Vietnamese Fatherland Front

Vietnamese Fatherland Front Mặt Trận Tổ Quốc Việt Nam
File:Vietnamese Fatherland Front logo.svg
Chairman	Trần Thanh Mẫn
Founded	February 1977
Headquarters	Hà Nội, Vietnam
Ideology	Communism Marxism-Leninism Ho Chi Minh Thought Vietnamese nationalism
National Assembly	475 / 500
Politics of Vietnam Political parties Elections

The Vietnamese Fatherland Front (Vietnamese: Mặt Trận Tổ Quốc Việt Nam) is an umbrella group of mass movements in Vietnam aligned with the Communist Party of Vietnam forming part of the Vietnamese government. It was founded in February 1977 by the merger of the Vietnamese Fatherland Front of North Vietnam and two Việt Cộng groups, the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam and the Alliance of National, Democratic and Peace Forces of Việt Nam. It is an amalgamation of many smaller groups, including the Communist Party itself. Other groups that participated in the establishment of the Front were the remnants of the Việt Cộng, the Vietnam General Confederation of Labour, the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union (a.k.a. the Hồ Chí Minh Youth) and the Ho Chi Minh Young Pioneer Organization. It also included the Democratic Party of Vietnam and Socialist Party of Vietnam, until they disbanded in 1988. It also incorporates some officially sanctioned religious groups.

The Front is described by the Vietnamese government as "the political base of people's power." It is intended to have a significant role in society, promoting "national solidarity" and "unity of mind in political and spiritual matters." Many of the government's social programs are conducted through the Front. Recently, it has been given a role in programs to reduce poverty. The Front is also responsible for much of the government's policy on religion, and has the ability to determine which religious groups will receive official approval.

Perhaps more importantly, the Front is intended to supervise the activity of the government and of government organisations. Because the Front's power base is mass participation and popular mobilisation, it is seen as representative of the people, and both Vietnam's constitution and laws give it a special role. The Front has a particularly significant role in elections. Specifically, endorsement by the Front is generally required (in practice, if not in theory) to be a candidate for election. Almost all candidates are nominated by (and members of) the Front, with only a few "self-nominated" candidates avoiding the Front's veto. The Front's role in electoral nominations is mandated by law.

Leadership

Secretary General of the Vietnamese Fatherland Front since 1977:

• Nguyễn Văn Tiến (1977–1988)
• Phạm Văn Kiết (1988–1994)
• Trần Văn Đăng (1994–2004)
• Huỳnh Đảm (2004–2008)
• Vũ Trọng Kim (2008–2016)
• Trần Thanh Mẫn (from 2016)

Chairman of the Vietnamese Fatherland Front since 1977:

• Hoàng Quốc Việt (1977–1983),
• Huỳnh Tấn Phát (1983–1988),
• Nguyễn Hữu Thọ (1988–1994),
• Lê Quang Đạo (1994–1999),
• Phạm Thế Duyệt (1999–2008),
• Huỳnh Đảm (2008–2013),
• Nguyễn Thiện Nhân (2013–2017)
• Trần Thanh Mẫn (from 2017).

Formerly Front organisations

Tôn Đức Thắng giving the opening speech at the founding of the Vietnamese Fatherland Front in 1955

• League for the Independence of Vietnam (Việt Minh) founded by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941.
• Vietnamese National Popular League (Hội Liên hiệp Quốc dân Việt Nam or Liên Việt), founded on 29 May 1946. Head of League: Huỳnh Thúc Kháng (1946-1947), Bùi Bằng Đoàn (1947-1951).
• Vietnamese National Popular Front (Mặt trận Liên Việt), founded 1951, merged Viet Minh and Lien Viet. Chairman: Tôn Đức Thắng
• Vietnamese Fatherland Front (Mặt trận Tổ quốc Việt Nam), founded 1955 replaced Vietnamese National Popular Front. Chairman: Tôn Đức Thắng*
• National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (Việt Cộng), founded on 20 December 1960. Chairman: Nguyễn Hữu Thọ
• Alliance of National, Democratic and Peace Forces of Việt Nam, founded on 20 April 1968. Chairman: Trịnh Đình Thảo.

Electoral history

National Assembly elections

Election year	Number of votes received	Percentage of votes	Turnout	Number of seats won
1960	Not released	Not released	99.9%	421 / 421
1964	8,580,002	100%	97.8%	366 / 366
1971	Not released	Not released	98.9%	420 / 420
1975	10,561,314	100%	98.26%	424 / 424
1976	22,895,611	100%	98.8%	492 / 492
1981	Not released	100%	97.96%	496 / 496
1987	Not released	100%	98.8%	496 / 496
1992	37,195,592	100%	99.52%	395 / 395
1997	43,185,756	100%	99.59%	450 / 450
2002	49,211,275	100%	98.85%	498 / 498
2007	Not released	100%	99.64%	493 / 493
2011	61,965,651	Not released	99.36%	500 / 500
2016	67,049,091	100%	99.35%	475 / 494

External links

• Vietnamese Fatherland Front official website (in Vietnamese)