Radium jaw: Difference between revisions
Importing Wikidata short description: "Former occupational disease caused by radium resulting in deformation of the jawbones" (Shortdesc helper) |
Image is completely inappropriate for the article and does not at all show the effects of radium necrosis (a phenomenon which likely didn't even exist in 1906 when the image was taken) but instead shows radiation TREATMENT of a case of epithelioma |
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{{Short description|Former occupational disease caused by radium resulting in deformation of the jawbones}} |
{{Short description|Former occupational disease caused by radium, resulting in deformation of the jawbones}} |
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| ⚫ | '''Radium jaw''' or '''radium necrosis''' is a historic [[occupational disease]] brought on by the ingestion and subsequent absorption of [[radium]] into the bones of [[radium dial painters]].<ref>{{citation |title=A Glow in the Dark, and a Lesson in Scientific Peril |last= Grady |first= Denise |date= October 6, 1998 |work= New York Times |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/06/science/a-glow-in-the-dark-and-a-lesson-in-scientific-peril.html |access-date= 2019-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title= How We Realized Putting Radium in Everything Was Not the Answer |last= Orci |first= Taylor |date= March 7, 2013 |work= The Atlantic |url= https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/03/how-we-realized-putting-radium-in-everything-was-not-the-answer/273780/ |access-date= 2019-06-13}}</ref> It also affected those consuming radium-laden [[patent medicines]] |
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| ⚫ | '''Radium jaw''', or '''radium necrosis''', is a historic [[occupational disease]] brought on by the ingestion and subsequent absorption of [[radium]] into the bones of [[radium dial painters]].<ref>{{citation |title=A Glow in the Dark, and a Lesson in Scientific Peril |last= Grady |first= Denise |date= October 6, 1998 |work= New York Times |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/06/science/a-glow-in-the-dark-and-a-lesson-in-scientific-peril.html |access-date= 2019-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title= How We Realized Putting Radium in Everything Was Not the Answer |last= Orci |first= Taylor |date= March 7, 2013 |work= The Atlantic |url= https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/03/how-we-realized-putting-radium-in-everything-was-not-the-answer/273780/ |access-date= 2019-06-13}}</ref> It also affected those consuming radium-laden [[patent medicines]]. |
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The condition is similar to [[phossy jaw]], an [[osteoporosis|osteoporotic]] and [[osteonecrosis|osteonecrotic]] illness of [[London matchgirls strike of 1888|matchgirls]], brought on by [[phosphorus]] ingestion and absorption. The first written reference to the disease was by a dentist, Dr. Theodor Blum, in 1924, who described an unusual [[mandibular]] [[osteomyelitis]] in a dial painter, naming it "radium jaw".<ref name="Blum1924">{{cite journal|last1=Blum|first1=Theodor|title=Osteomyelitis of the Mandible and Maxilla|journal=The Journal of the American Dental Association |volume=11|issue=9|year=1924|pages=802–805 |issn=10486364 |doi=10.14219/jada.archive.1924.0111}}</ref> |
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The condition is similar to [[phossy jaw]], an [[osteoporosis|osteoporotic]] and [[osteonecrosis|osteonecrotic]] illness of [[London matchgirls strike of 1888|matchgirls]], brought on by [[phosphorus]] ingestion and absorption. |
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The disease was determined by [[pathologist]] Dr. [[Harrison Stanford Martland|H.S. Martland]] in 1924 to be symptomatic of radium paint ingestion, after many female workers from various radium paint companies reported similar dental and mandibular pain. Symptoms were present in the mouth due to use of the lips and tongue to keep the radium-paint paintbrushes properly shaped. The disease was the main reason for litigation against the [[United States Radium Corporation]] by the [[Radium Girls]]. |
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== Symptoms == |
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The symptoms are [[osteonecrosis of the jaw|necrosis]] of the [[mandible]] (lower jawbone) and the [[maxilla]] (upper jaw), constant bleeding of the gums, and (usually) after some time, severe distortion due to bone tumors and [[porosity]] of the lower jaw. Symptoms also include soreness throughout the body, significant decrease in body weight and loss of teeth. |
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== Treatment == |
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Once the symptoms of radium jaw take effect, there is nothing that can be done to reduce the chance of death from radiation poisoning. [[Radium]] can cause fatal injuries due to radium and calcium sharing similar chemistry, causing the body to mistake the radioactive metal for calcium and incorporate it into bone tissue. This is significant, because while calcium strengthens bone structures, radium degrades the quality of said bone structure. [[Alpha particle|Alpha particles]] emitted by the radium lead to bone [[necrosis]] and [[Bone tumor|bone cancer]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Radium Girls, Radium Jaw And Death By Unnatural Causes {{!}} BEYONDbones |url=https://blog.hmns.org/2018/03/the-radium-girls-radium-jaw-and-death-by-unnatural-causes/#:~:text=Radium%20jaw%20is%20basically%20damage,her%20entire%20lower%20jaw%20removed. |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=blog.hmns.org}}</ref> |
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== History == |
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At the start of the 20th century, many believed that radium had beneficial health properties and it was often added to consumer products such as toothpaste, hair creams, and even food. Used until the early 1970s, radium was found in some consumer paints, dials on clocks and some industrial applications. Radium was also used in some medical practices during the 20th century.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Health effects of Radium radiation exposure {{!}} Mass.gov |url=https://www.mass.gov/service-details/health-effects-of-radium-radiation-exposure |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=www.mass.gov |language=en}}</ref> |
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[[File:Radithor bottle (25799475341).jpg|thumb|A bottle of Radithor at the [[National Museum of Nuclear Science & History]] in New Mexico, United States]] |
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The disease was determined by [[pathologist]] Dr. [[Harrison Stanford Martland|H.S. Martland]] in 1924 to be symptomatic of radium paint ingestion, after many female workers from various radium paint companies reported similar dental and mandibular pain. The first written reference to the disease was by a dentist, Dr. Theodor Blum, in 1924, who described an unusual [[mandibular]] [[osteomyelitis]] in a dial painter, naming it "radium jaw".<ref name="Blum1924">{{cite journal |last1=Blum |first1=Theodor |year=1924 |title=Osteomyelitis of the Mandible and Maxilla |journal=The Journal of the American Dental Association |volume=11 |issue=9 |pages=802–805 |doi=10.14219/jada.archive.1924.0111 |issn=1048-6364}}</ref> Symptoms were present in the mouth due to use of the lips and tongue to keep the radium-paint paintbrushes properly shaped. The disease was the main reason for litigation against the [[United States Radium Corporation]] by the [[Radium Girls]], female factory workers who contracted [[radiation poisoning]] from painting watch dials with [[Radioluminescence|self-luminous]] paint in the early 20th century.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Radium Girls: The Women Who Fought for Their Lives in a Killer Workplace {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/story/radium-girls-the-women-who-fought-for-their-lives-in-a-killer-workplace |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | A prominent example of this condition was the death of American golfer and industrialist [[Eben Byers]] in 1932, after taking large doses of [[Radithor]], a radioactive patent medicine containing radium, over several years. His illness garnered much publicity, and brought the problem of [[radioactive quackery|radioactive quack medicines]] into the public eye. ''The Wall Street Journal'' ran a story (in 1989 or after) titled "The Radium Water Worked Fine until His Jaw Came Off".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170223095843/http://case.edu/affil/MeMA/MCA/11-20/1991-Nov.pdf The Radium Water Worked Fine until His Jaw Came Off] Medical Collectors Association, Newsletter No. 20, page 18</ref> |
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Stories such as the Radium Girls and Eben Byers death went public and due to public pressure/outrage, the [[Food and Drug Administration]] banned most radiation-based [[Patent medicine|patent medicines in]] 1932.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1 August 1990 |title=The Radium Water Worked Fine Until His Jaw Came Off |journal=A Wall Street Journal Article}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Radium Dial Company]] |
*[[Radium Dial Company]] |
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*[[Radium dials]] |
*[[Radium dials]] |
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*[[Phossy jaw]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/documents/fullText/ACC0029.pdf Radium in Humans: A Review of U.S. Studies] |
*[http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/documents/fullText/ACC0029.pdf Radium in Humans: A Review of U.S. Studies] |
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{{Occupational safety and health}} |
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[[Category:Occupational diseases]] |
[[Category:Occupational diseases]] |
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Latest revision as of 21:32, 27 June 2024
Radium jaw, or radium necrosis, is a historic occupational disease brought on by the ingestion and subsequent absorption of radium into the bones of radium dial painters.[1][2] It also affected those consuming radium-laden patent medicines.
The condition is similar to phossy jaw, an osteoporotic and osteonecrotic illness of matchgirls, brought on by phosphorus ingestion and absorption.
Symptoms
[edit]The symptoms are necrosis of the mandible (lower jawbone) and the maxilla (upper jaw), constant bleeding of the gums, and (usually) after some time, severe distortion due to bone tumors and porosity of the lower jaw. Symptoms also include soreness throughout the body, significant decrease in body weight and loss of teeth.
Treatment
[edit]Once the symptoms of radium jaw take effect, there is nothing that can be done to reduce the chance of death from radiation poisoning. Radium can cause fatal injuries due to radium and calcium sharing similar chemistry, causing the body to mistake the radioactive metal for calcium and incorporate it into bone tissue. This is significant, because while calcium strengthens bone structures, radium degrades the quality of said bone structure. Alpha particles emitted by the radium lead to bone necrosis and bone cancer.[3]
History
[edit]At the start of the 20th century, many believed that radium had beneficial health properties and it was often added to consumer products such as toothpaste, hair creams, and even food. Used until the early 1970s, radium was found in some consumer paints, dials on clocks and some industrial applications. Radium was also used in some medical practices during the 20th century.[4]
The disease was determined by pathologist Dr. H.S. Martland in 1924 to be symptomatic of radium paint ingestion, after many female workers from various radium paint companies reported similar dental and mandibular pain. The first written reference to the disease was by a dentist, Dr. Theodor Blum, in 1924, who described an unusual mandibular osteomyelitis in a dial painter, naming it "radium jaw".[5] Symptoms were present in the mouth due to use of the lips and tongue to keep the radium-paint paintbrushes properly shaped. The disease was the main reason for litigation against the United States Radium Corporation by the Radium Girls, female factory workers who contracted radiation poisoning from painting watch dials with self-luminous paint in the early 20th century.[6]
A prominent example of this condition was the death of American golfer and industrialist Eben Byers in 1932, after taking large doses of Radithor, a radioactive patent medicine containing radium, over several years. His illness garnered much publicity, and brought the problem of radioactive quack medicines into the public eye. The Wall Street Journal ran a story (in 1989 or after) titled "The Radium Water Worked Fine until His Jaw Came Off".[7]
Stories such as the Radium Girls and Eben Byers death went public and due to public pressure/outrage, the Food and Drug Administration banned most radiation-based patent medicines in 1932.[8]
See also
[edit]- Acute radiation syndrome (not involved in radium jaw)
- Radium Dial Company
- Radium dials
- Phossy jaw
References
[edit]- ^ Grady, Denise (October 6, 1998), "A Glow in the Dark, and a Lesson in Scientific Peril", New York Times, retrieved 2019-06-13
- ^ Orci, Taylor (March 7, 2013), "How We Realized Putting Radium in Everything Was Not the Answer", The Atlantic, retrieved 2019-06-13
- ^ "The Radium Girls, Radium Jaw And Death By Unnatural Causes | BEYONDbones". blog.hmns.org. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
- ^ "Health effects of Radium radiation exposure | Mass.gov". www.mass.gov. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
- ^ Blum, Theodor (1924). "Osteomyelitis of the Mandible and Maxilla". The Journal of the American Dental Association. 11 (9): 802–805. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1924.0111. ISSN 1048-6364.
- ^ "Radium Girls: The Women Who Fought for Their Lives in a Killer Workplace | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
- ^ The Radium Water Worked Fine until His Jaw Came Off Medical Collectors Association, Newsletter No. 20, page 18
- ^ "The Radium Water Worked Fine Until His Jaw Came Off". A Wall Street Journal Article. 1 August 1990.
