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{{Short description|Mosque in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India}} |
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{{moresources|date=May 2024}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}} |
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{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}} |
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{{Infobox religious building |
{{Infobox religious building |
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| building_name = |
| building_name = Qutb al-Din Shah's Mosque |
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| infobox_width = |
| infobox_width = |
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| image =Qutub Shah's Mosque Ahmedabad 1866.jpg |
| image = Qutub Shah's Mosque Ahmedabad 1866.jpg |
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| caption = |
| caption = Qutb al-Din Shah's Mosque, 1866 |
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| image_size = |
| image_size = |
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| alt = |
| alt = |
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| map_type =India Gujarat |
| map_type = India Ahmedabad##India Gujarat |
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| map_size =300px |
| map_size = 300px |
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| map_caption =Location in Gujarat, India |
| map_caption = Location in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India |
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| location =[[Ahmedabad]] |
| location = [[Ahmedabad]] |
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| coordinates = {{coord|23. |
| coordinates = {{coord|23.03533|72.58738|region:IN|display=inline,title}} |
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| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]] |
| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]] |
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| rite = |
| rite = |
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| region = |
| region = |
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| state =[[Gujarat]] |
| state = [[Gujarat]] |
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| province = |
| province = |
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| territory = |
| territory = |
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| prefecture = |
| prefecture = |
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| sector = |
| sector = |
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| district = |
| district = |
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| cercle = |
| cercle = |
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| municipality =[[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]] |
| municipality = [[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]] |
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| consecration_year = |
| consecration_year = |
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| status = |
| status = |
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| functional_status =Active |
| functional_status = Active |
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| heritage_designation = |
| heritage_designation = |
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| leadership = |
| leadership = |
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| website = |
| website = |
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| architecture =yes |
| architecture = yes |
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| architect = |
| architect = |
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| architecture_type =Mosque |
| architecture_type = Mosque |
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| architecture_style =[[Indo-Islamic architecture]] |
| architecture_style = [[Indo-Islamic architecture]] |
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| founded_by =Sultan Qutb-ud-din |
| founded_by = Sultan Qutb-ud-din |
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| funded_by = |
| funded_by = |
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| general_contractor = |
| general_contractor = |
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| facade_direction = |
| facade_direction = |
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| groundbreaking = |
| groundbreaking = |
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| year_completed =1446 |
| year_completed = 1446 |
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| construction_cost = |
| construction_cost = |
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| specifications = |
| specifications = |
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| capacity = |
| capacity = |
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| length = |
| length = |
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| width = |
| width = |
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| width_nave = |
| width_nave = |
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| height_max = |
| height_max = |
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| dome_quantity = |
| dome_quantity = |
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| dome_height_outer = |
| dome_height_outer = |
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| dome_height_inner = |
| dome_height_inner = |
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| dome_dia_outer = |
| dome_dia_outer = |
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| dome_dia_inner = |
| dome_dia_inner = |
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| minaret_quantity = |
| minaret_quantity = |
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| minaret_height = |
| minaret_height = |
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| spire_quantity = |
| spire_quantity = |
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| spire_height = |
| spire_height = |
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| materials = |
| materials = |
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| nrhp =no |
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| added = |
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| designated = National Monument of Importance<br />ASI Monument No. N-GJ-16 |
| designated = National Monument of Importance<br />ASI Monument No. N-GJ-16 |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Qutb al-Din Shah Masjid''', not to be confused with Masjid Qutbuddin Ahmad Shah (1414), is a medieval mosque built in 1449 in [[Ahmedabad]] district, [[Gujarat]], India. Although the mosque is not considered a distinctive building by scholars, it exemplifies the progression of the Indo-Islamic architectural style of Ahmedabad in the 15th century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burton-Page |first=John |title=Indian Islamic architecture: forms and typologies, sites and monuments |last2=Michell |first2=G. |date=2008 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-16339-3 |series=Handbook of Oriental studies = Handbuch der Orientalistik. Section 2, India |pages=85-86 |chapter=Sites and Monuments |doi=10.1163/ej.9789004163393.i-258.22}}</ref> |
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'''Qutub Shah's Mosque''' or '''Sultan Qutbuddin Masjid''' is a medieval mosque in [[Ahmedabad]], India.<ref name=gg/> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[File:Kootub Shah's Mosque, Ahmedabad (c. 1880).jpg|thumb|left| |
[[File:Kootub Shah's Mosque, Ahmedabad (c. 1880).jpg|thumb|left|Qutb al-Din Shah's Mosque, Ahmedabad (c. 1880)]] |
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===Foundation=== |
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It was raised in 1446 by Sultan Qutb-ud-din [[Ahmad Shah II]] during the reign of his father Sultan [[Muhammad Shah II]]. It is a large heavy building with Hindu architecture elements.<ref name=gg>{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Ahmedabad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EL4IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA281&focus=viewport&dq=dastur+khan+mosque&output=html_text|year=1879|publisher=Government Central Press|page=279}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |
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{{commonscat}} |
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The Mosque of Qutb al-Din Shah was built during the short reign of [[Ahmad Shah II]] (1451 - 1458), who acquired the title Qutb al-Din Shah following his ascension to the throne. Nevertheless, an inscription band situated within the central mihrab of the mosque gives the date 1449 as the year of foundation, falling during the reign of his predecessor and father, Muhammad Shah II.{{commonscat}}'''Patronage''' |
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Despite the confusion regarding the date of foundation, scholars ascribe the building to Ahmad Shah II, who was reported in an earlier source under the name Jalal Khan, son of Muhammad Shah II. Ahmad Shah II, who was reported to be a tyrannical and vindictive ruler, spent the eight years of his reign in wars against the sovereigns of Malwa and Chittoor. He famously had a longstanding feud with the dervish (Saint) Shah Alam, who had served as his advisor before the fallout. |
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Besides the mosque carrying his name, he constructed two more buildings during his reign, namely, the great mosque of Rajapur and the artificial tank, Hauz-i-Qutb, at Kankariya. |
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===Location=== |
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Qutb al-Din Shah mosque is located at the northern end of the walled city of Ahmedabad. It stands on the right of the main street leading from the market to the Delhi Gate, roughly around 300 yards (275 meters) away from the gate. Part of the structure on the north east side protrudes into the straight line of the street. In 1864, a proposal was submitted to the municipality to cut off the protruding structure to align the building with the street. The mosque, which had initially extended over an area of {{convert|6,283|yd2}}, lost about a fifth of its area to roads and a private property on which huts have been built. The mosque has also been used for storage of cotton bales, and portions have been cut off by partitions to be used as dwellings. |
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===Architecture and design=== |
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The Mosque of Qutb al-Din Shah is characteristic of the Indo-Islamic architectural style, featuring a markedly Hindu-influenced exterior. The mosque does not represent any substantial architectural development; its immediate prototype is the [[Ahmed Shah's Mosque|Ahmad Shah]] mosque in Ahmedabad which shares the same plan yet differs in scale and exterior decorative scheme. The Qutb al-Din Shah mosque has been criticised by scholars<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Burgess |first=James |title=The Muhammadan Architecture of Ahmadabad |date=1900–1905 |publisher=W. Gross & Sons |location=London |pages=44–45 |language=en}}</ref> for its stiff proportions. Scholars consider it an unsuccessful attempt at combining an arched facade with a columnar interior. |
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===Exterior=== |
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The mosque is a large rectangular structure—{{convert|149|by|37|ft}}—and is distinguished by its robust and intricately decorated buttresses which are distinctively Hindu-inspired and served as bases for the now lost twin minarets. The buttresses are engaged to the arched prayer hall screen which is made of five arched entries, flanking the central slightly raised arched entrance, enabling it to stand out. The buttresses are decorated with horizontal carved mouldings which are divided vertically and feature panels with floral patterns on the front side of each buttress. The Western (Qibla) side facing the street features buttresses marking the location of the mihrabs inside the prayer hall. The structure has four windows on the frontal façade, and six windows at the back, all recessed with carved stone screens. A series of crenellations runs along the top of the whole building. |
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The mosque is topped by five large domes and ten smaller domes, with flat interspaces supported on sixty pillars. The central dome is raised on eight stellate pillars, giving it height of one storey above the general roof, however scholars<ref name=":0" /> argue that the height was not sufficient to harmonise the proportions of the building. |
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The courtyard before the mosque includes a square cistern from which water was raised by a wheel for ablution. |
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===Interior=== |
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The prayer hall is equipped with five mihrabs, all featuring rectangular and semi-circular recesses made out of stone, while the main mihrab is made of white and gray marble, and includes a recently inserted inscription band giving the date of construction of the mosque and the architect, Nizam son of Hallu Sultani. The hall is also equipped with a modest three steps minbar. |
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==References == |
==References == |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{Mosques in India}} |
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{{Ahmedabad topics|status=collapsed}} |
{{Ahmedabad topics|status=collapsed}} |
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[[Category:Mosques in |
[[Category:Mosques in Ahmedabad]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1446]] |
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[[Category:Buildings and structures in Ahmedabad]] |
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[[Category:Tourist attractions in Ahmedabad]] |
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[[Category:Religious buildings completed in 1446]] |
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[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Gujarat]] |
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Gujarat]] |
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[[Category:Gujarat Sultanate mosques]] |
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{{India-mosque-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 21:28, 17 June 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2024) |
| Qutb al-Din Shah's Mosque | |
|---|---|
 Qutb al-Din Shah's Mosque, 1866 | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Islam |
| Status | Active |
| Location | |
| Location | Ahmedabad |
| Municipality | Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation |
| State | Gujarat |
  Location in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India  Qutbuddin Mosque (Gujarat) | |
| Geographic coordinates | 23°02′07″N 72°35′15″E / 23.03533°N 72.58738°E |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Mosque |
| Style | Indo-Islamic architecture |
| Founder | Sultan Qutb-ud-din |
| Completed | 1446 |
| Designated as NHL | National Monument of Importance ASI Monument No. N-GJ-16 |
Qutb al-Din Shah Masjid, not to be confused with Masjid Qutbuddin Ahmad Shah (1414), is a medieval mosque built in 1449 in Ahmedabad district, Gujarat, India. Although the mosque is not considered a distinctive building by scholars, it exemplifies the progression of the Indo-Islamic architectural style of Ahmedabad in the 15th century.[1]
History
[edit]
Foundation
[edit]The Mosque of Qutb al-Din Shah was built during the short reign of Ahmad Shah II (1451 - 1458), who acquired the title Qutb al-Din Shah following his ascension to the throne. Nevertheless, an inscription band situated within the central mihrab of the mosque gives the date 1449 as the year of foundation, falling during the reign of his predecessor and father, Muhammad Shah II.
Patronage
Despite the confusion regarding the date of foundation, scholars ascribe the building to Ahmad Shah II, who was reported in an earlier source under the name Jalal Khan, son of Muhammad Shah II. Ahmad Shah II, who was reported to be a tyrannical and vindictive ruler, spent the eight years of his reign in wars against the sovereigns of Malwa and Chittoor. He famously had a longstanding feud with the dervish (Saint) Shah Alam, who had served as his advisor before the fallout.
Besides the mosque carrying his name, he constructed two more buildings during his reign, namely, the great mosque of Rajapur and the artificial tank, Hauz-i-Qutb, at Kankariya.
Location
[edit]Qutb al-Din Shah mosque is located at the northern end of the walled city of Ahmedabad. It stands on the right of the main street leading from the market to the Delhi Gate, roughly around 300 yards (275 meters) away from the gate. Part of the structure on the north east side protrudes into the straight line of the street. In 1864, a proposal was submitted to the municipality to cut off the protruding structure to align the building with the street. The mosque, which had initially extended over an area of 6,283 square yards (5,253 m2), lost about a fifth of its area to roads and a private property on which huts have been built. The mosque has also been used for storage of cotton bales, and portions have been cut off by partitions to be used as dwellings.
Architecture and design
[edit]The Mosque of Qutb al-Din Shah is characteristic of the Indo-Islamic architectural style, featuring a markedly Hindu-influenced exterior. The mosque does not represent any substantial architectural development; its immediate prototype is the Ahmad Shah mosque in Ahmedabad which shares the same plan yet differs in scale and exterior decorative scheme. The Qutb al-Din Shah mosque has been criticised by scholars[2] for its stiff proportions. Scholars consider it an unsuccessful attempt at combining an arched facade with a columnar interior.
Exterior
[edit]The mosque is a large rectangular structure—149 by 37 feet (45 by 11 m)—and is distinguished by its robust and intricately decorated buttresses which are distinctively Hindu-inspired and served as bases for the now lost twin minarets. The buttresses are engaged to the arched prayer hall screen which is made of five arched entries, flanking the central slightly raised arched entrance, enabling it to stand out. The buttresses are decorated with horizontal carved mouldings which are divided vertically and feature panels with floral patterns on the front side of each buttress. The Western (Qibla) side facing the street features buttresses marking the location of the mihrabs inside the prayer hall. The structure has four windows on the frontal façade, and six windows at the back, all recessed with carved stone screens. A series of crenellations runs along the top of the whole building.
The mosque is topped by five large domes and ten smaller domes, with flat interspaces supported on sixty pillars. The central dome is raised on eight stellate pillars, giving it height of one storey above the general roof, however scholars[2] argue that the height was not sufficient to harmonise the proportions of the building.
The courtyard before the mosque includes a square cistern from which water was raised by a wheel for ablution.
Interior
[edit]The prayer hall is equipped with five mihrabs, all featuring rectangular and semi-circular recesses made out of stone, while the main mihrab is made of white and gray marble, and includes a recently inserted inscription band giving the date of construction of the mosque and the architect, Nizam son of Hallu Sultani. The hall is also equipped with a modest three steps minbar.
References
[edit]- ^ Burton-Page, John; Michell, G. (2008). "Sites and Monuments". Indian Islamic architecture: forms and typologies, sites and monuments. Handbook of Oriental studies = Handbuch der Orientalistik. Section 2, India. Brill. pp. 85–86. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004163393.i-258.22. ISBN 978-90-04-16339-3.
- ^ a b Burgess, James (1900–1905). The Muhammadan Architecture of Ahmadabad. London: W. Gross & Sons. pp. 44–45.
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