawyer, p. 390</ref> |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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[[Category:North Maluku]] |
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[[Category:Ternate]] |
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[[Category:Battles involving Spain]] |
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[[Category:1580s conflicts]] |
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[[Category:Conflicts in 1582]] |
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==Sources== |
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*Gregorio F Zaide (1957), Philippine political and cultural history.[https://archive.org/details/philippinepoliti0001unse/page/229/mode/1up] |
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*Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga (1814), An Historical View of the Philippine Islands, Vol I.[https://www.google.ae/books/edition/An_Historical_View_of_the_Philippine_Isl/FRKwZ05Ce0AC?hl=ar&gbpv=1&dq=Sebastian+Ronquillo+Ternate+1582&pg=PA166&printsec=frontcover] |
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*Frederic Henry Read Sawyer (1900), The Inhabitants of the Philippines.[https://www.google.ae/books/edition/The_Inhabitants_of_the_Philippines/Sq5uAAAAMAAJ?hl=ar&gbpv=1&dq=Sebastian+Ronquillo+1582&pg=PA389&printsec=frontcover] |
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