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{{More citations needed|date=January 2022}}
{{Expand Vietnamese|topic=gov|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Vietnam Fatherland Front
| native_name = Mặt trận Tổ quốc Việt Nam
| native_name_lang = vi
| abbreviation = VFF<br/>MTTQVN
| logo = Biểu_trưng_Mặt_trận_Tổ_quốc_Việt_Nam.svg
| logo_size =
| colorcode = {{party color|Vietnamese Fatherland Front}}
| chairman = [[Đỗ Văn Chiến]]
| secretary_general = Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà
| foundation = {{start date|df=y|1977|02}}
| dissolution =
| ideology = [[Communism]]<br>[[Marxism–Leninism]]<br>[[Ho Chi Minh Thought]]<br>[[Vietnamese nationalism]]
| predecessor =
| successor =
| headquarters = [[Hanoi]]
| position =
| religion =
| international =
| newspaper =
| colors =
| slogan =
| seats1_title = [[National Assembly of Vietnam|National Assembly]]
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|499|499|{{party color|Vietnamese Fatherland Front}}}}
| flag =
| website = http://mattran.org.vn/
| country = Vietnam
}}
{{Politics of Vietnam}}
{{Politics of Vietnam}}
[[File:Central Committee of Vietnam Fatherland Front.jpg|thumb|The building of the Central Committee of Vietnam Fatherland Front on Tràng Thi Street in Hanoi.]]
{{redirect|VFF|a [[Denmark|Danish]] [[Football (soccer)|football]] club|Viborg FF}} ''For the national railway company of Switzerland, see [[SBB-CFF-FFS]].''
The '''Vietnamese Fatherland Front''' ({{lang-vi|'''Mặt Trận Tổ Quốc Việt Nam'''}}) is an umbrella group of pro-government "mass movements" in [[Vietnam]], and has close links to the [[Communist Party of Vietnam]] and the Vietnamese government. It is an amalgamation of many smaller groups, including the Communist Party itself. Other groups that participated in the establishment of the Front were the remnants of the [[Viet Cong]], the [[Vietnamese General Confederation of Labour]], and the [[Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth League]] (aka the Hồ Chí Minh Youth). It also included the [[Democratic Party of Vietnam]] and [[Socialist Party of Vietnam]], until they were disbanded in 1988 [http://newsgroups.derkeiler.com/Archive/Soc/soc.culture.vietnamese/2006-06/msg00398.html]. It also incorporates some officially sanctioned religious groups.
The '''Vietnam Fatherland Front''' ('''VFF''', alternatively '''Vietnamese Fatherland Front'''; {{lang-vi|Mặt trận Tổ quốc Việt Nam}}) is an umbrella group of mass movements in [[Vietnam]] aligned with the [[Communist Party of Vietnam]] forming the Vietnamese government. It was founded in February 1977 by the merger of the Vietnam Fatherland Front of [[North Vietnam]] and two Viet Cong groups, the [[National Liberation Front of South Vietnam]] and the [[Alliance of National, Democratic, and Peace Forces]]. It is an amalgamation of many smaller groups, including the Communist Party itself. Other groups that participated in the establishment of the Front were the [[Vietnam General Confederation of Labour]], the [[Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union]] ({{a.k.a.}} the Ho Chi Minh Youth) and the [[Ho Chi Minh Young Pioneer Organization]]. It also included the [[Democratic Party of Vietnam]] and [[Socialist Party of Vietnam]], until they disbanded in 1988.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Van|first1=Dang|title=The Rebirth of the Democratic Party of Vietnam and a basic principle of constitutionalism|url=http://newsgroups.derkeiler.com/Archive/Soc/soc.culture.vietnamese/2006-06/msg00398.html|website=newsgroups.derkeiler.com|publisher=derkeiler|access-date=4 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110801/http://newsgroups.derkeiler.com/Archive/Soc/soc.culture.vietnamese/2006-06/msg00398.html|archive-date=April 2, 2015}}</ref> It also incorporates some officially sanctioned religious groups{{Such as?|date=May 2022}}.{{Cn|date=May 2022}}


The Front is described by the Vietnamese government as "the political base of people's power." It is intended to have a significant role in society, promoting "national solidarity" and "unity of mind in political and spiritual matters." Many of the government's social programs are conducted through the Front. Recently, it has been given a role in programs to reduce [[poverty]]. The Front is also responsible for much of the government's policy on [[religion]], and has the ability to determine which religious groups will receive official approval.
The Front is described by the Vietnamese government as "the political base of people's power." It is intended to have a significant role in society, promoting "national solidarity" and "unity of mind in political and spiritual matters." In practice, the members of the Front, like their [[United front|counterparts]] in other Communist states, are largely subservient to the Communist Party, and must accept the party's "[[vanguard party|leading role]]" as a condition of their existence.{{Cn|date=May 2022}}


Many of the government's social programs are conducted through the Front. Recently, it has been given a role in programs to reduce [[poverty]]. The Front is also responsible for much of the government's policy on [[religion]]: "1. Everyone has freedom of beliefs and religions, he or she has the right to follow a religion or not to follow any religion. All religions are equal before the law. 2. The state respects and protects freedom of beliefs and religions. 3. No one should violate freedom of beliefs and religions or take advantage of beliefs and religions to infringe the law."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dr Le Ba Trinh |title=Vice President of Central Committee's Fatherland Front of Vietnam |url=https://classic.iclrs.org/content/events/123/3448.pdf |website=International Center for Law and Religion Studies |access-date=23 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Article 24. Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam 2013 |date=2014 |publisher=National Politics – Truth |location=Hanoi |pages=17–18}}</ref>
Perhaps more importantly, the Front is intended to supervise the activity of the [[government]] and of government organizations. Because the Front is based around mass participation and popular mobilization, it is seen as representative of the people, and both Vietnam's [[constitution]] and laws give it a special role. The Front has a particularly significant role in [[elections]]. Specifically, endorsement by the Front is generally required (in practice, if not in theory) to be a candidate for election. Almost all candidates are nominated by (and members of) the Front, with only a few "self-nominated" candidates avoiding the Front's veto. The Front's role in electoral nominations is mandated by law.


Perhaps more importantly, the Front is intended to supervise the activity of the government and of government organisations. Because the Front's power base is mass participation and popular mobilisation, it is seen as representative of the people, and both Vietnam's [[constitution]] and laws give it a special role. The Front has a particularly significant role in [[elections in Vietnam|elections]]. Specifically, endorsement by the Front is generally required (in practice, if not in theory{{Cn|date=May 2022}}) to be a candidate for election. Almost all candidates are nominated by (and members of) the Front, with only a few "self-nominated" candidates avoiding the Front's veto. The Front's role in electoral nominations is mandated by law.{{Cn|date=May 2022}}
The current Chairman of the Presidium of the Vietnamese Fatherland Front is Mr. [[Huỳnh Đảm]].


== Leadership ==
Chairman of the '''Vietnamese Fatherland Front''' since 1977:


=== Secretaries General ===
[[Hoàng Quốc Việt]] (1977-1983),
[[Huỳnh Tấn Phát]] (1983-1988),
* [[Nguyễn Văn Tiến]] (1977–1988)
[[Nguyễn Hữu Thọ]] (1988-1994),
* [[Phạm Văn Kiết]] (1988–1994)
[[Lê Quang Đạo]] (1994-1999),
* [[Trần Văn Đăng]] (1994–2004)
* [[Huỳnh Đảm]] (2004–2008)
[[Phạm Thế Duyệt]] (1999-2008),
* [[Vũ Trọng Kim]] (2008–2016)
[[Huỳnh Đảm]] (from 2008).
* [[Trần Thanh Mẫn]] (from 2016)


==External links==
=== Chairmen ===
* [[Hoàng Quốc Việt]] (1977–1983)
*[http://www.mattran.org.vn/ Vietnamese Fatherland Front official website] (in Vietnamese)
* [[Huỳnh Tấn Phát]] (1983–1988)
{{Vietnamese political parties}}
* [[Nguyễn Hữu Thọ]] (1988–1994)
* [[Lê Quang Đạo]] (1994–1999)
* [[Phạm Thế Duyệt]] (1999–2008)
* [[Huỳnh Đảm]] (2008–2013)
* [[Nguyễn Thiện Nhân]] (2013–2017)
* [[Trần Thanh Mẫn]] (2017–2021)
* [[Đỗ Văn Chiến]] (from 2021)


== Former Front organisations ==
[[File:Tôn Đức Thắng.jpg|thumb|[[Tôn Đức Thắng]] giving the opening speech at the founding of the Vietnam Fatherland Front in 1955.]]
* [[Viet Minh|League for the Independence of Vietnam]] (Việt Minh) founded by [[Hồ Chí Minh]] on 19 May 1941.
* [[Democratic Party of Vietnam]]. Founded 30 July 1944, dissolved 20 October 1988.
* [[Vietnamese National Popular League]] (Hội Liên hiệp Quốc dân Việt Nam or Liên Việt), founded on 29 May 1946. Head of the League: [[Huỳnh Thúc Kháng]] (1946–1947), [[Bùi Bằng Đoàn]] (1947–1951).
* [[Socialist Party of Vietnam]]. Founded 22 July 1946, dissolved 22 July 1988.
* [[Vietnamese National Popular Front]] (Mặt trận Liên Việt), founded in 1951, merger of Viet Minh and Lien Viet. Chairman: [[Tôn Đức Thắng]].
* Vietnam Fatherland Front (Mặt trận Tổ quốc Việt Nam), founded in 1955 and replaced the Vietnamese National Popular Front. Chairman: [[Tôn Đức Thắng]].
* [[Viet Cong|National Liberation Front of South Vietnam]] ([[Việt Cộng]]), founded on 20 December 1960. Chairman: [[Nguyễn Hữu Thọ]].
* [[Alliance of National, Democratic and Peace Forces of Viet Nam]], founded on 20 April 1968. Chairman: [[Trịnh Đình Thảo]].


== Electoral history ==


=== National Assembly elections ===
[[Category:Political parties in Vietnam]]
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
[[Category:Popular fronts]]
!Election
!'''Votes'''
!'''%'''
!'''Seats'''
!'''+/–'''
!'''Position'''
!'''Role in government'''
|-
|[[1960 North Vietnamese legislative election|1960]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|421|421|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{increase}} 421
|{{increase}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[1964 North Vietnamese legislative election|1964]]
|8,580,002
|100%
|{{Composition bar|366|366|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{decrease}} 55
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[1971 North Vietnamese legislative election|1971]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|420|420|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{increase}} 54
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[1975 North Vietnamese legislative election|1975]]
|10,561,314
|100%
|{{Composition bar|424|424|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{increase}} 4
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[1976 Vietnamese legislative election|1976]]
|22,895,611
|100%
|{{Composition bar|492|492|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{increase}} 68
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[1981 Vietnamese legislative election|1981]]
|
|100%
|{{Composition bar|496|496|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{increase}} 4
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[1987 Vietnamese legislative election|1987]]
|
|100%
|{{Composition bar|496|496|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{steady}}
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[1992 Vietnamese legislative election|1992]]
|37,195,592
|100%
|{{Composition bar|395|395|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{decrease}} 101
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[1997 Vietnamese legislative election|1997]]
|43,185,756
|100%
|{{Composition bar|450|450|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{increase}} 55
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[2002 Vietnamese legislative election|2002]]
|49,211,275
|100%
|{{Composition bar|498|498|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{increase}} 48
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[2007 Vietnamese legislative election|2007]]
|
|100%
|{{Composition bar|493|493|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{decrease}} 5
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[2011 Vietnamese legislative election|2011]]
|61,965,651
|100%
|{{Composition bar|500|500|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{increase}} 7
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[2016 Vietnamese legislative election|2016]]
|67,049,091
|100%
|{{Composition bar|494|494|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{decrease}} 6
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|-
|[[2021 Vietnamese legislative election|2021]]
|69,243,604
|100%
|{{Composition bar|499|499|hex=#DA251D}}
|{{increase}} 5
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal coalition
under the control of [[Communist Party of Vietnam|CPV]]}}
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.mattran.org.vn/}} (in Vietnamese)
*''[https://archive.org/details/thirdcongressvff Third Congress of the Viet Nam Fatherland Front (Documents)]'', held in December 1971
{{Vietnamese political parties}}{{Authority control}}
{{French Colonial Architecture in Vietnam}}


[[Category:1977 establishments in Vietnam]]
[[fr:Front de la Patrie du Viêt Nam]]
[[Category:Communist Party of Vietnam]]
[[vi:Mặt trận Tổ quốc Việt Nam]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1977]]
[[Category:Political party alliances in Vietnam]]
[[Category:Popular fronts of communist states]]

Latest revision as of 05:10, 6 July 2024

Vietnam Fatherland Front
Mặt trận Tổ quốc Việt Nam
AbbreviationVFF
MTTQVN
ChairmanĐỗ Văn Chiến
Secretary-GeneralNguyễn Thị Thu Hà
FoundedFebruary 1977 (1977-02)
HeadquartersHanoi
IdeologyCommunism
Marxism–Leninism
Ho Chi Minh Thought
Vietnamese nationalism
National Assembly
499 / 499
Website
http://mattran.org.vn/
Politics of Vietnam
Ideology
Constitution
Communist Party
Legislative
  • Provincial People's Councils
Presidency
Executive
Fatherland Front
Military
Foreign relations
See also

flag Vietnam portal

icon Politics portal
The building of the Central Committee of Vietnam Fatherland Front on Tràng Thi Street in Hanoi.

The Vietnam Fatherland Front (VFF, alternatively Vietnamese Fatherland Front; Vietnamese: Mặt trận Tổ quốc Việt Nam) is an umbrella group of mass movements in Vietnam aligned with the Communist Party of Vietnam forming the Vietnamese government. It was founded in February 1977 by the merger of the Vietnam Fatherland Front of North Vietnam and two Viet Cong groups, the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam and the Alliance of National, Democratic, and Peace Forces. It is an amalgamation of many smaller groups, including the Communist Party itself. Other groups that participated in the establishment of the Front were the Vietnam General Confederation of Labour, the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union (a.k.a. the Ho Chi Minh Youth) and the Ho Chi Minh Young Pioneer Organization. It also included the Democratic Party of Vietnam and Socialist Party of Vietnam, until they disbanded in 1988.[1] It also incorporates some officially sanctioned religious groups[example needed].[citation needed]

The Front is described by the Vietnamese government as "the political base of people's power." It is intended to have a significant role in society, promoting "national solidarity" and "unity of mind in political and spiritual matters." In practice, the members of the Front, like their counterparts in other Communist states, are largely subservient to the Communist Party, and must accept the party's "leading role" as a condition of their existence.[citation needed]

Many of the government's social programs are conducted through the Front. Recently, it has been given a role in programs to reduce poverty. The Front is also responsible for much of the government's policy on religion: "1. Everyone has freedom of beliefs and religions, he or she has the right to follow a religion or not to follow any religion. All religions are equal before the law. 2. The state respects and protects freedom of beliefs and religions. 3. No one should violate freedom of beliefs and religions or take advantage of beliefs and religions to infringe the law."[2][3]

Perhaps more importantly, the Front is intended to supervise the activity of the government and of government organisations. Because the Front's power base is mass participation and popular mobilisation, it is seen as representative of the people, and both Vietnam's constitution and laws give it a special role. The Front has a particularly significant role in elections. Specifically, endorsement by the Front is generally required (in practice, if not in theory[citation needed]) to be a candidate for election. Almost all candidates are nominated by (and members of) the Front, with only a few "self-nominated" candidates avoiding the Front's veto. The Front's role in electoral nominations is mandated by law.[citation needed]

Leadership

[edit]

Secretaries General

[edit]

Chairmen

[edit]

Former Front organisations

[edit]
Tôn Đức Thắng giving the opening speech at the founding of the Vietnam Fatherland Front in 1955.

Electoral history

[edit]

National Assembly elections

[edit]
Election Votes % Seats +/– Position Role in government
1960
421 / 421
 Increase 421 Increase 1st Sole legal coalition

under the control of CPV

1964 8,580,002 100%
366 / 366
 Decrease 55 Steady 1st Sole legal coalition

under the control of CPV

1971
420 / 420
 Increase 54 Steady 1st Sole legal coalition

under the control of CPV

1975 10,561,314 100%
424 / 424
 Increase 4 Steady 1st Sole legal coalition

under the control of CPV

1976 22,895,611 100%
492 / 492
 Increase 68 Steady 1st Sole legal coalition

under the control of CPV

1981 100%
496 / 496
 Increase 4 Steady 1st Sole legal coalition

under the control of CPV

1987 100%
496 / 496
 Steady Steady 1st Sole legal coalition

under the control of CPV

1992 37,195,592 100%
395 / 395
 Decrease 101 Steady 1st Sole legal coalition

under the control of CPV

1997 43,185,756 100%
450 / 450
 Increase 55 Steady 1st Sole legal coalition

under the control of CPV

2002 49,211,275 100%
498 / 498
 Increase 48 Steady 1st Sole legal coalition

under the control of CPV

2007 100%
493 / 493
 Decrease 5 Steady 1st Sole legal coalition

under the control of CPV

2011 61,965,651 100%
500 / 500
 Increase 7 Steady 1st Sole legal coalition

under the control of CPV

2016 67,049,091 100%
494 / 494
 Decrease 6 Steady 1st Sole legal coalition

under the control of CPV

2021 69,243,604 100%
499 / 499
 Increase 5 Steady 1st Sole legal coalition

under the control of CPV

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Van, Dang. "The Rebirth of the Democratic Party of Vietnam and a basic principle of constitutionalism". newsgroups.derkeiler.com. derkeiler. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  2. ^ Dr Le Ba Trinh. "Vice President of Central Committee's Fatherland Front of Vietnam" (PDF). International Center for Law and Religion Studies. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  3. ^ Article 24. Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam 2013. Hanoi: National Politics – Truth. 2014. pp. 17–18.
[edit]
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