Yuri Averbakh

In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Lvovich and the family name is Averbakh.

Yuri Averbakh
Averbakh in 1963
Full name	Yuri Lvovich Averbakh
Country	Soviet Union → Russia
Born	(1922-02-08)8 February 1922 Kaluga, Russian SFSR (Present-day Kaluga, Russia)
Died	7 May 2022(2022-05-07) (aged 100) Moscow, Russia
Title	Grandmaster (1952)
Peak rating	2550 (July 1971)

Yuri Lvovich Averbakh (Russian: Ю́рий Льво́вич Аверба́х; 8 February 1922 – 7 May 2022) was a Russian chess grandmaster and author. He was chairman of the USSR Chess Federation from 1973 to 1978. He was the first centenarian FIDE Grandmaster. Despite his eyesight and hearing having worsened, as of his 100th birthday he continued to devote time to chess-related activities.

Early life

Averbakh was born in Kaluga, Russia. His father was German Jewish, and his ancestors came from Germany and were named Auerbach, meaning "meadow brook". His mother was Russian. Both sets of grandparents disapproved of their marriage because his father was likely an atheist and his mother was Eastern Orthodox, as well as the fact that his maternal grandmother died very young, so his mother was expected to look after the family. Averbakh himself called himself a fatalist.

Career

Tournament successes

His first major success was the first place in the Moscow Championship of 1949, ahead of players including Andor Lilienthal, Yakov Estrin and Vladimir Simagin. He became an international grandmaster in 1952. In 1954 he won the USSR Championship ahead of players including Mark Taimanov, Viktor Korchnoi, Tigran Petrosian, Efim Geller and Salo Flohr. In the 1956 Championship, he came equal first with Taimanov and Boris Spassky in the main event, finishing second after the playoff. Later Averbakh's daughter, Jane, would marry Taimanov. Averbakh's other major tournament victories included Vienna 1961 and Moscow 1962. He qualified for the 1953 Candidates' Tournament (the last stage to determine the challenger to the World Chess Champion), finishing joint tenth of the fifteen participants. He also qualified for the 1958 Interzonal tournament at Portorož, by finishing in fourth place at the 1958 USSR Championship at Riga. At Portorož, he wound up in a tie for seventh through eleventh places, half a point short of advancing to the Candidates' Tournament. He played in the 1993 Maccabiah Games in Israel, coming in fourth.

Playing style

His solid style was difficult for many pure attackers to overcome, as he wrote:

"...Nezhmetdinov, who if he had the attack, could kill anybody, including Tal. But my score against him was something like 8½–½ because I did not give him any possibility for an active game. In such cases he would immediately start to spoil his position because he was looking for complications."

He had plus records against the world champions Max Euwe and Tigran Petrosian.

Writings

Averbakh was also a major endgame study theorist. More than 100 studies were published during his lifetime, many of which have made notable contributions to endgame theory. In 1956, he was given by FIDE the title of International Judge of Chess Compositions and in 1969 that of International Arbiter.

Averbakh was also an important chess journalist and author. He edited the Soviet chess periodicals Shakhmaty v SSSR and Shakhmatny Bulletin. From 1956 to 1962 he edited (with Vitaly Chekhover and others) a four-volume anthology on the endgame, Shakhmatnye okonchaniya (revised in 1980–84 and translated as Comprehensive Chess Endings, in five volumes).

Openings contributions

Averbakh is the eponym of several opening variations.

• King's Indian Defence: Averbakh variation (E73): 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Be2 0-0 6.Bg5
• King's Indian Defence: semi-Averbakh system (E73): 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Be2 0-0 6.Be3
• Modern Defense: Averbakh variation (A42): 1.d4 g6 2.c4 Bg7 3.Nc3 d6 4.e4

Death and tributes

Averbakh was born on 8 February 1922, in Kaluga and died on 7 May 2022. Averbakh is survived by a daughter, who was married to Mark Taimanov for ten years.

Honours and awards

• Honoured Master of Sports of the USSR
• Order of Friendship of Peoples (1981)
• Medal "For Labour Valour" (1957)
• Medal "For Distinguished Labour" (1970)
• Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary since the Birth of Vladimir Il'ich Lenin" (1970)
• Russian Imperial Family: Knight Commander of the Imperial Order of Saint Stanislaus
• Order of Honor

Books

• Chess Endings: Essential Knowledge, 1966, 1993, Everyman Chess, ISBN 1-85744-022-6.
• Comprehensive Chess Endings 1: Bishop Endings, Knight Endings by Averbakh and Chekhover, 1983, Pergamon, ISBN 4-87187-503-2
• Comprehensive Chess Endings 2: Bishop vs Knight Endings, Rook vs Minor Piece Endings, 1985, Pergamon, ISBN 4-87187-504-0
• Comprehensive Chess Endings 3: Queen Endings, 1986, Pergamon, ISBN 4-87187-505-9
• Comprehensive Chess Endings 4: Pawn Endings, with Ilya Maizelis, 1987, Pergamon, ISBN 4-87187-506-7
• Comprehensive Chess Endings 5: Rook Endings, 1987, Pergamon, ISBN 4-87187-507-5
• Chess Tactics for Advanced Players, 1985, Pergamon, ISBN 4-87187-508-3
• Chess Tactics for Advanced Players, 2008, Lebate, ISBN 978-0-87568-219-8
• A History of Chess from Chaturanga to the Present Day, 2012, Russell Enterprises, ISBN 978-1-936490-44-8
• Journey to the Chess Kingdom, with Mark Beilin, 2014, Chess Evolution, ISBN 978-83-934656-6-8
• Centre-Stage and Behind the Scenes: A Personal Memoir, 2011, New In Chess, ISBN 978-9056913649
• Chess Middlegames: Essential Knowledge
• Averbakh's Selected Games
• Rook v Minor Piece Endings
• The World Chess Championship, with Mark Taimanov
• Small Chess Dictionary

References

• Petursson, Margeir (1996). King's Indian Defense: Averbakh Variation. Cadogan Books. ISBN 978-1-85744-118-5.
• Averbakh's Selected Games by Averbakh, 1998, Everyman Chess, ISBN 1-85744-548-1
• Interview in The Day Kasparov Quit by Dirk Jan ten Geuzendam

See also

• List of Jewish chess players

External links

• Yuri L. Averbakh rating card at FIDE
• Yuri L. Averbakh chess games at 365Chess.com
• Yuri L. Averbakh player profile and games at Chessgames.com
• Interview Part 1, ChessCafe.com
• Interview Part 2, ChessCafe.com