Protégé system
The protégé system (Arabic: نظام المحميين) in Morocco in the 19th century allowed people working for foreign consuls and vice-consuls certain privileges and legal protections not available to the rest of the population.[vague][1][2] At first the status of protégé was available only to Moroccans—Muslims and Jews—but it was extended to Europeans by the 1860s.[1] The protégé system was a parallel to the capitulatory system in the Ottoman Empire.[1][3]
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The Madrid Conference of 1880 was held at the behest of Sultan Hassan I in response to France and Spain's abuse[clarification needed] of the protégé system.[3]
See also
References
- ^ a b c Cornwell, Graham Hough (2018). Sweetening the Pot: A History of Tea and Sugar in Morocco, 1850-1960 (thesis thesis). Georgetown University.
- ^ "المحميون .. عندما طغى "وْلاد الفْشوش" على مغاربة القرن الـ19". Hespress - هسبريس جريدة إلكترونية مغربية (in Arabic). 2020-01-03. Retrieved 2021-11-19.
- ^ a b Miller, Susan Gilson (2013). A history of modern Morocco. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-62469-5. OCLC 855022840.