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{{Infobox anatomy
{{merge to|Kidney|discuss=Talk:Kidney#Proposed merge with Renal circulation|date=May 2015}}
| Name = Renal circulation
[[File:Gray531.png|300px|thumb|right|The circulation to and from the kidneys.]]
| Latin =
[[File:KidneyStructures PioM.svg|300px|thumb|right|{{columns-list|2|{{unbulleted list
| Image = KidneyStructures PioM.svg
|1. [[Renal pyramid]]|2. [[Interlobular artery]]|3. [[Renal artery]]|4. [[Renal vein]]|5. [[Hilum of kidney|Renal hilum]]
| Caption =
|6. [[Renal pelvis]]|7. [[Ureter]]|8. [[Minor calyx]]|9. [[Renal capsule]]|10. [[Inferior renal capsule]]
{{center|
|11. [[Superior renal capsule]]|12. [[interlobular vein]]|13. [[cortical nephron]] (in cortex)
1. [[Renal pyramid]] •
|14. [[Minor calyx]]|15. [[Major calyx]]|16. [[Renal papilla]]|17. [[Renal column]]}}}}]]
2. [[Interlobular artery]] •
3. [[Renal artery]] •
4. [[Renal vein]]
5. [[Renal hilum]] •
6. [[Renal pelvis]] •
7. [[Ureter]] •
8. [[Minor calyx]] •
9. [[Renal capsule]] •
10. [[Inferior renal capsule]] •
11. [[Superior renal capsule]] •
12. [[Interlobular vein]] •
13. [[Nephron]] •
14. [[Renal sinus]] •
15. [[Major calyx]] •
16. [[Renal papilla]] •
17. [[Renal column]]
}}
| Width =
| Image2 =
| Caption2 =
| Precursor =
| System =
| Location = [[Kidney]]
| Artery =
| Vein =
| Nerve =
| Lymph =
| Function = Supply and drain blood to the [[kidney]]s
}}
The '''renal circulation''' supplies the blood to the kidneys via the [[renal artery|renal arteries]], left and right, which branch directly from the [[abdominal aorta]]. Despite their relatively small size, the kidneys receive approximately 20% of the [[cardiac output]].<ref name="boron">{{cite book |author=Walter F. Boron |title=Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach |publisher=Elsevier/Saunders |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-4160-2328-9 }}</ref>


Each renal artery branches into segmental arteries, dividing further into [[interlobar arteries]], which penetrate the renal capsule and extend through the renal columns between the renal pyramids. The interlobar arteries then supply blood to the [[arcuate arteries]] that run through the boundary of the cortex and the medulla. Each arcuate artery supplies several [[interlobular]] arteries that feed into the [[afferent arteriole]]s that supply the [[glomerulus (kidney)|glomeruli]].
The '''renal circulation''' receives around 20% of the [[cardiac output]]. It branches from the [[abdominal aorta]] and returns blood to the ascending [[vena cava]]. It is the blood supply to the [[kidney]], and contains many specialized blood vessels.


After filtration occurs, the blood moves through a small network of venules that converge into [[interlobular veins]]. As with the arteriole distribution, the veins follow the same pattern: the interlobular provide blood to the [[arcuate veins]] then back to the [[interlobar veins]], which come to form the [[renal vein]] exiting the kidney for transfusion for blood.
==Circulation==
The table below shows the path that blood takes when it travels through the glomerulus, traveling "down" the arteries, and "up" the veins. However, this model is greatly simplified for clarity and symmetry. Some of the other paths and complications are described at the bottom of the table.


==Structure==
INTERLOBAR ARTERY & VEIN (not to be confused with interlobular) are between 2 renal lobes, also known as the renal column (cortex region between two pyramids).
===Arterial system===
The table below shows the path that blood takes when it travels through the glomerulus, traveling "down" the arteries and "up" the veins. However, this model is greatly simplified for clarity and symmetry. Some of the other paths and complications are described at the bottom of the table. The interlobar artery and vein (not to be confused with interlobular) are between two renal lobes, also known as the renal column (cortex region between two pyramids).


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 21: Line 52:
| [[Renal artery]] (Note 1)||[[Renal vein]]
| [[Renal artery]] (Note 1)||[[Renal vein]]
|-
|-
| [[Segmental arteries]] (Note 2)|| -
| [[Segmental arteries]]|| –
|-
|-
| [[Lobar arteries]]|| -
| [[Lobar artery]]|| –
|-
|-
| [[Interlobar artery]]||[[Interlobar vein]]
| [[Interlobar artery]]||[[Interlobar vein]]
|-| [[Interlobular artery]] (Note 2)||[[Interlobular vein]]
|-
|-
| [[Afferent arterioles]]||[[Efferent arterioles]] (Note 3)
| [[Arcuate arteries of the kidney|Arcuate arteries]]||[[Arcuate vein]]
|-
|-
| [[Glomerulus (kidney)|Glomerulus]]||[[Glomerulus (kidney)|Glomerulus]]
| [[Interlobular artery]] (Note 3)||[[Interlobular vein]]
|-
| [[Afferent arterioles]]||[[Efferent arterioles]] (Note 4)
|-
| [[Glomerulus]]||[[Glomerulus]]
|}
|}


* Note 1: The [[renal artery]] also provides a branch to the [[inferior suprarenal artery]] to supply the [[adrenal gland]].
* Note 1: The [[renal artery]] also provides a branch to the [[inferior suprarenal artery]] to supply the [[adrenal gland]].
* Note 2: Also called the cortical radiate arteries. The interlobular artery also supplies to the [[stellate veins]].
* Note 2: Each renal artery partitions into an anterior and posterior branch. The anterior branch further divides into the superior (apical), anterosuperior, anteroinferior and inferior segmental arteries. The posterior branch continues as the posterior segmental artery.
* Note 3: The efferent arterioles do not directly drain into the interlobular vein, but rather they go to the [[peritubular capillaries]] first. The efferent arterioles of the [[juxtamedullary nephron]] drain into the [[Straight arterioles of kidney|vasa recta]].
* Note 3: Also called the cortical radiate arteries. The interlobular artery also supplies to the [[stellate veins]].
* Note 4: The efferent arterioles don't directly drain into the interlobular vein, but rather they go to the [[peritubular capillaries]] first. The efferent arterioles of the [[juxtamedullary nephron]] drain into the [[vasa recta]].


====Segmental arteries====
==External links==
{{Infobox Artery |
* [http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/AP2504/AP2504.swf Training at wisc-online.com]
Name = Segmental arteries of kidney |
Latin = Arteriae renis |
Image = |
Caption = |
Image2 = |
Caption2 = |
BranchFrom = [[Renal artery]] |
BranchTo = [[Interlobar arteries]] |
Vein = |
Supplies = |
}}
The '''segmental arteries''' are branches of the renal arteries; there are five named segmental arteries:<ref>[http://www.portfolio.mvm.ed.ac.uk/studentwebs/session5/37/ALBL_kidney.htm The Kidney<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>{{DorlandsDict|nine/18247083|Segmental arteries of kidney}}</ref>
* superior
* inferior
* anterior
** anterior superior
** anterior inferior
* posterior


===Venous system===
{{kidney}}
The venous drainage of the kidney large mirrors its arterial supply, except that there are no segmental veins.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Martini |first=Frederic |title=Human Anatomy |last2=Tallitsch |first2=Robert B. |last3=Nath |first3=Judi L. |publisher=Pearson |year=2017 |isbn=9780134320762 |edition=9th |pages=689}}</ref> The [[stellate veins]] arise from the capillaries, then drain successively through [[interlobular veins]] and [[interlobar veins]] until these converge from across the kidney to form the [[renal vein]] for that kidney.


==See also==
[[Category:Abdomen]]
*[[Renal physiology]]
[[Category:Kidney]]

==References==
{{Gray's}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{LoyolaMedEd|Histo/HistoImages/hl7A-47.jpg}}


{{Urinary system anatomy}}
{{Portal bar|Anatomy}}


[[Category:Kidney anatomy]]
{{circulatory-stub}}
{{genitourinary-stub}}

Latest revision as of 18:55, 31 December 2023

Renal circulation

1. Renal pyramid • 2. Interlobular artery • 3. Renal artery • 4. Renal vein 5. Renal hilum • 6. Renal pelvis • 7. Ureter • 8. Minor calyx • 9. Renal capsule • 10. Inferior renal capsule • 11. Superior renal capsule • 12. Interlobular vein • 13. Nephron • 14. Renal sinus • 15. Major calyx • 16. Renal papilla • 17. Renal column

Details
LocationKidney
FunctionSupply and drain blood to the kidneys
Identifiers
MeSHD012079
Anatomical terminology

The renal circulation supplies the blood to the kidneys via the renal arteries, left and right, which branch directly from the abdominal aorta. Despite their relatively small size, the kidneys receive approximately 20% of the cardiac output.[1]

Each renal artery branches into segmental arteries, dividing further into interlobar arteries, which penetrate the renal capsule and extend through the renal columns between the renal pyramids. The interlobar arteries then supply blood to the arcuate arteries that run through the boundary of the cortex and the medulla. Each arcuate artery supplies several interlobular arteries that feed into the afferent arterioles that supply the glomeruli.

After filtration occurs, the blood moves through a small network of venules that converge into interlobular veins. As with the arteriole distribution, the veins follow the same pattern: the interlobular provide blood to the arcuate veins then back to the interlobar veins, which come to form the renal vein exiting the kidney for transfusion for blood.

Structure

[edit]

Arterial system

[edit]

The table below shows the path that blood takes when it travels through the glomerulus, traveling "down" the arteries and "up" the veins. However, this model is greatly simplified for clarity and symmetry. Some of the other paths and complications are described at the bottom of the table. The interlobar artery and vein (not to be confused with interlobular) are between two renal lobes, also known as the renal column (cortex region between two pyramids).

Arteries (down) Veins (up)
Abdominal aorta Vena cava
Renal artery (Note 1) Renal vein
Segmental arteries –
Lobar artery –
Interlobar artery Interlobar vein
Afferent arterioles Efferent arterioles (Note 3)
Glomerulus Glomerulus

Segmental arteries

[edit]
Segmental arteries of kidney
Details
SourceRenal artery
BranchesInterlobar arteries
Identifiers
LatinArteriae renis
MeSHD012079
Anatomical terminology

The segmental arteries are branches of the renal arteries; there are five named segmental arteries:[2][3]

  • superior
  • inferior
  • anterior
    • anterior superior
    • anterior inferior
  • posterior

Venous system

[edit]

The venous drainage of the kidney large mirrors its arterial supply, except that there are no segmental veins.[4] The stellate veins arise from the capillaries, then drain successively through interlobular veins and interlobar veins until these converge from across the kidney to form the renal vein for that kidney.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Public domain This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  1. ^ Walter F. Boron (2004). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach. Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1-4160-2328-9.
  2. ^ The Kidney
  3. ^ "Segmental arteries of kidney" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  4. ^ Martini, Frederic; Tallitsch, Robert B.; Nath, Judi L. (2017). Human Anatomy (9th ed.). Pearson. p. 689. ISBN 9780134320762.
[edit]
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