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{{Short description|Pakistani state-owned oil company}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=September 2020}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=September 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = Pakistan State Oil (PSO)
| name = Pakistan State Oil (PSO)
| native_name = {{Nastaliq|قومی تیل پاکستان}}
| native_name = {{Nastaliq|پاکستان ریاستی تیل}}
| native_name_lang = ur
| native_name_lang = ur
| logo = PakistanStateOilLogo.svg
| logo = PakistanStateOilLogo.svg
⚫
| image = PSO Headquarter Clifton Karachi.jpg
| image_caption = Headquarters of the Pakistan State Oil in [[Karachi]]
| type = [[Public sector|Public]]
| type = [[Public sector|Public]]
| traded_as = {{karse|PSO}}
| traded_as = {{karse|PSO}}
| predecessor = {{ubl|National Oil|Dawood Petroleum Limited|Premier Oil Company Limited|State Oil Company Limited}}
| foundation = {{Start date|1974|01|01}};<br /> 30 December 1976 (as PSO)<ref name=Forbes/>
| foundation = {{Start date|1974|01|01}};<br /> 30 December 1976 (as PSO)<ref name=Forbes/>
| location_city = [[Karachi]]<ref name=Forbes/>
| location_city = [[Karachi]]<ref name=Forbes/>
| location_country = [[Pakistan]]
| location_country = [[Pakistan]]
| area_served = Pakistan
| area_served = Pakistan
| key_people = {{plainlist|
| key_people = Syed Muhammad Taha<br /><small>(Managing Director and CEO)</small><br />Zafar.I.Usmani<br /><small>(Chairman)</small>
* Asif Baigmohamed ([[Chairperson|Chairman]])
* Syed Muhammad Taha ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])
}}
| industry = [[List of petroleum companies|Oil and gas]]
| industry = [[List of petroleum companies|Oil and gas]]
| products = [[Motor gasoline]] (Mogas), high-speed [[Diesel fuel|Diesel]] (HSD), [[furnace oil]] (FO), [[jet fuel]] (JP-1), [[kerosene]] oil, [[Compressed natural gas]] ([[CNG]]), [[petrochemical]]s and [[lubricant]]s
| products = [[Motor gasoline]] (Mogas), high-speed [[Diesel fuel|Diesel]] (HSD), [[furnace oil]] (FO), [[jet fuel]] (JP-1), [[kerosene]] oil, [[Compressed natural gas]] ([[CNG]]), [[petrochemical]]s and [[lubricant]]s
| revenue = {{increase}} {{PKRConvert|1.4|t}}<ref name="AR">{{cite web|title=PSO Annual Report 2021|url=https://psopk.com/files/pdf/annual-reports/2021/PSOAnnualReport2021.pdf|website=psopk.com/|access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref> (2021)
| revenue = {{Increase}} {{PKRConvert|3.39|t}}<ref name="AR2023">{{cite web|title=PSO Annual Report 2023|url=https://psopk.com/files/financial-reports/annual/2023/PSO-Annual-Report-2023.pdf|website=psopk.com|access-date=29 November 2023}}</ref>
| revenue_year = 2023
⚫
| operating_income = {{negative_increase}} {{PKRConvert|53.7|b}}<ref name=AR /> (2021)
| net_income = {{increase}} {{PKRConvert|29.14|b}}<ref name=AR /> (2021)
| operating_income = {{Decrease}} {{PKRConvert|24.36|b}}<ref name=AR2023/>
| income_year = 2023
| assets = {{increase}} {{PKRConvert|327.962|b}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://psopk.com/en/investors/results-reporting/financial-highlights-2020 | title=Financial Highlights &#124; Pakistan State Oil }}</ref>
⚫
| net_income = {{Decrease}} {{PKRConvert|5.66|b}}<ref name=AR2023/>
| equity = {{negative_increase}} {{PKRConvert|419.15|b}} (2021)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wsj.com/market-data/quotes/PK/PSO/financials/annual/balance-sheet | title=PSO.PK &#124; Pakistan State Oil Co. LTD. Annual Balance Sheet - WSJ }}</ref>
| net_income_year = 2023
⚫
| num_employees = 2,371 (June 2021)<ref name=AR />
| assets = {{Increase}} {{PKRConvert|983.39|b}}<ref name=AR2023/>
| subsid = {{Collapsible list<!-- Only current subsidiaries should be included here, please do not add joint-ventures or defunct entities--> | Asia Petroleum Limited<br />Pak-Grease Co. Limited }}
| assets_year = 2023
⚫
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.psopk.com/}}
| equity = {{Increase}} {{PKRConvert|216.56|b}}<ref name=AR2023/>
| equity_year = 2023
⚫
| num_employees = 2,222<ref name=AR2023/>
| num_employees_year = 2023
| subsid = {{ubl|PSO Venture Capital|PSO Renewable Energy|Cerisma|[[Pakistan Refinery Limited]] (63.56%)|Asia Petroleum Limited (49%)|Pak-Grease Co. Limited (22%)}}
| parent = [[Government of Pakistan]] (22.47%)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://psopk.com/en/our-group/corporate-governance|title=Pakistan State Oil Company Limited|website=psopk.com}}</ref>
⚫
| website = {{URL|psopk.com}}
}}
}}
⚫
'''Pakistan State Oil''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|پاکستان ریاستی تیل}}}}) is a Pakistani petroleum corporation involved in marketing and distribution of petroleum products.<ref name=Tribune/> It has a network of 3,689 petroleum [[filling station]]s, out of which 3500 outlets serve the public retail sector and 189 outlets serve wholesale bulk customers. ''Pakistan State Oil'' is Pakistan's largest fuel marketing company.<ref name=Forbes>[https://www.forbes.com/companies/pakistan-state-oil/ Company profile of Pakistan State Oil on Forbes.com website] Retrieved 14 September 2020</ref><ref name=BR>{{Cite news|url= https://www.brecorder.com/news/40015709/pso-fy20-scarred-by-inventory-losses |title=Pakistan State Oil (PSO): FY20 scarred by inventory losses|date=2 September 2020|newspaper=Business Recorder (newspaper)|access-date=14 September 2020}}</ref><ref name=Tribune>{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/879417/at-the-helm-engro-elengys-haque-takes-up-reins-of-pso/ |title=At the helm: Engro Elengy's Haque takes up reins of Pakistan State Oil|author=Saad Hasan|publisher=The Express Tribune (newspaper)|date=2 May 2015|access-date=14 September 2020}}</ref><ref name=BR2>[https://fp.brecorder.com/2004/05/20040503123211/ Pakistan State OIl &ndash; The Market leader with a vision] Business Recorder (newspaper), Published 3 May 2004, Retrieved 14 September 2020</ref>


⚫
== History ==
⚫
'''Pakistan State Oil''' ({{Nastaliq|قومی تیل پاکستان}}); [[reporting name]]: '''PSO''') is a [[Karachi]]-based [[Pakistan]]i [[State ownership|state-owned]] petroleum corporation involved in marketing and distribution of petroleum products.<ref name=Tribune/> It has a network of 3,689 petroleum [[filling station]]s, out of which 3500 outlets serve the public retail sector and 189 outlets serve wholesale bulk customers. ''Pakistan State Oil'' is Pakistan's largest fuel marketing company.<ref name=Forbes>[https://www.forbes.com/companies/pakistan-state-oil/ Company profile of Pakistan State Oil on Forbes.com website] Retrieved 14 September 2020</ref><ref name=BR>{{Cite news|url= https://www.brecorder.com/news/40015709/pso-fy20-scarred-by-inventory-losses |title=Pakistan State Oil (PSO): FY20 scarred by inventory losses|date=2 September 2020|newspaper=Business Recorder (newspaper)|access-date=14 September 2020}}</ref><ref name=Tribune>{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/879417/at-the-helm-engro-elengys-haque-takes-up-reins-of-pso/ |title=At the helm: Engro Elengy's Haque takes up reins of Pakistan State Oil|author=Saad Hasan|publisher=The Express Tribune (newspaper)|date=2 May 2015|access-date=14 September 2020}}</ref><ref name=BR2>[https://fp.brecorder.com/2004/05/20040503123211/ Pakistan State OIl &ndash; The Market leader with a vision] Business Recorder (newspaper), Published 3 May 2004, Retrieved 14 September 2020</ref>
⚫
{{Main|Nationalization in Pakistan#Nationalization phase (1971-1977)|l1=First Phase, Nationalization Programme}}
⚫
The creation of Pakistan State Oil (PSO) can be traced back to the year 1974, when on January 1; the government took over and merged National Oil (PNO) and Dawood Petroleum Limited (DPL) as Premiere Oil Company Limited (POCL).<ref name=BR2/>

⚫
Soon after that, on 3 June 1974, Petroleum Storage Development Corporation (PSDC) came into existence. PSDC was then renamed as State Oil Company Limited (SOCL) on August 23, 1976. Following that, the [[Esso]] undertakings were purchased on 15 September 1976 and control was vested in SOCL. The end of that year (30 December 1976) saw the merger of the Premier Oil Company Limited and State Oil Company Limited, giving way to Pakistan state Oil (PSO).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our History {{!}} Pakistan State Oil|url=https://psopk.com/en/about-us/our-history|access-date=2021-02-07|website=psopk.com}}</ref> A year later, it was listed on the [[Karachi Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brecorder.com/news/3110590|title=Oil & Gas Marketing Companies: PAKISTAN STATE OIL COMPANY LIMITED - Year Ended June 30 2004|date=15 December 2004|website=Brecorder}}</ref>

⚫
After PSO's inception, the corporate culture underwent a comprehensive renewal program which was fully implemented in 2004. This program over the years included the revamping of the organizational architecture, rationalization of staff, employee empowerment and transparency in decision making through cross functional teams. This new corporate renewal program has divided the company's major operations into independent activities supported by legal, financial, informative and other services. In order to reinforce and monitor this structural change, related check and balances have been established by incorporating monitoring and control systems. Due to this effective implementation of corporate reform and consistent application of the best industrial practices and business development strategies, PSO has been able to maintain its market leadership in a highly competitive business environment. Pakistan State Oil delivers kerosene, light diesel oil and lubricants to consumers through over 500 distributors all over Pakistan.<ref name=BR2/>


==Company overview==
==Company overview==
⚫
[[File:PSO Headquarter Clifton Karachi.jpg|thumb|PSO Headquarter Clifton Karachi]]
PSO controls a market share of over 60% of the total oil market with customer portfolio including dealers, government agencies, autonomous bodies, independent power projects and other corporate customers. It is involved in import, storage, distribution and marketing of a range of petroleum products including gasoline, diesel, fuel oil, jet fuel, LPG, CNG and petrochemicals.<ref name=BR2/>
PSO controls a market share of over 60% of the total oil market with customer portfolio including dealers, government agencies, autonomous bodies, independent power projects and other corporate customers. It is involved in import, storage, distribution and marketing of a range of petroleum products including gasoline, diesel, fuel oil, jet fuel, LPG, CNG and petrochemicals.<ref name=BR2/>


It was founded on December 30, 1976,<ref name=Forbes/> after Pakistan's government took over the management of Pakistan National Oil (PNO) and [[Dawood Hercules Corporation|Dawood Petroleum Limited]], Esso Eastern and renamed into POCL (Premier Oil Company Limited) for marketing of Petroleum Products. PSO is the first public company in Pakistan to pass the PKR 1 trillion revenue mark. Pakistan State Oil has been a member of the prestigious [[World Economic Forum]] since 2003.<ref name=BR2/>Its primary listing is on the [[Pakistan Stock Exchange]].<ref name="BR2" />
It was founded on December 30, 1976,<ref name=Forbes/> after Pakistan's government took over the management of Pakistan National Oil (PNO) and [[Dawood Hercules Corporation|Dawood Petroleum Limited]], Esso Eastern and renamed into POCL (Premier Oil Company Limited) for marketing of Petroleum Products. PSO is the first public company in Pakistan to pass the PKR 1 trillion revenue mark. Pakistan State Oil has been a member of the [[World Economic Forum]] since 2003.<ref name=BR2/> Its primary listing is on the [[Pakistan Stock Exchange]].<ref name="BR2" />


The State-owned Pakistan State Oil Co. has 3,500 petrol pumps. Where as [[Cnergyico]] has 982 petrol pumps, [[Total Parco|Total Parco Pakistan Ltd.]] has 800 petrol pumps and [[Shell Pakistan|Shell Pakistan Ltd]]. has 766 petrol pumps.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-16|title=Cnergyico leaps ahead of Shell and Total to become largest private-sector fuel retailer|url=https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2022/01/16/cnergyico-leaps-ahead-of-shell-and-total-to-become-largest-private-sector-fuel-retailer/|access-date=2022-01-24|website=Profit by Pakistan Today|language=en-US}}</ref>
The State-owned Pakistan State Oil Co. has 3,500 petrol pumps. Where as [[Cnergyico]] has 982 petrol pumps, [[Total Parco|Total Parco Pakistan Ltd.]] has 800 petrol pumps and [[Shell Pakistan|Shell Pakistan Ltd]]. has 766 petrol pumps.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-16|title=Cnergyico leaps ahead of Shell and Total to become largest private-sector fuel retailer|url=https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2022/01/16/cnergyico-leaps-ahead-of-shell-and-total-to-become-largest-private-sector-fuel-retailer/|access-date=2022-01-24|website=Profit by Pakistan Today|language=en-US}}</ref>


In 2023, PSO inaugurated an aircraft re-fueling facility at Skardu International Airport. This move establishes PSO as the only oil marketing company in Pakistan to extend its services to [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] region. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-12 |title=PSO helps spur tourism in Pakistan by unveiling high-end aircraft re-fueling facility at Skardu |url=https://www.nation.com.pk/12-Aug-2023/pso-helps-spur-tourism-in-pakistan-by-unveiling-high-end-aircraft-re-fueling-facility-at-skardu |access-date=2023-08-14 |website=The Nation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Skardu airport gets aircraft refueling service |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1099687-skardu-airport-gets-aircraft-refueling-service |access-date=2023-08-14 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}</ref>
The PSO posted 86 billion rupees of net profit in 2021-22 financial year.However in 2020-21 PSO profit was 30 billion rupees.In the financial year ended 2021-22 thanks to all time high petroleum imports of US 19 billion dollars for Pakistan the oil giant managed to up 196% of profits from last year.[https://www.dawn.com/news/1706991/pso-earnings-surge PSO profit 86 billion rupees]


The [[Government of Pakistan]] owns 22.47% of the PSO with a total of 51% direct and indirect investment.
⚫
== History ==
PSO owns 63.6% of [[Pakistan Refinery Limited]]. The company has established a network of incorporated subsidiaries managed from [[Karachi]]: Cerisma (Private) Limited, PSO Renewable Energy (Private) Limited and PSO Venture Private Capital (Limited).<ref>{{Cite web|lang=en|url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/40274553|title=Pakistan State Oil|website=BusinessRecorder|access-date=2024-03-13|archive-date=2023-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204142402/https://www.brecorder.com/news/40274553}}</ref>
⚫
{{Main|Nationalization in Pakistan#Nationalization phase (1971-1977)|l1=First Phase, Nationalization Programme}}


==See also==
⚫
The creation of Pakistan State Oil (PSO) can be traced back to the year 1974, when on January 1; the government took over and merged National Oil (PNO) and Dawood Petroleum Limited (DPL) as Premiere Oil Company Limited (POCL).<ref name=BR2/>
⚫
{{Portal|Pakistan|Energy}}

*[[Petroleum industry in Pakistan]]
⚫
Soon after that, on 3 June 1974, Petroleum Storage Development Corporation (PSDC) came into existence. PSDC was then renamed as State Oil Company Limited (SOCL) on August 23, 1976. Following that, the [[Esso]] undertakings were purchased on 15 September 1976 and control was vested in SOCL. The end of that year (30 December 1976) saw the merger of the Premier Oil Company Limited and State Oil Company Limited, giving way to Pakistan state Oil (PSO).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our History {{!}} Pakistan State Oil|url=https://psopk.com/en/about-us/our-history|access-date=2021-02-07|website=psopk.com}}</ref>
*[[List of largest companies in Pakistan]]

⚫
After PSO's inception, the corporate culture underwent a comprehensive renewal program which was fully implemented in 2004. This program over the years included the revamping of the organizational architecture, rationalization of staff, employee empowerment and transparency in decision making through cross functional teams. This new corporate renewal program has divided the company's major operations into independent activities supported by legal, financial, informative and other services. In order to reinforce and monitor this structural change, related check and balances have been established by incorporating monitoring and control systems. Due to this effective implementation of corporate reform and consistent application of the best industrial practices and business development strategies, PSO has been able to maintain its market leadership in a highly competitive business environment. Pakistan State Oil delivers kerosene, light diesel oil and lubricants to consumers via over 500 distributors all over Pakistan.<ref name=BR2/>


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
* {{official website|https://psopk.com/}}
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{{Portal|Pakistan|Energy}}

* [https://psopk.com/ Pakistan State Oil official website]
* [https://scstrade.com/stockscreening/SS_CompanySnapShot.aspx?symbol=PSO%20-%20Pakistan%20State%20Oil%20Company%20Ltd. Pakistan State Oil Detailed Company financials]
* [https://psopk.com/files/pdf/investors/2015/financials.pdf Pakistan State Oil Annual Report 2015]
* [https://psopk.com/files/pdf/financials_3.pdf Pakistan State Oil Annual Report 2016]
{{KSE 100}}
{{KSE 100}}
{{KSE 30}}
{{KSE 30}}
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[[Category:Companies based in Karachi]]
[[Category:Companies based in Karachi]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies in the KSE 100 Index]]
[[Category:National oil and gas companies]]
[[Category:National oil and gas companies]]
[[Category:Oil and gas companies of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Oil and gas companies of Pakistan]]
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[[Category:Energy companies established in 1974]]
[[Category:Energy companies established in 1974]]
[[Category:Non-renewable resource companies established in 1974]]
[[Category:Non-renewable resource companies established in 1974]]
[[Category:Pakistani companies established in 1974]]
[[Category:1970s initial public offerings]]
[[Category:Formerly government-owned companies of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistani brands]]
[[Category:Pakistani brands]]

Revision as of 20:07, 22 May 2024

Pakistan State Oil (PSO)
Native name
پاکستان ریاستی تیل
Company typePublic
PSX: PSO
IndustryOil and gas
Predecessor
  • National Oil
  • Dawood Petroleum Limited
  • Premier Oil Company Limited
  • State Oil Company Limited
FoundedJanuary 1, 1974 (1974-01-01);
30 December 1976 (as PSO)[1]
Headquarters
Karachi[1]
,
Pakistan
Area served
Pakistan
Key people
ProductsMotor gasoline (Mogas), high-speed Diesel (HSD), furnace oil (FO), jet fuel (JP-1), kerosene oil, Compressed natural gas (CNG), petrochemicals and lubricants
RevenueIncrease Rs. 3.39 trillion (US$12 billion)[2] (2023)
Decrease Rs. 24.36 billion (US$84 million)[2] (2023)
Decrease Rs. 5.66 billion (US$20 million)[2] (2023)
Total assetsIncrease Rs. 983.39 billion (US$3.4 billion)[2] (2023)
Total equityIncrease Rs. 216.56 billion (US$750 million)[2] (2023)
Number of employees
2,222[2] (2023)
ParentGovernment of Pakistan (22.47%)[3]
Subsidiaries
  • PSO Venture Capital
  • PSO Renewable Energy
  • Cerisma
  • Pakistan Refinery Limited (63.56%)
  • Asia Petroleum Limited (49%)
  • Pak-Grease Co. Limited (22%)
Websitepsopk.com

Pakistan State Oil (Urdu: پاکستان ریاستی تیل) is a Pakistani petroleum corporation involved in marketing and distribution of petroleum products.[4] It has a network of 3,689 petroleum filling stations, out of which 3500 outlets serve the public retail sector and 189 outlets serve wholesale bulk customers. Pakistan State Oil is Pakistan's largest fuel marketing company.[1][5][4][6]

History

Main article: First Phase, Nationalization Programme

The creation of Pakistan State Oil (PSO) can be traced back to the year 1974, when on January 1; the government took over and merged National Oil (PNO) and Dawood Petroleum Limited (DPL) as Premiere Oil Company Limited (POCL).[6]

Soon after that, on 3 June 1974, Petroleum Storage Development Corporation (PSDC) came into existence. PSDC was then renamed as State Oil Company Limited (SOCL) on August 23, 1976. Following that, the Esso undertakings were purchased on 15 September 1976 and control was vested in SOCL. The end of that year (30 December 1976) saw the merger of the Premier Oil Company Limited and State Oil Company Limited, giving way to Pakistan state Oil (PSO).[7] A year later, it was listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange.[8]

After PSO's inception, the corporate culture underwent a comprehensive renewal program which was fully implemented in 2004. This program over the years included the revamping of the organizational architecture, rationalization of staff, employee empowerment and transparency in decision making through cross functional teams. This new corporate renewal program has divided the company's major operations into independent activities supported by legal, financial, informative and other services. In order to reinforce and monitor this structural change, related check and balances have been established by incorporating monitoring and control systems. Due to this effective implementation of corporate reform and consistent application of the best industrial practices and business development strategies, PSO has been able to maintain its market leadership in a highly competitive business environment. Pakistan State Oil delivers kerosene, light diesel oil and lubricants to consumers through over 500 distributors all over Pakistan.[6]

Company overview

PSO controls a market share of over 60% of the total oil market with customer portfolio including dealers, government agencies, autonomous bodies, independent power projects and other corporate customers. It is involved in import, storage, distribution and marketing of a range of petroleum products including gasoline, diesel, fuel oil, jet fuel, LPG, CNG and petrochemicals.[6]

It was founded on December 30, 1976,[1] after Pakistan's government took over the management of Pakistan National Oil (PNO) and Dawood Petroleum Limited, Esso Eastern and renamed into POCL (Premier Oil Company Limited) for marketing of Petroleum Products. PSO is the first public company in Pakistan to pass the PKR 1 trillion revenue mark. Pakistan State Oil has been a member of the World Economic Forum since 2003.[6] Its primary listing is on the Pakistan Stock Exchange.[6]

The State-owned Pakistan State Oil Co. has 3,500 petrol pumps. Where as Cnergyico has 982 petrol pumps, Total Parco Pakistan Ltd. has 800 petrol pumps and Shell Pakistan Ltd. has 766 petrol pumps.[9]

In 2023, PSO inaugurated an aircraft re-fueling facility at Skardu International Airport. This move establishes PSO as the only oil marketing company in Pakistan to extend its services to Gilgit-Baltistan region. [10][11]

The Government of Pakistan owns 22.47% of the PSO with a total of 51% direct and indirect investment. PSO owns 63.6% of Pakistan Refinery Limited. The company has established a network of incorporated subsidiaries managed from Karachi: Cerisma (Private) Limited, PSO Renewable Energy (Private) Limited and PSO Venture Private Capital (Limited).[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Company profile of Pakistan State Oil on Forbes.com website Retrieved 14 September 2020
  2. ^ a b c d e f "PSO Annual Report 2023" (PDF). psopk.com. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  3. ^ "Pakistan State Oil Company Limited". psopk.com.
  4. ^ a b Saad Hasan (2 May 2015). "At the helm: Engro Elengy's Haque takes up reins of Pakistan State Oil". The Express Tribune (newspaper). Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  5. ^ "Pakistan State Oil (PSO): FY20 scarred by inventory losses". Business Recorder (newspaper). 2 September 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Pakistan State OIl – The Market leader with a vision Business Recorder (newspaper), Published 3 May 2004, Retrieved 14 September 2020
  7. ^ "Our History | Pakistan State Oil". psopk.com. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
  8. ^ "Oil & Gas Marketing Companies: PAKISTAN STATE OIL COMPANY LIMITED - Year Ended June 30 2004". Brecorder. 15 December 2004.
  9. ^ "Cnergyico leaps ahead of Shell and Total to become largest private-sector fuel retailer". Profit by Pakistan Today. 16 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  10. ^ "PSO helps spur tourism in Pakistan by unveiling high-end aircraft re-fueling facility at Skardu". The Nation. 12 August 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  11. ^ "Skardu airport gets aircraft refueling service". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  12. ^ "Pakistan State Oil". BusinessRecorder. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
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