Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico: Difference between revisions
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Helmardine (talk | contribs) m →Organization: "Fees" makes no sense whatsoever as the name of a university faculty. In the Spanish original of this article, "Leyes, Cánones" probably means "Canon Law" |
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{{Short description|Historic university in Mexico City (1551–1865)}} |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox university |
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|name = Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico |
|name = Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico |
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|native_name = Real y Pontificia Universidad de México |
|native_name = Real y Pontificia Universidad de México |
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|image_name = Escudo de la Real y Pontificia Universidad de México.svg |
|image_name = Escudo de la Real y Pontificia Universidad de México.svg |
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|image_upright = 0.6 |
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|caption = Coat of arms of the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico |
|caption = Coat of arms of the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico |
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|latin_name = |
|latin_name = |
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|motto = |
|motto = {{lang|la|Patriae scientiae que amor salus populi est}} |
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|mottoeng = |
|mottoeng = Love of the homeland and of knowledge is the health of the people |
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|established = 21 September 1551 |
|established = 21 September 1551 |
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|closed = 1865 |
|closed = 1865 |
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[[File:Placa conmemorativa fundación Real y Pontificia Universidad de México.jpg|thumb|upright|16th century shield present-day on [[Palacio de la Autonomía]]]] |
[[File:Placa conmemorativa fundación Real y Pontificia Universidad de México.jpg|thumb|upright|16th century shield present-day on [[Palacio de la Autonomía]]]] |
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The '''Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico''' ( |
The '''Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico''' ({{lang-es|Real y Pontificia Universidad de México}}) was a university founded on 21 September 1551 by Royal Decree signed by [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles I of Spain]], in [[Valladolid]], [[Spain]].<ref name="universal">{{cite web | last = Olvera Arce | first = Guillermo | title = Real y Pontificia Universidad de México | url = http://www2.eluniversal.com.mx/pls/impreso/noticia.html?id_nota=5813&tabla=nuestromundo | publisher = [[El Universal (Mexico City)]] | date = 2000-05-20 | language = Spanish | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080927153248/http://www2.eluniversal.com.mx/pls/impreso/noticia.html?id_nota=5813&tabla=nuestromundo | archivedate = 2008-09-27 }}</ref> It is generally considered the first university founded in [[North America]] and second in the [[Americas]] (preceded by the [[National University of San Marcos]] in [[Lima]], [[Peru]], chartered on May 12 of the same year). |
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The [[University of Santo Domingo]] was not founded by Royal Decree.<ref name = "uasd">{{citeweb | author = [[Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo]] | title = Historia de la universidad| url = http://www.uasd.edu.do/website/detalles/informacion_general.html | language = Spanish | quote = La Universidad de Santo Domingo fue creada mediante la Bula In Apostolatus Culmine, expedida el 28 de octubre de 1538, por el Papa Paulo III, la cual elevó a esa categoría el Estudio General que los dominicos regenteaban desde el 1518, en Santo Domingo, sede virreinal de la colonización y el más viejo establecimiento colonial del Nuevo Mundo. |}}</ref> |
The [[University of Santo Domingo]] was not founded by Royal Decree.<ref name = "uasd">{{citeweb | author = [[Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo]] | title = Historia de la universidad| url = http://www.uasd.edu.do/website/detalles/informacion_general.html | language = Spanish | quote = La Universidad de Santo Domingo fue creada mediante la Bula In Apostolatus Culmine, expedida el 28 de octubre de 1538, por el Papa Paulo III, la cual elevó a esa categoría el Estudio General que los dominicos regenteaban desde el 1518, en Santo Domingo, sede virreinal de la colonización y el más viejo establecimiento colonial del Nuevo Mundo. |}}</ref> |
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After the [[Mexican War of Independence]] it was renamed '''University of Mexico'''. When Mexican liberals were in power at intervals in the nineteenth century, it was closed, since liberals sought to put education in the hands of the state rather than the Roman Catholic Church. Its first closure was in 1833, when [[Valentín Gómez Farías]] implemented liberal policies. When [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]] returned to power, the university was reopened. It was finally abolished in 1865 during the [[French intervention in Mexico|Second Mexican Empire]] by [[Maximilian I of Mexico]].<ref name=CatholicEncy>{{citation |title= Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 10 |author= Catholic Encyclopedia |publisher= Appleton |year= 1911 |isbn= 9780595392414 |pages= 260 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=klc_AQAAMAAJ&q=maximilian+%2230+november+1865%22 |
After the [[Mexican War of Independence]] it was renamed the '''University of Mexico'''. When [[Liberalism in Mexico|Mexican liberals]] were in power at intervals in the nineteenth century, it was closed, since liberals sought to put education in the hands of the state rather than the [[History of the Catholic Church in Mexico|Roman Catholic Church]]. Its first closure was in 1833, when [[Valentín Gómez Farías]] implemented liberal policies. When [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]] returned to power, the university was reopened. It was finally abolished in 1865 during the [[Second French intervention in Mexico|Second Mexican Empire]] by [[Maximilian I of Mexico]].<ref name=CatholicEncy>{{citation |title= Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 10 |author= Catholic Encyclopedia |publisher= Appleton |year= 1911 |isbn= 9780595392414 |pages= 260 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=klc_AQAAMAAJ&q=maximilian+%2230+november+1865%22 }}</ref><ref name=Hale>{{citation |title= The Transformation of Liberalism in Late Nineteenth-Century Mexico |author= Charles A. Hale |publisher= Princeton University Press|year= 2014 |pages= 193 |isbn=9781400863228 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ajwABAAAQBAJ&dq=maximilian+%2230+november+1865%22&pg=PA139 }}</ref> Scattered institutions, including [[secularized]] successors of its faculties of law and medicine, other secular colleges founded by liberals on the model of the French {{lang|fr|[[grandes ecoles]]}}, and religious establishments outside [[Mexico City]], continued without interruption. |
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During the regime of [[Porfirio Díaz]], [[Justo Sierra]] merged and expanded Mexico City's decentralized colleges of higher education, founding the [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]] (UNAM). UNAM is a public university founded in 1910 and claims to be the institutional heir of the earlier original University of Mexico, but under state rather than church control. Today, the [[Universidad Pontificia de México|Pontifical University of Mexico]] is the only pontifical university which exists in Mexico, established by the Holy See.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bunson |first=Matthew |title=Our Sunday Visitor's Catholic Almanac |date=2010 |publisher=Our Sunday Visitor, Inc. |year=2010 |isbn=9781592766147 |pages=546-550}}</ref> |
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==Organization== |
==Organization== |
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The university was organized by five faculties: Theology, |
The university was organized by five faculties: Theology, Canon Law, Medicine, and Arts. The principal subjects or chairs (in Spanish, ''cátedras'') were ''Prima'' and ''Vísperas'', due to the initial class being in the morning and the second in the evening. The university granted different degrees such as ''bachiller'', ''licenciado'', ''maestro'' and ''doctor'', which translate to bachelor, graduate, master and doctor respectively. |
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==Notable alumni== |
==Notable alumni== |
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*[[Alonso Gutiérrez]] (1507–1584), [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] philosopher, historian, and intellectual figure. |
*[[Alonso Gutiérrez]] (1507–1584), [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] philosopher, historian, and intellectual figure. |
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*Don [[Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora]] (1645–1700), cartographer, historian and philosopher of the late 17th century. |
*Don [[Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora]] (1645–1700), cartographer, historian and philosopher of the late 17th century. |
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{{reflist}} |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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* [[UNAM]] |
* [[UNAM]] |
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* [[Pontifical University of Mexico]] |
* [[Pontifical University of Mexico]] |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{coord missing|Mexico City}} |
{{coord missing|Mexico City}} |
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{{National Autonomous University of Mexico}} |
{{National Autonomous University of Mexico}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Educational institutions established in the 1550s]] |
[[Category:Educational institutions established in the 1550s]] |
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[[Category:1551 establishments in the Spanish Empire]] |
[[Category:1551 establishments in the Spanish Empire]] |
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[[Category:National Autonomous University of Mexico]] |
[[Category:National Autonomous University of Mexico]] |
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[[Category:Christianity in Mexico City]] |
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{{Mexico-university-stub}} |
{{Mexico-university-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 17:51, 2 June 2024
Real y Pontificia Universidad de México | |
 Coat of arms of the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico | |
| Motto | Patriae scientiae que amor salus populi est |
|---|---|
Motto in English | Love of the homeland and of knowledge is the health of the people |
| Active | 21 September 1551–1865 |
| Affiliation | Roman Catholic |
| Location | , |
| Campus | Urban |
The Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico (Spanish: Real y Pontificia Universidad de México) was a university founded on 21 September 1551 by Royal Decree signed by Charles I of Spain, in Valladolid, Spain.[1] It is generally considered the first university founded in North America and second in the Americas (preceded by the National University of San Marcos in Lima, Peru, chartered on May 12 of the same year).
After the Mexican War of Independence it was renamed the University of Mexico. When Mexican liberals were in power at intervals in the nineteenth century, it was closed, since liberals sought to put education in the hands of the state rather than the Roman Catholic Church. Its first closure was in 1833, when Valentín Gómez Farías implemented liberal policies. When Antonio López de Santa Anna returned to power, the university was reopened. It was finally abolished in 1865 during the Second Mexican Empire by Maximilian I of Mexico.[2][3] Scattered institutions, including secularized successors of its faculties of law and medicine, other secular colleges founded by liberals on the model of the French grandes ecoles, and religious establishments outside Mexico City, continued without interruption.
During the regime of Porfirio Díaz, Justo Sierra merged and expanded Mexico City's decentralized colleges of higher education, founding the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). UNAM is a public university founded in 1910 and claims to be the institutional heir of the earlier original University of Mexico, but under state rather than church control. Today, the Pontifical University of Mexico is the only pontifical university which exists in Mexico, established by the Holy See.[4]
Organization
[edit]The university was organized by five faculties: Theology, Canon Law, Medicine, and Arts. The principal subjects or chairs (in Spanish, cátedras) were Prima and Vísperas, due to the initial class being in the morning and the second in the evening. The university granted different degrees such as bachiller, licenciado, maestro and doctor, which translate to bachelor, graduate, master and doctor respectively.
Notable alumni
[edit]- Bartolomé de Alva, Roman Catholic secular clergyman and Nahuatl translator.
- Joseph A. Lopez (1779–1841), priest and president of Georgetown University
- Agustín Dávila Padilla (1562–1604), chronicler of the Dominican Order and its missions in America up to the end of the 16th century.
Notable faculty
[edit]- Juan José Eguiara y Eguren (? - 1763), Roman Catholic bishop and scholar who served as its rector.
- Francisco Cervantes de Salazar (1514? – 1575), a distinguished writer who served twice as rector during its early years.
- Alonso Gutiérrez (1507–1584), Augustinian philosopher, historian, and intellectual figure.
- Don Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora (1645–1700), cartographer, historian and philosopher of the late 17th century.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Olvera Arce, Guillermo (2000-05-20). "Real y Pontificia Universidad de México" (in Spanish). El Universal (Mexico City). Archived from the original on 2008-09-27.
- ^ Catholic Encyclopedia (1911), Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 10, Appleton, p. 260, ISBN 9780595392414
- ^ Charles A. Hale (2014), The Transformation of Liberalism in Late Nineteenth-Century Mexico, Princeton University Press, p. 193, ISBN 9781400863228
- ^ Bunson, Matthew (2010). Our Sunday Visitor's Catholic Almanac. Our Sunday Visitor, Inc. pp. 546–550. ISBN 9781592766147.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
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