Roque González y de Santa Cruz: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Paraguayan missionary}} |
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{{Infobox saint |
{{Infobox saint |
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|honorific_prefix=Saint |
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|name= |
|name=Roque González de Santa Cruz |
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|birth_date=17 November 1576 |
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|honorific_suffix=[[Society of Jesus|SJ]] |
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|death_date=15 November 1628 |
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|birth_date= {{birth date|1576|11|17|df=yes}} |
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|death_date= {{death date and age|1628|11|15|1576|11|17|df=yes}} |
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|feast_day=16 November |
|feast_day=16 November |
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|venerated_in=[[Roman |
|venerated_in=[[Roman Catholic Church]] |
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|image=Roque González de Santa Cruz.jpg |
|image=Roque González de Santa Cruz.jpg |
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|caption= |
|caption= |
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|birth_place=[[Asunción]], [[Governorate of the Río de la Plata]], [[Viceroyalty of Peru]], [[Spanish Empire]] |
|birth_place=[[Asunción]], [[Governorate of the Río de la Plata]], [[Viceroyalty of Peru]], [[Spanish Empire]] |
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|death_place=Mission of Todos los Santos de Caaró, [[Captaincy]] of [[Rio Grande do Sul]], [[State of Brazil]], [[Portuguese Empire]] |
|death_place=Mission of Todos los Santos de Caaró, [[Captaincy]] of [[Rio Grande do Sul]], [[State of Brazil]], [[Portuguese Empire]] |
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|titles=[[Martyr]] |
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|titles=[[Religious (Catholicism)|Religious]], priest, missionary & martyr |
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|beatified_date=January |
|beatified_date=28 January , 1934 |
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|beatified_by=[[Pope Pius XI]] |
|beatified_by=[[Pope Pius XI]] |
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|canonized_date= |
|canonized_date=16 May, 1988 |
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|canonized_by= [[Pope John Paul II]] |
|canonized_by= [[Pope John Paul II]] |
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|attributes= |
|attributes= |
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|patronage=<!-- WARNING: patronages MUST CORRESPOND to a reliable secondary source, per WP:RS --> |
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|patronage=native traditions; [[Posadas, Argentina]]; [[Encarnación, Paraguay]] |
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|suppressed_date= |
|suppressed_date= |
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|issues= |
|issues= |
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|prayer= |
|prayer= |
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}} |
}} |
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:''Not to be mistaken for footballer [[Roque Santa Cruz]].'' |
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'''Roque González de Santa Cruz''', |
'''Roque González de Santa Cruz''', SJ (17 November 1576 – 15 November 1628) was a [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] [[Catholic priest|priest]] who was the first missionary among the [[Guarani people]] in [[Paraguay]]. He is honored as a martyr and saint by the [[Catholic Church]]. |
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==Life== |
==Life== |
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González was born in the |
González was born in the city of [[Asunción]], now part of Paraguay, on 17 November 1576.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.protexto.com.br/texto.php?cod_texto=146&PHPSESSID=0a178f8c1e00768b6e35bf83cf509dc8|title=Editora Protexto|website=www.protexto.com.br|access-date=2018-08-22|archive-date=2018-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823005811/http://www.protexto.com.br/texto.php?cod_texto=146&PHPSESSID=0a178f8c1e00768b6e35bf83cf509dc8|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was the son of the Spanish colonists Bartolomé González y de Villaverde and María de Santa Cruz, who were both from noble families. Due to the large native population in the region, he spoke [[Guaraní language|Guaraní]] fluently from an early age, as well as his native Spanish. |
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In 1598, at the age of 23, González was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] a [[Catholic priest|priest]] by Fernando Trexo y Senabria |
In 1598, at the age of 23, González was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] a [[Catholic priest|priest]] by Fernando Trexo y Senabria, the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Córdoba|Bishop of Córdoba]], to serve that [[diocese]]. In 1609 he became a member of the [[Society of Jesus]], beginning his work as a [[Christian missionary|missionary]] in what is now Brazil. He became the first [[European ethnic groups|European]] person to enter the region known today as the State of [[Rio Grande do Sul]], extending the system of [[Jesuit reduction]]s begun in Paraguay to that region. |
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González' arrival in the area happened only after his developing delicate relationships of trust with local indigenous leaders, some of whom feared that the priests were preparing the way for the arrival of masses of Spanish colonists in their land. |
González' arrival in the area happened only after his developing delicate relationships of trust with local indigenous leaders, some of whom feared that the priests were preparing the way for the arrival of masses of Spanish colonists in their land. |
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In 1613 González led the founding of the Reduction of [[San Ignacio Miní]]. In 1615 he founded Itapúa, which is now the City of [[Posadas, Misiones|Posadas]] in the Argentine Province of Misiones. Then he had to move the reduction to the other side of the river, now the site of the City of [[Encarnación, Paraguay|Encarnación]]. He also founded the reductions of Concepción de la Sierra Candelaria (1619), Candelaria (1627), San Javier, [[Yapeyú, Corrientes|Yapeyú]] (now in the Province of [[Corrientes]]), San Nicolás, Asunción del [[Ijuí]], and Caaró (now in Brazil).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ignatianspirituality.com/ignatian-voices/16th-and-17th-century-ignatian-voices/st-roque-gonzalez-sj|title=St. Roque González, SJ (1576-1628) |
In 1613 González led the founding of the Reduction of [[San Ignacio Miní]]. In 1615 he founded Itapúa, which is now the City of [[Posadas, Misiones|Posadas]] in the Argentine Province of Misiones. Then he had to move the reduction to the other side of the river, now the site of the City of [[Encarnación, Paraguay|Encarnación]]. He also founded the reductions of Concepción de la Sierra Candelaria (1619), Candelaria (1627), San Javier, [[Yapeyú, Corrientes|Yapeyú]] (now in the Province of [[Corrientes]]), San Nicolás, Asunción del [[Ijuí]], and Caaró (now in Brazil).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ignatianspirituality.com/ignatian-voices/16th-and-17th-century-ignatian-voices/st-roque-gonzalez-sj|title=St. Roque González, SJ (1576-1628)|work=Ignatian Spirituality|access-date=2018-08-22|language=en-US}}</ref> In the region of Iyuí, he had difficulties with the local chieftain and sorcerer (''[[cacique]]'') [[Nheçu]] (written Ñezú in Spanish), who opposed the missions. |
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On 15 November 1628, while preparing to oversee the installation of a new bell for the church at the Mission of Todos los Santos de Caaró, González was struck down and killed with a tomahawk |
On 15 November 1628, while preparing to oversee the installation of a new bell for the church at the Mission of Todos los Santos de Caaró, González was struck down and killed with a tomahawk, along with his fellow Jesuit, [[:es:Juan del Castillo (santo)|Juan del Castillo]], upon the orders of Nheçu.<ref name=":0" /> After their deaths, their bodies were dragged into the church, which was set ablaze. Two days later, their colleague [[:es:Alfonso Rodríguez Olmedo|Alonso Rodríguez y Olmedo]] was also murdered by followers of Nheçu. |
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, along with his fellow Jesuit, [[:es:Juan del Castillo (santo)|Juan del Castillo]], S.J., upon the orders of the local chieftain [[Nheçu]] who opposed the missions.<ref name=":0" /> After their deaths, their bodies were dragged into the church, which was set ablaze. Two days later, their colleague, [[:es:Alfonso Rodríguez Olmedo|Alonso Rodríguez y Olmedo]], S.J., was also murdered by followers of Ñezú. |
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== Veneration == |
== Veneration == |
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González has been named the [[patron saint]] of the cities of Posadas, Argentina, and [[Encarnación, Paraguay]]. [[Catholic liturgy|Liturgically]] he is commemorated on 16 November, along with the other "Martyrs of the [[Rio de la Plata]]". |
González has been named the [[patron saint]] of the cities of Posadas, Argentina, and [[Encarnación, Paraguay]]. [[Catholic liturgy|Liturgically]] he is commemorated on 16 November, along with the other "Martyrs of the [[Rio de la Plata]]". |
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González' heart and the weapon which killed him are in the Chapel of the Martyrs in his native city of Asunción. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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*Clement J. McNaspy, S.J.: ''Conquistador without Sword. The Life of Roque González, S.J.'', Chicago, Loyola University Press, 1984, 206pp. |
*Clement J. McNaspy, S.J.: ''Conquistador without Sword. The Life of Roque González, S.J.'', Chicago, Loyola University Press, 1984, 206pp. |
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* [http://www.protexto.com.br/texto.php?cod_texto=146&PHPSESSID=0a178f8c1e00768b6e35bf83cf509dc8 'Os Olhos do Pe. Roque' or 'Father Roque's Eyes'] {{in lang|pt}} |
* [http://www.protexto.com.br/texto.php?cod_texto=146&PHPSESSID=0a178f8c1e00768b6e35bf83cf509dc8 'Os Olhos do Pe. Roque' or 'Father Roque's Eyes'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823005811/http://www.protexto.com.br/texto.php?cod_texto=146&PHPSESSID=0a178f8c1e00768b6e35bf83cf509dc8 |date=2018-08-23 }} {{in lang|pt}} |
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{{Jesuits|state=collapsed}} |
{{Jesuits|state=collapsed}} |
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[[Category:People from Asunción]] |
[[Category:People from Asunción]] |
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[[Category:Viceroyalty of Peru people]] |
[[Category:Viceroyalty of Peru people]] |
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[[Category:16th-century |
[[Category:16th-century Spanish Jesuits]] |
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[[Category:17th-century Jesuits]] |
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[[Category:Spanish Jesuits]] |
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[[Category:Paraguayan Jesuits]] |
[[Category:Paraguayan Jesuits]] |
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[[Category:Jesuit martyrs]] |
[[Category:Jesuit martyrs]] |
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[[Category:17th-century Christian saints]] |
[[Category:17th-century Christian saints]] |
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[[Category:Canonizations by Pope John Paul II]] |
[[Category:Canonizations by Pope John Paul II]] |
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[[Category:Christian religious workers in Paraguay]] |
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[[Category:Martyred Roman Catholic priests]] |
Latest revision as of 09:20, 21 March 2024
Saint Roque González de Santa Cruz | |
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Martyr | |
Born | Asunción, Governorate of the Río de la Plata, Viceroyalty of Peru, Spanish Empire | 17 November 1576
Died | 15 November 1628 Mission of Todos los Santos de Caaró, Captaincy of Rio Grande do Sul, State of Brazil, Portuguese Empire | (aged 51)
Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church |
Beatified | 28 January , 1934 by Pope Pius XI |
Canonized | 16 May, 1988 by Pope John Paul II |
Feast | 16 November |
Roque González de Santa Cruz, SJ (17 November 1576 – 15 November 1628) was a Jesuit priest who was the first missionary among the Guarani people in Paraguay. He is honored as a martyr and saint by the Catholic Church.
Life
[edit]González was born in the city of Asunción, now part of Paraguay, on 17 November 1576.[1] He was the son of the Spanish colonists Bartolomé González y de Villaverde and María de Santa Cruz, who were both from noble families. Due to the large native population in the region, he spoke Guaraní fluently from an early age, as well as his native Spanish.
In 1598, at the age of 23, González was ordained a priest by Fernando Trexo y Senabria, the Bishop of Córdoba, to serve that diocese. In 1609 he became a member of the Society of Jesus, beginning his work as a missionary in what is now Brazil. He became the first European person to enter the region known today as the State of Rio Grande do Sul, extending the system of Jesuit reductions begun in Paraguay to that region.
González' arrival in the area happened only after his developing delicate relationships of trust with local indigenous leaders, some of whom feared that the priests were preparing the way for the arrival of masses of Spanish colonists in their land.
In 1613 González led the founding of the Reduction of San Ignacio Miní. In 1615 he founded Itapúa, which is now the City of Posadas in the Argentine Province of Misiones. Then he had to move the reduction to the other side of the river, now the site of the City of Encarnación. He also founded the reductions of Concepción de la Sierra Candelaria (1619), Candelaria (1627), San Javier, Yapeyú (now in the Province of Corrientes), San Nicolás, Asunción del Ijuí, and Caaró (now in Brazil).[2] In the region of Iyuí, he had difficulties with the local chieftain and sorcerer (cacique) Nheçu (written Ñezú in Spanish), who opposed the missions.
On 15 November 1628, while preparing to oversee the installation of a new bell for the church at the Mission of Todos los Santos de Caaró, González was struck down and killed with a tomahawk, along with his fellow Jesuit, Juan del Castillo, upon the orders of Nheçu.[1] After their deaths, their bodies were dragged into the church, which was set ablaze. Two days later, their colleague Alonso Rodríguez y Olmedo was also murdered by followers of Nheçu.
Veneration
[edit]González was beatified by Pope Pius XI on 28 January 1934. He and his companions were later canonized by Pope John Paul II in Asunción, thus becoming the first native of Paraguay to be declared a saint by the Catholic Church.
González has been named the patron saint of the cities of Posadas, Argentina, and Encarnación, Paraguay. Liturgically he is commemorated on 16 November, along with the other "Martyrs of the Rio de la Plata".
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Editora Protexto". www.protexto.com.br. Archived from the original on 2018-08-23. Retrieved 2018-08-22.
- ^ "St. Roque González, SJ (1576-1628)". Ignatian Spirituality. Retrieved 2018-08-22.
Bibliography
[edit]- Ghezzi, Bert. "St. Roque González, SJ (1576-1628)", Voices of the Saints, ISBN 978-0-8294-2806-3
- Clement J. McNaspy, S.J.: Conquistador without Sword. The Life of Roque González, S.J., Chicago, Loyola University Press, 1984, 206pp.
- 'Os Olhos do Pe. Roque' or 'Father Roque's Eyes' Archived 2018-08-23 at the Wayback Machine (in Portuguese)
- Jesuit saints
- 1576 births
- 1628 deaths
- People from Asunción
- Viceroyalty of Peru people
- 16th-century Spanish Jesuits
- Paraguayan Jesuits
- Jesuit martyrs
- Spanish Roman Catholic missionaries
- Brazilian Roman Catholic saints
- Spanish Roman Catholic saints
- Paraguayan Roman Catholic saints
- 17th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
- Beatifications by Pope Pius XI
- 16th-century Christian saints
- 17th-century Christian saints
- Canonizations by Pope John Paul II
- Christian religious workers in Paraguay
- Martyred Roman Catholic priests