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==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The term "parenchyma" is [[New Latin]] from [[Ancient Greek|word Greek]] παρέγχυμα ''parenchyma'', "visceral flesh" from παρεγχεῖν ''parenkhein'', "to pour in" from παρα- ''para-'', "beside", ἐν ''en-'', "in" and χεῖν ''khein'', "to pour".<ref>{{cite book |first1=Priscilla |last1=LeMone |first2=Karen |last2=Burke |first3=Trudy |last3=Dwyer |first4=Tracy |last4=Levett-Jones |first5=Lorna |last5=Moxham |first6=Kerry |last6=Reid-Searl |first7=Kamaree |last7=Berry |first8=Keryln |last8=Carville |first9=Majella |last9=Hales |first10=Nicole |last10=Knox |first11=Yoni |last11=Luxford |first12=Debra |last12=Raymond |year=2013 |chapter=Parenchyma |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=MDXiBAAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA48 |page=G–18 |title=Medical-Surgical Nursing |publisher=Pearson Australia |isbn=978-1-4860-1440-8}}</ref>
The term "parenchyma" is [[New Latin]] from [[Ancient Greek|word Greek]] παρένχυμα ''parenchyma'', "visceral flesh" from παρενχεῖν ''parenkhein'', "to pour in" from παρα- ''para-'', "beside", ἐν ''en-'', "in" and χεῖν ''khein'', "to pour".<ref>{{cite book |first1=Priscilla |last1=LeMone |first2=Karen |last2=Burke |first3=Trudy |last3=Dwyer |first4=Tracy |last4=Levett-Jones |first5=Lorna |last5=Moxham |first6=Kerry |last6=Reid-Searl |first7=Kamaree |last7=Berry |first8=Keryln |last8=Carville |first9=Majella |last9=Hales |first10=Nicole |last10=Knox |first11=Yoni |last11=Luxford |first12=Debra |last12=Raymond |year=2013 |chapter=Parenchyma |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=MDXiBAAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA48 |page=G–18 |title=Medical-Surgical Nursing |publisher=Pearson Australia |isbn=978-1-4860-1440-8}}</ref>


Originally, [[Erasistratus]] and other anatomists used it to refer to certain human tissues.<ref>Virchow, R.L.K. (1863). ''Cellular pathology as based upon physiological and pathological histology'' [...] by Rudolf Virchow. Translated from the 2d ed. of the original by Frank Chance. With notes and numerous emendations, principally from MS. notes of the author. 1–562. [Cf. p. 339.] [https://books.google.com/books?id=CklHAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA339 link].</ref> Later, it was also applied to some plant tissues by [[Nehemiah Grew]].<ref>Gager, C. S. 1915. The ballot for names for the exterior of the laboratory building, Brooklyn Botanic Garden. ''Rec. Brooklyn Bot. Gard.'' IV, p. 105–123. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40870#page/129/mode/1up link].</ref>
Originally, [[Erasistratus]] and other anatomists used it to refer to certain human tissues.<ref>Virchow, R.L.K. (1863). ''Cellular pathology as based upon physiological and pathological histology'' [...] by Rudolf Virchow. Translated from the 2d ed. of the original by Frank Chance. With notes and numerous emendations, principally from MS. notes of the author. 1–562. [Cf. p. 339.] [https://books.google.com/books?id=CklHAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA339 link].</ref> Later, it was also applied to some plant tissues by [[Nehemiah Grew]].<ref>Gager, C. S. 1915. The ballot for names for the exterior of the laboratory building, Brooklyn Botanic Garden. ''Rec. Brooklyn Bot. Gard.'' IV, p. 105–123. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40870#page/129/mode/1up link].</ref>

Revision as of 04:40, 14 September 2019

This article is about Parenchyma in animals. For information specific to Plants, see Ground tissue § Parenchyma.
Lung parenchyma showing damage due to large subpleural bullae.

Parenchyma (/pəˈrɛŋkɪmə/)[1][2] is the bulk of functional substance in an animal organ.

Etymology

The term "parenchyma" is New Latin from word Greek παρένχυμα parenchyma, "visceral flesh" from παρενχεῖν parenkhein, "to pour in" from παρα- para-, "beside", ἐν en-, "in" and χεῖν khein, "to pour".[3]

Originally, Erasistratus and other anatomists used it to refer to certain human tissues.[4] Later, it was also applied to some plant tissues by Nehemiah Grew.[5]

Structure

The parenchyma is the functional parts of an organ in the body. This is in contrast to the stroma, which refers to the structural tissue of organs, namely, the connective tissues.

Brain parenchyma

The brain parenchyma refers to the functional tissue in the brain that is made up of the two types of brain cell, neurons and glial cells.[6] Damage or trauma to the brain parenchyma often results in a loss of cognitive ability or even death.

Lung parenchyma

Lung parenchyma is the substance of the lung outside of the circulation system that is involved with gas exchange and includes the alveoli and respiratory bronchioles,[7] though some authors only include the alveoli.[8]

References

  1. ^ "Parenchyma". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
  2. ^ "Parenchyma". Oxford Dictionaries UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. n.d. Retrieved 2017-06-08.
  3. ^ LeMone, Priscilla; Burke, Karen; Dwyer, Trudy; Levett-Jones, Tracy; Moxham, Lorna; Reid-Searl, Kerry; Berry, Kamaree; Carville, Keryln; Hales, Majella; Knox, Nicole; Luxford, Yoni; Raymond, Debra (2013). "Parenchyma". Medical-Surgical Nursing. Pearson Australia. p. G–18. ISBN 978-1-4860-1440-8. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Virchow, R.L.K. (1863). Cellular pathology as based upon physiological and pathological histology [...] by Rudolf Virchow. Translated from the 2d ed. of the original by Frank Chance. With notes and numerous emendations, principally from MS. notes of the author. 1–562. [Cf. p. 339.] link.
  5. ^ Gager, C. S. 1915. The ballot for names for the exterior of the laboratory building, Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Rec. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. IV, p. 105–123. link.
  6. ^ http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-the-brain-parenchyma.htm
  7. ^ "Lung parenchyma". Retrieved 9 February 2016.
  8. ^ Suki, B (July 2011). "Lung parenchymal mechanics". Compr Physiol. 1: 1317–1351 – via PMID 23733644.
  • The dictionary definition of parenchyma at Wiktionary
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