Renal circulation: Difference between revisions
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{{Merge|Segmental arteries of kidney|discuss=Talk:Renal circulation#Proposed merge with Segmental arteries of kidney|date=July 2019}} |
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{{Infobox anatomy |
{{Infobox anatomy |
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| Name = Renal circulation |
| Name = Renal circulation |
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| Image = KidneyStructures PioM.svg |
| Image = KidneyStructures PioM.svg |
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| Caption = |
| Caption = |
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{{center| |
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1. [[Renal pyramid]] • |
1. [[Renal pyramid]] • |
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2. [[Interlobular artery]] • |
2. [[Interlobular artery]] • |
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16. [[Renal papilla]] • |
16. [[Renal papilla]] • |
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17. [[Renal column]] |
17. [[Renal column]] |
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| Width = |
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| Function = Supply and drain blood to the [[kidney]]s |
| Function = Supply and drain blood to the [[kidney]]s |
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The '''renal circulation''' supplies the blood to the kidneys via the [[renal artery|renal arteries]], left and right, which branch directly from the [[abdominal aorta]]. Despite their relatively small size, the kidneys receive approximately 20% of the [[cardiac output]].<ref name="boron">{{cite book |author=Walter F. Boron |title=Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach |publisher=Elsevier/Saunders |
The '''renal circulation''' supplies the blood to the kidneys via the [[renal artery|renal arteries]], left and right, which branch directly from the [[abdominal aorta]]. Despite their relatively small size, the kidneys receive approximately 20% of the [[cardiac output]].<ref name="boron">{{cite book |author=Walter F. Boron |title=Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach |publisher=Elsevier/Saunders |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-4160-2328-9 }}</ref> |
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Each renal artery branches into segmental arteries, dividing further into [[interlobar arteries]], which penetrate the renal capsule and extend through the renal columns between the renal pyramids. The interlobar arteries then supply blood to the [[arcuate arteries]] that run through the boundary of the cortex and the medulla. Each arcuate artery supplies several [[interlobular]] arteries that feed into the [[afferent arteriole]]s that supply the [[glomerulus|glomeruli]]. |
Each renal artery branches into segmental arteries, dividing further into [[interlobar arteries]], which penetrate the renal capsule and extend through the renal columns between the renal pyramids. The interlobar arteries then supply blood to the [[arcuate arteries]] that run through the boundary of the cortex and the medulla. Each arcuate artery supplies several [[interlobular]] arteries that feed into the [[afferent arteriole]]s that supply the [[glomerulus (kidney)|glomeruli]]. |
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After filtration occurs, the blood moves through a small network of venules that converge into interlobular veins. As with the arteriole distribution, the veins follow the same pattern: the interlobular provide blood to the arcuate veins then back to the interlobar veins, which come to form the renal vein exiting the kidney for transfusion for blood. |
After filtration occurs, the blood moves through a small network of venules that converge into [[interlobular veins]]. As with the arteriole distribution, the veins follow the same pattern: the interlobular provide blood to the [[arcuate veins]] then back to the [[interlobar veins]], which come to form the [[renal vein]] exiting the kidney for transfusion for blood. |
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==Structure== |
==Structure== |
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===Arterial system=== |
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The table below shows the path that blood takes when it travels through the glomerulus, traveling "down" the arteries and "up" the veins. However, this model is greatly simplified for clarity and symmetry. Some of the other paths and complications are described at the bottom of the table. The interlobar artery and vein (not to be confused with interlobular) are between two renal lobes, also known as the renal column (cortex region between two pyramids). |
The table below shows the path that blood takes when it travels through the glomerulus, traveling "down" the arteries and "up" the veins. However, this model is greatly simplified for clarity and symmetry. Some of the other paths and complications are described at the bottom of the table. The interlobar artery and vein (not to be confused with interlobular) are between two renal lobes, also known as the renal column (cortex region between two pyramids). |
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;Renal arteries |
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{{main|Renal artery}} |
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;Segmental arteries |
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;Lobar arteries |
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;Afferent arterioles |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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| [[Renal artery]] (Note 1)||[[Renal vein]] |
| [[Renal artery]] (Note 1)||[[Renal vein]] |
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| [[Segmental arteries]] |
| [[Segmental arteries]]|| – |
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| [[Lobar |
| [[Lobar artery]]|| – |
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| [[Interlobar artery]]||[[Interlobar vein]] |
| [[Interlobar artery]]||[[Interlobar vein]] |
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|-| [[Interlobular artery]] (Note |
|-| [[Interlobular artery]] (Note 2)||[[Interlobular vein]] |
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| [[Afferent arterioles]]||[[Efferent arterioles]] (Note |
| [[Afferent arterioles]]||[[Efferent arterioles]] (Note 3) |
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| [[Glomerulus]]||[[Glomerulus]] |
| [[Glomerulus (kidney)|Glomerulus]]||[[Glomerulus (kidney)|Glomerulus]] |
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* Note 1: The [[renal artery]] also provides a branch to the [[inferior suprarenal artery]] to supply the [[adrenal gland]]. |
* Note 1: The [[renal artery]] also provides a branch to the [[inferior suprarenal artery]] to supply the [[adrenal gland]]. |
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* Note 2: Each renal artery partitions into an anterior and posterior branch. The anterior branch further divides into the superior (apical), anterosuperior, anteroinferior and inferior segmental arteries. The posterior branch continues as the posterior segmental artery. |
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====Segmental arteries==== |
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{{Infobox Artery | |
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;Renal veins |
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Name = Segmental arteries of kidney | |
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{{main|Renal vein}} |
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Latin = Arteriae renis | |
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;Interlobar veins |
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Image = | |
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;Interlobuar vein |
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BranchFrom = [[Renal artery]] | |
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Vein = | |
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Supplies = | |
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The '''segmental arteries''' are branches of the renal arteries; there are five named segmental arteries:<ref>[http://www.portfolio.mvm.ed.ac.uk/studentwebs/session5/37/ALBL_kidney.htm The Kidney<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>{{DorlandsDict|nine/18247083|Segmental arteries of kidney}}</ref> |
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* superior |
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* inferior |
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* anterior |
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** anterior superior |
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** anterior inferior |
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* posterior |
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===Venous system=== |
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The venous drainage of the kidney large mirrors its arterial supply, except that there are no segmental veins.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Martini |first=Frederic |title=Human Anatomy |last2=Tallitsch |first2=Robert B. |last3=Nath |first3=Judi L. |publisher=Pearson |year=2017 |isbn=9780134320762 |edition=9th |pages=689}}</ref> The [[stellate veins]] arise from the capillaries, then drain successively through [[interlobular veins]] and [[interlobar veins]] until these converge from across the kidney to form the [[renal vein]] for that kidney. |
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==See also== |
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==Clinical significance== |
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{{Empty section|date=November 2019}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Gray's}} |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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* {{LoyolaMedEd|Histo/HistoImages/hl7A-47.jpg}} |
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{{Urinary system anatomy}} |
{{Urinary system anatomy}} |
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{{Portal bar|Anatomy}} |
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[[Category:Kidney anatomy]] |
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{{uncategorized|date=October 2019}} |
Latest revision as of 18:55, 31 December 2023
Renal circulation | |
---|---|
Details | |
Location | Kidney |
Function | Supply and drain blood to the kidneys |
Identifiers | |
MeSH | D012079 |
Anatomical terminology |
The renal circulation supplies the blood to the kidneys via the renal arteries, left and right, which branch directly from the abdominal aorta. Despite their relatively small size, the kidneys receive approximately 20% of the cardiac output.[1]
Each renal artery branches into segmental arteries, dividing further into interlobar arteries, which penetrate the renal capsule and extend through the renal columns between the renal pyramids. The interlobar arteries then supply blood to the arcuate arteries that run through the boundary of the cortex and the medulla. Each arcuate artery supplies several interlobular arteries that feed into the afferent arterioles that supply the glomeruli.
After filtration occurs, the blood moves through a small network of venules that converge into interlobular veins. As with the arteriole distribution, the veins follow the same pattern: the interlobular provide blood to the arcuate veins then back to the interlobar veins, which come to form the renal vein exiting the kidney for transfusion for blood.
Structure
[edit]Arterial system
[edit]The table below shows the path that blood takes when it travels through the glomerulus, traveling "down" the arteries and "up" the veins. However, this model is greatly simplified for clarity and symmetry. Some of the other paths and complications are described at the bottom of the table. The interlobar artery and vein (not to be confused with interlobular) are between two renal lobes, also known as the renal column (cortex region between two pyramids).
Arteries (down) | Veins (up) |
---|---|
Abdominal aorta | Vena cava |
Renal artery (Note 1) | Renal vein |
Segmental arteries | – |
Lobar artery | – |
Interlobar artery | Interlobar vein |
Afferent arterioles | Efferent arterioles (Note 3) |
Glomerulus | Glomerulus |
- Note 1: The renal artery also provides a branch to the inferior suprarenal artery to supply the adrenal gland.
- Note 2: Also called the cortical radiate arteries. The interlobular artery also supplies to the stellate veins.
- Note 3: The efferent arterioles do not directly drain into the interlobular vein, but rather they go to the peritubular capillaries first. The efferent arterioles of the juxtamedullary nephron drain into the vasa recta.
Segmental arteries
[edit]Segmental arteries of kidney | |
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Details | |
Source | Renal artery |
Branches | Interlobar arteries |
Identifiers | |
Latin | Arteriae renis |
MeSH | D012079 |
Anatomical terminology |
The segmental arteries are branches of the renal arteries; there are five named segmental arteries:[2][3]
- superior
- inferior
- anterior
- anterior superior
- anterior inferior
- posterior
Venous system
[edit]The venous drainage of the kidney large mirrors its arterial supply, except that there are no segmental veins.[4] The stellate veins arise from the capillaries, then drain successively through interlobular veins and interlobar veins until these converge from across the kidney to form the renal vein for that kidney.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
- ^ Walter F. Boron (2004). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach. Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1-4160-2328-9.
- ^ The Kidney
- ^ "Segmental arteries of kidney" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ^ Martini, Frederic; Tallitsch, Robert B.; Nath, Judi L. (2017). Human Anatomy (9th ed.). Pearson. p. 689. ISBN 9780134320762.