Ruhr Red Army: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|German army of workers who conducted the Ruhr Uprising in 1920}} |
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{{onesource|date=October 2016}} |
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{{ infobox war faction |
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| ⚫ | The |
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| name = Red Ruhr Army |
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| war = [[Ruhr uprising]] |
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| image = Rote Ruhrarmee 1920.jpg |
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| area = [[Ruhr Valley]] |
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| size = 50,000 – 80,000 |
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The '''Ruhr Red Army''' (13 March – 12 April 1920) was an army of between 50,000 and 80,000 left-wing workers who conducted what was known as the [[Ruhr Uprising]] (''Ruhraufstand''), in the [[Weimar Republic]]. It was the largest armed workers' uprising in the nation's history, and ran from 13 March to 2 April, 1920, in Germany's most important industrial area. The workers were reacting to the [[Kapp Putsch]], an effort by right-wing forces in March 1920 to overthrow the elected government. |
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After calling a [[general strike]] on 14 March, the Red Ruhr Army defeated the [[Freikorps]] and regular army units in the area and started the uprising. The government sent in regular and paramilitary forces, killing an estimated 1,000 workers and suppressing the revolt. |
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While the [[middle class|middle]] and [[upper class]]es feared a left wing putsch, 300,000 mine workers supported the Ruhr Red Army. The strikers took over [[Düsseldorf]], [[Elberfeld]], [[Essen, Germany|Essen]] and soon had control over the whole Ruhr area. |
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==Description== |
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| ⚫ | After the failure of negotiations with the strikers the government sent more troops into the Ruhr area on 2 April 1920 |
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| ⚫ | The workers were drawn from the [[Communist Party of Germany]], the [[Communist Workers' Party of Germany]], the [[Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany]], and the [[Free Workers Union of Germany]]. Their army formed in the [[Ruhr Valley]] (the most important industrial area of [[Germany]]) on 13 March 1920 as a reaction to the [[Kapp Putsch]].<ref>{{cite journal |last =Dauve | first=Giles | year=1976 | title =The Communist Left in Germany: 1918-1921 | url=http://libcom.org/library/communist-left-germany-1918-1921}}</ref> While the [[middle class|middle]] and [[upper class]]es feared a left-wing putsch, 300,000 mine workers supported the Ruhr Red Army.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} The strikers took over [[Düsseldorf]], [[Elberfeld]], and [[Essen, Germany|Essen]], and soon had control over the whole Ruhr area. |
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[[File:Hagen Rembergfriedhof Märzgefallene.JPG|thumb|right|Memorial to the Ruhr Uprising, Hagen]] |
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| ⚫ | After the failure of negotiations with the strikers, the government sent more troops into the Ruhr area on 2 April 1920. It was virtually civil war. These government troops consisted largely of regulars, but also of Freikorps [[paramilitary]] soldiers, who finally defeated the workers' uprising and reconquered the Ruhr area. While the Freikorps lost only 250 men, the Red Ruhr Army lost over a thousand during the bitter fighting. A memorial to the uprising was installed in [[Hagen]]. |
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==Footnotes== |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Wilhelm Zaisser]] |
* [[Wilhelm Zaisser]] |
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* [[Karl Schröder (KAPD)|Karl Schröder]] |
* [[Karl Schröder (KAPD)|Karl Schröder]] |
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==References== |
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[[Category:1920s coups d'état and coup attempts]] |
[[Category:1920s coups d'état and coup attempts]] |
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[[Category:Attempted coups]] |
[[Category:Attempted coups in Germany]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Left-wing militant groups in Germany]] |
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[[Category:Paramilitary organisations of the Weimar Republic]] |
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[[Category:1920 in Germany]] |
[[Category:1920 in Germany]] |
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[[Category:Conflicts in 1920]] |
[[Category:Conflicts in 1920]] |
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Latest revision as of 01:29, 12 July 2024
 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (October 2016) |
| Red Ruhr Army | |
|---|---|
 Members of the Ruhr Red Army, Dortmund, 1920 | |
| Active regions | Ruhr Valley |
| Size | 50,000 – 80,000 |
The Ruhr Red Army (13 March – 12 April 1920) was an army of between 50,000 and 80,000 left-wing workers who conducted what was known as the Ruhr Uprising (Ruhraufstand), in the Weimar Republic. It was the largest armed workers' uprising in the nation's history, and ran from 13 March to 2 April, 1920, in Germany's most important industrial area. The workers were reacting to the Kapp Putsch, an effort by right-wing forces in March 1920 to overthrow the elected government.
After calling a general strike on 14 March, the Red Ruhr Army defeated the Freikorps and regular army units in the area and started the uprising. The government sent in regular and paramilitary forces, killing an estimated 1,000 workers and suppressing the revolt.
Description
[edit]The workers were drawn from the Communist Party of Germany, the Communist Workers' Party of Germany, the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany, and the Free Workers Union of Germany. Their army formed in the Ruhr Valley (the most important industrial area of Germany) on 13 March 1920 as a reaction to the Kapp Putsch.[1] While the middle and upper classes feared a left-wing putsch, 300,000 mine workers supported the Ruhr Red Army.[citation needed] The strikers took over Düsseldorf, Elberfeld, and Essen, and soon had control over the whole Ruhr area.
After the failure of negotiations with the strikers, the government sent more troops into the Ruhr area on 2 April 1920. It was virtually civil war. These government troops consisted largely of regulars, but also of Freikorps paramilitary soldiers, who finally defeated the workers' uprising and reconquered the Ruhr area. While the Freikorps lost only 250 men, the Red Ruhr Army lost over a thousand during the bitter fighting. A memorial to the uprising was installed in Hagen.
On 12 April, Reichswehr General Oskar von Watter banned any illegal behaviour on the part of his troops. He ended all battles and fights in the Ruhr area.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Dauve, Giles (1976). "The Communist Left in Germany: 1918-1921".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)