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{{Short description|British peer and courtier (1864–1934)}}
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{{Infobox Officeholder
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
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|honorific-prefix = [[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]] [[The Right Honourable]]
{{Use British English|date=July 2019}}
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|name = The Viscount Churchill
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{{Infobox officeholder
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|honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCVO|JP}}
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| honorific-prefix = [[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]] [[The Right Honourable]]
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|image=1st Viscount Churchill.png
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| name = The Viscount Churchill
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|caption=The Viscount Churchill by [[Leslie Ward]], 1904.
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| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCVO|JP}}
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|office = [[Lord-in-waiting]]
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| image = 1st Viscount Churchill.png
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|term_start = 1889
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| caption = The Viscount Churchill by [[Leslie Ward]], 1904.
|term_end = 1892
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| office = [[Lord-in-waiting]]
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|term_start1 = 1895
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| term_start = 1889
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|term_end1 = 1905
|predecessor = [[John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow|The Earl of Hopetoun]]
| term_end = 1892
| predecessor = [[John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow|The Earl of Hopetoun]]
|successor = [[Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair|The Lord Playfair]]
| successor = [[Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair|The Lord Playfair]]
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| term_start1 = 1895
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|predecessor1 = [[Francis Stonor, 4th Baron Camoys|The Lord Camoys]]
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| term_end1 = 1905
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|successor1 = [[Thomas Denman, 3rd Baron Denman|The Lord Denman]]
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| predecessor1 = [[Francis Stonor, 4th Baron Camoys|The Lord Camoys]]
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|birth_name=Victor Albert Francis Charles Spencer
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| successor1 = [[Thomas Denman, 3rd Baron Denman|The Lord Denman]]
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|birth_date={{Birth date|1864|10|23|df=y}}
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| birth_name = Victor Albert Francis Charles Spencer
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|death_date={{Death date and age|1934|1|3|1864|10|23|df=y}}
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1864|10|23|df=y}}
|spouse=Lady Verena Maud Lowther<br/>Christine McRae Sinclair
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1934|1|3|1864|10|23|df=y}}
| parents = [[Francis Spencer, 2nd Baron Churchill]]<br>[[Jane Spencer, Baroness Churchill]]
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Lady Verena Maud Lowther<br>|1 January 1887|1927|reason=div}}
* {{marriage|Christine McRae Sinclair<br>|1927|<!-- Omission per Template:Marriage instructions -->}}
}}
| children = 6
}}
}}


[[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]] '''Victor Albert Francis Charles Spencer, 1st Viscount Churchill''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|GCVO|JP}} (23 October 1864 – 3 January 1934), known as '''Victor Albert Spencer''' until 1886 and as '''The Lord Churchill''' between 1886 and 1902, was a [[United Kingdom|British]] peer and courtier.
[[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]] '''Victor Albert Francis Charles Spencer, 1st Viscount Churchill''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|GCVO|JP}} (23 October 1864 – 3 January 1934), known as the '''Hon. Victor Albert Spencer''' until 1886 and as '''The Lord Churchill''' between 1886 and 1902, was a British peer and courtier. He was from the [[Spencer family#Barons and Viscounts Churchill|Spencer family]].


==Background==
==Early life==
Spencer was born at 32, [[Albemarle Street]], [[London]], the son of Francis Spencer, 2nd Baron Churchill, and his wife [[Jane Spencer, Baroness Churchill|Jane]]. He was a [[Page of Honour]] to [[Queen Victoria]] from 1876 to 1881, and in 1886 he succeeded to his father's title of Baron Churchill.
Spencer was born at 32, [[Albemarle Street]], London, the son of [[Francis Spencer, 2nd Baron Churchill]], and his wife [[Jane Spencer, Baroness Churchill|Jane]] (''née'' Conyngham). He was a [[Page of Honour]] to [[Queen Victoria]] from 1876 to 1881, and in 1886 he succeeded to his father's title of Baron Churchill. He was a grandson of [[Francis Spencer, 1st Baron Churchill]].<ref name=Burke>''Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage,'' 100th Edn, London, 1953.</ref>


Educated at [[Eton College]] and the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]], he was commissioned into the [[Coldstream Guards]]<ref name=greatwestern>{{cite web |url=http://www.greatwestern.org.uk/m_in_gwr_chairmen.htm |title=Great Western Chairmen |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=The Great Western Archive |publisher=John Daniel |access-date=5 April 2017 |quote=}}</ref> in 1884 as a lieutenant, staying in the Guards until 1889.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://nyti.ms/2uF7bpM|title=LORD CHURCHILL, 69, DIES OF PNEUMONIA; Made Viscount in 1902, He Was Victoria's Godson and Lord-in~Waitingto 3 Rulers. EXECUTIVE OF RAILROAD Chairman of the Great Western Railway Was Banker and Ship Company Director.|last=|first=|date=January 4, 1934|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 30, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|page=19|language=en}}</ref> He was a colonel in the Home Defense from 1915 to 1918.<ref name=":0" />
Educated at [[Eton College]] and the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]], he was commissioned into the [[Coldstream Guards]]<ref name=Burke/><ref name=greatwestern>{{cite web |url=http://www.greatwestern.org.uk/m_in_gwr_chairmen.htm |title=Great Western Chairmen |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=The Great Western Archive |publisher=John Daniel |access-date=5 April 2017 |quote=}}</ref> in 1884 as a lieutenant, staying in the Guards until 1889.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=https://nyti.ms/2uF7bpM |title=LORD CHURCHILL, 69, DIES OF PNEUMONIA; Made Viscount in 1902, He Was Victoria's Godson and Lord-in~Waitingto 3 Rulers. EXECUTIVE OF RAILROAD Chairman of the Great Western Railway Was Banker and Ship Company Director. |date=4 January 1934 |work=The New York Times |access-date=30 March 2018 |page=19 |language=en}}</ref>


==Career==
⚫
For Edward VII's coronation he served as Lord Chamberlain, and at the coronation of Edward's successor, George V, he was [[Master of the Robes]].<ref name=":0" /> He was acting [[Master of the Buckhounds]] between 1900 and 1901 during the tenure of [[Charles Cavendish, 3rd Baron Chesham|Charles Cavendish]], the office holder, while Cavendish was in South Africa.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{London Gazette
On 12 July 1905 he was commissioned as a [[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]] in the part-time [[Oxfordshire Imperial Yeomanry (Queen's Own Oxfordshire Hussars)]], which his father and grandfather had commanded, and in which several of his Spencer-Churchill kinsmen also served.<ref name=Burke/><ref>''Army List''.</ref> He was later a [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant-Colonel]] in the [[Territorial Army (United Kingdom)|Territorial Army Reserve]] and served as a temporary [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]] in Home Defence from 1915 to 1918.<ref name=Burke/><ref name=":0" />
| issue = 27243
| date = 2 November 1900
| page = 6689
}}</ref>


⚫
For [[Edward VII's coronation]] he served as lord chamberlain, and at the [[coronation of George V]], he was [[Master of the Robes]].<ref name=":0" /> He was acting [[Master of the Buckhounds]] between 1900 and 1901 during the tenure of [[Charles Cavendish, 3rd Baron Chesham|Charles Cavendish]], the office holder, while Cavendish was in South Africa.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27243 |date=2 November 1900 |page=6689}}</ref>
⚫
==Political career==
⚫
Spencer was a [[Lord in Waiting]] from 1889 to 1892 and 1895 to 1905 in both of [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Salisbury's]] governments and was created '''Viscount Churchill''', of Rolleston, in the County of Leicester, on 15 July 1902<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27455 |date=18 July 1902 |page=4586 }}</ref> (it had already been announced in the [[1902 Coronation Honours|Coronation Honours list]] that he would be created a Viscount<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=The Coronation Honours |day_of_week=Thursday |date=26 June 1902 |page_number=5 |issue=36804| }}</ref>).


⚫
Spencer was a [[Lord in Waiting]] from 1889 to 1892 and 1895 to 1905 in both of [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Salisbury's]] governments and was created '''Viscount Churchill''', of Rolleston, in the County of Leicester, on 15 July 1902<ref name=Burke/><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27455 |date=18 July 1902 |page=4586 }}</ref> (it had already been announced in the [[1902 Coronation Honours|Coronation Honours list]] the previous month that he would be created a Viscount<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=The Coronation Honours |date=26 June 1902 |page=5 |issue=36804}}</ref>).
==Business career==

⚫
He was chairman and director of several [[transport]] companies, including the [[Great Western Railway]] 1908-34 and was the longest serving chairman of the company.<ref name=greatwestern/> He was also a director of the [[British-India Steam Navigation Company|British India Steamship Company]], [[Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company|P&O]] and the [[Grand Union Canal]].<ref name=":0" />
⚫
===Business career===
⚫
He was chairman and director of several [[transport]] companies, including the [[Great Western Railway]] 1908–34 and was the longest serving chairman of the company.<ref name=greatwestern/> He was also a director of the [[British-India Steam Navigation Company|British India Steamship Company]], [[Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company|P&O]] and the [[Grand Union Canal]].<ref name=Burke/><ref name=":0" />

==Personal life==
Lord Churchill married Lady Verena Maud Lowther, daughter of [[Henry Lowther, 3rd Earl of Lonsdale]], at [[Cottesmore, Rutland]], on 1 January 1887. They had four children:<ref name=Burke/><ref name="greatwestern" />

* Hon. Victor Almeric Lancelot Spencer (1888–1888), who died young.<ref name=Burke/>
* [[Victor Spencer, 2nd Viscount Churchill|Victor Alexander Spencer, 2nd Viscount Churchill]] (1890–1973), who married Katherine Emily Beaven, daughter of [[Robert Beaven]], 6th [[Premier of British Columbia]], in 1916. After her death, he married Joan Black, daughter of Joseph Baron Black, in 1949.<ref name=Burke/>
* Hon. Victoria Ivy Louise Spencer (1897–1946), who married Capt. Hon. Cecil Henry Brassey, son of Maj. [[Henry Brassey, 1st Baron Brassey]], and Lady Violet Gordon-Lennox (daughter of [[Charles Gordon-Lennox, 7th Duke of Richmond]]), in 1920.<ref name=Burke/>
* Hon. Ursula Spencer (1901–1934), who married Lt.-Col. Alick Frederick Tod, son of Col. George Russell Tod, in 1928.<ref name=Burke/>

⚫
When she wished to divorce Lord Churchill, King Edward forbade it, to avoid a scandal among his social circle. Instead she disappeared in 1909 taking their son, aged 19, and two daughters, aged 13 and 8, with her. Lord Churchill placed an anonymous advertisement seeking information about his family's whereabouts, but the scandal soon became public. In 1927 he obtained a divorce on the grounds of desertion.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18796269/lady_churchill_leaving_her_husband_in/ |title=Lady Churchill leaving her husband in 1909. |date=12 December 1909 |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=12 April 2024 |page=1 |language=en |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Churchill married as his second wife Christine McRae Sinclair, daughter of William Sinclair. They had two children:<ref name=Burke/>

* Hon. Sarah Faith Georgina Spencer (1931–2015), who married Richard John Palmer, son of Reginald Howard Reed Palmer, in 1951.<ref name=Burke/>
* [[Victor Spencer, 3rd Viscount Churchill|Victor George Spencer, 3rd Viscount Churchill]] (1934–2017)<ref name=Burke/>

Lord Churchill died of pneumonia on 3 January 1934.<ref name=greatwestern/>


==Honours==
==Honours==
;British honours
;British honours
*'''GCVO''': Knight Grand Cross of the [[Royal Victorian Order]] – ''9 November 1902'' – [[1902 Birthday Honours]] list, invested by King [[Edward VII]] at [[Sandringham House]] the same day.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27493 |date=7 November 1902 |pages=7161–7163 |supp=y}}</ref><ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Court Circular |date=11 November 1902 |page=10 |issue=36922}}</ref>
*'''GCVO''': Knight Grand Cross of the [[Royal Victorian Order]]
;Foreign honours
;Foreign honours
*{{flag|Kingdom of Prussia}}: Knight 1st class of the [[Order of the Crown (Prussia)|Order of the Crown]] - ''1899'' - in connection with the visit of Emperor [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]] to the United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Court Circular|day_of_week=Saturday |date=17 February 1900 |page_number=11 |issue=36068}}</ref>
*{{flag|Kingdom of Prussia}}: Knight 1st class of the [[Order of the Crown (Prussia)|Order of the Crown]] – ''1899'' – in connection with the visit of Emperor [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]] to the United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Court Circular|date=17 February 1900 |page=11 |issue=36068}}</ref>
*The [[Order of the Red Eagle|Red Eagle]] of the Kingdom of Prussia<ref name=":0" />
*The [[Order of the Red Eagle|Red Eagle]] of the Kingdom of Prussia<ref name=":0" />
*The [[Order of the Crown of Italy|Order of the Crown]] of Italy<ref name=":0" />
*The [[Order of the Crown of Italy|Order of the Crown]] of Italy<ref name=":0" />
*The [[Order of the Redeemer of Greece|Order of the Redeemer]] of Greece<ref name=":0" />
*The [[Order of the Redeemer of Greece|Order of the Redeemer]] of Greece<ref name=":0" />
*The [[Order of Christ (Portugal)|Order of Jesus Christ]] of Portugal<ref name=":0" />
*The [[Order of Christ (Portugal)|Order of Jesus Christ]] of Portugal<ref name=":0" />

==Family==
⚫
Lord Churchill married Lady Verena Maud Lowther, daughter of [[Henry Lowther, 3rd Earl of Lonsdale]], at [[Cottesmore, Rutland]], on 1 January 1887. They had four children.<ref name="greatwestern" /> When she wished to divorce Lord Churchill, King Edward forbade it, to avoid a scandal among his social circle. Instead she disappeared in 1909 taking their son, aged 19, and two daughters, aged 13 and 8, with her. Lord Churchill placed an anonymous advertisement seeking information about his family's whereabouts, but the scandal soon became public. In 1927 he obtained a divorce on the grounds of desertion.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18796269/lady_churchill_leaving_her_husband_in/|title=Lady Churchill leaving her husband in 1909. - Newspapers.com|last=|first=|date=December 12, 1909|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=March 31, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|page=1|language=en|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Churchill married as his second wife Christine McRae Sinclair. They had two children. He died of pneumonia on 3 January 1934.<ref name=greatwestern/>


==References==
==References==
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{{Succession box | title=[[Page of Honour]] | before=[[Victor Biddulph]] | after=[[Percy Cust]] | years=1876 &ndash; 1881}}
{{Succession box | title=[[Page of Honour]] | before=[[Victor Biddulph]] | after=[[Percy Cust]] | years=1876–1881}}
{{Succession box | title=[[His Majesty's Representative at Ascot]] | before=[[Charles Cavendish, 3rd Baron Chesham|The Lord Chesham]] | after=[[Gavin Hamilton, 2nd Baron Hamilton of Dalzell|The Lord Hamilton of Dalzell]] | years=1901 &ndash; 1934}}
{{Succession box | title=[[His Majesty's Representative at Ascot]] | before=[[Charles Cavendish, 3rd Baron Chesham|The Lord Chesham]] | after=[[Gavin Hamilton, 2nd Baron Hamilton of Dalzell|The Lord Hamilton of Dalzell]] | years=1901–1934}}


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{{Succession box | title=[[Lord-in-waiting]] | before=[[John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow|The Earl of Hopetoun]] | after=[[Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair|The Lord Playfair]] | years=1889 &ndash; 1892}}
{{Succession box | title=[[Lord-in-waiting]] | before=[[John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow|The Earl of Hopetoun]] | after=[[Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair|The Lord Playfair]] | years=1889–1892}}
{{Succession box | title=[[Lord-in-waiting]] | before=[[Francis Stonor, 4th Baron Camoys|The Lord Camoys]] | after=[[Thomas Denman, 3rd Baron Denman|The Lord Denman]] | years=1895 &ndash; 1892}}
{{Succession box | title=[[Lord-in-waiting]] | before=[[Francis Stonor, 4th Baron Camoys|The Lord Camoys]] | after=[[Thomas Denman, 3rd Baron Denman|The Lord Denman]] | years=1895–1905}}


{{S-reg|uk}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{S-new|creation}}
{{s-new|creation}}
{{S-ttl| title = [[Viscount Churchill]]
{{s-ttl|title=[[Viscount Churchill]]|years=1902–1934}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Victor Spencer, 2nd Viscount Churchill|Victor Spencer]]|rows=2}}
| years = 1902 &ndash; 1934 }}
{{S-aft| rows = 2 | after = [[Victor Spencer, 2nd Viscount Churchill|Victor Spencer]] }}
{{s-bef|before=[[Francis Spencer, 2nd Baron Churchill|Francis Spencer]]}}
{{S-bef| before = [[Francis Spencer, 2nd Baron Churchill|Francis Spencer]] }}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Baron Churchill of Whichwood|Baron Churchill]]|years=1886–1934}}
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{{s-end}}
{{S-ttl| title = [[Baron Churchill of Whichwood|Baron Churchill]]
| years = 1886 &ndash; 1934 }}
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[[Category:Coldstream Guards officers]]
[[Category:Coldstream Guards officers]]
[[Category:Queen's Own Oxfordshire Hussars officers]]
[[Category:Barons Churchill|3]]
[[Category:Conservative Party (UK) Baronesses- and Lords-in-Waiting]]
[[Category:Conservative Party (UK) Baronesses- and Lords-in-Waiting]]
[[Category:English justices of the peace]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Pages of Honour]]
[[Category:Pages of Honour]]
[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]
[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]
[[Category:Spencer-Churchill family|Victor Spencer, 1st Viscount Churchill]]
[[Category:Spencer family|Victor Spencer, 1st Viscount Churchill]]
[[Category:Viscounts in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Viscounts in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Peers created by Edward VII]]

Latest revision as of 17:17, 12 April 2024

Major The Right Honourable
The Viscount Churchill
GCVO JP
The Viscount Churchill by Leslie Ward, 1904.
Lord-in-waiting
In office
1889–1892
Preceded byThe Earl of Hopetoun
Succeeded byThe Lord Playfair
In office
1895–1905
Preceded byThe Lord Camoys
Succeeded byThe Lord Denman
Personal details
Born
Victor Albert Francis Charles Spencer

(1864-10-23)23 October 1864
Died3 January 1934(1934-01-03) (aged 69)
Spouses
Lady Verena Maud Lowther
​
​
(m. 1887; div. 1927)​
Christine McRae Sinclair
​
​
(m. 1927)​
Children6
Parent(s)Francis Spencer, 2nd Baron Churchill
Jane Spencer, Baroness Churchill

Major Victor Albert Francis Charles Spencer, 1st Viscount Churchill GCVO JP (23 October 1864 – 3 January 1934), known as the Hon. Victor Albert Spencer until 1886 and as The Lord Churchill between 1886 and 1902, was a British peer and courtier. He was from the Spencer family.

Early life

[edit]

Spencer was born at 32, Albemarle Street, London, the son of Francis Spencer, 2nd Baron Churchill, and his wife Jane (née Conyngham). He was a Page of Honour to Queen Victoria from 1876 to 1881, and in 1886 he succeeded to his father's title of Baron Churchill. He was a grandson of Francis Spencer, 1st Baron Churchill.[1]

Educated at Eton College and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, he was commissioned into the Coldstream Guards[1][2] in 1884 as a lieutenant, staying in the Guards until 1889.[3]

Career

[edit]

On 12 July 1905 he was commissioned as a Major in the part-time Oxfordshire Imperial Yeomanry (Queen's Own Oxfordshire Hussars), which his father and grandfather had commanded, and in which several of his Spencer-Churchill kinsmen also served.[1][4] He was later a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Territorial Army Reserve and served as a temporary Colonel in Home Defence from 1915 to 1918.[1][3]

For Edward VII's coronation he served as lord chamberlain, and at the coronation of George V, he was Master of the Robes.[3] He was acting Master of the Buckhounds between 1900 and 1901 during the tenure of Charles Cavendish, the office holder, while Cavendish was in South Africa.[3][5]

Spencer was a Lord in Waiting from 1889 to 1892 and 1895 to 1905 in both of Salisbury's governments and was created Viscount Churchill, of Rolleston, in the County of Leicester, on 15 July 1902[1][6] (it had already been announced in the Coronation Honours list the previous month that he would be created a Viscount[7]).

Business career

[edit]

He was chairman and director of several transport companies, including the Great Western Railway 1908–34 and was the longest serving chairman of the company.[2] He was also a director of the British India Steamship Company, P&O and the Grand Union Canal.[1][3]

Personal life

[edit]

Lord Churchill married Lady Verena Maud Lowther, daughter of Henry Lowther, 3rd Earl of Lonsdale, at Cottesmore, Rutland, on 1 January 1887. They had four children:[1][2]

When she wished to divorce Lord Churchill, King Edward forbade it, to avoid a scandal among his social circle. Instead she disappeared in 1909 taking their son, aged 19, and two daughters, aged 13 and 8, with her. Lord Churchill placed an anonymous advertisement seeking information about his family's whereabouts, but the scandal soon became public. In 1927 he obtained a divorce on the grounds of desertion.[3][8] Churchill married as his second wife Christine McRae Sinclair, daughter of William Sinclair. They had two children:[1]

Lord Churchill died of pneumonia on 3 January 1934.[2]

Honours

[edit]
British honours
Foreign honours

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, 100th Edn, London, 1953.
  2. ^ a b c d "Great Western Chairmen". The Great Western Archive. John Daniel. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "LORD CHURCHILL, 69, DIES OF PNEUMONIA; Made Viscount in 1902, He Was Victoria's Godson and Lord-in~Waitingto 3 Rulers. EXECUTIVE OF RAILROAD Chairman of the Great Western Railway Was Banker and Ship Company Director". The New York Times. 4 January 1934. p. 19. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  4. ^ Army List.
  5. ^ "No. 27243". The London Gazette. 2 November 1900. p. 6689.
  6. ^ "No. 27455". The London Gazette. 18 July 1902. p. 4586.
  7. ^ "The Coronation Honours". The Times. No. 36804. London. 26 June 1902. p. 5.
  8. ^ "Lady Churchill leaving her husband in 1909". Los Angeles Times. 12 December 1909. p. 1. Retrieved 12 April 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ "No. 27493". The London Gazette (Supplement). 7 November 1902. pp. 7161–7163.
  10. ^ "Court Circular". The Times. No. 36922. London. 11 November 1902. p. 10.
  11. ^ "Court Circular". The Times. No. 36068. London. 17 February 1900. p. 11.
[edit]
Court offices
Preceded by Page of Honour
1876–1881 		Succeeded by
Preceded by His Majesty's Representative at Ascot
1901–1934 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Lord-in-waiting
1889–1892 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Lord-in-waiting
1895–1905 		Succeeded by
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation Viscount Churchill
1902–1934 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Baron Churchill
1886–1934
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