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Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres

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Men's 100 metres
at the Games of the XVIII Olympiad
VenueOlympic Stadium
Tokyo, Japan
Dates14 October 1964 (heats, quarterfinals)
15 October 1964 (semifinals, finals)
Competitors73 from 49 nations
Winning time10.0 seconds
Medalists
1st place, gold medalist(s) Bob Hayes  United States
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Enrique Figuerola  Cuba
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Harry Jerome  Canada
← 1960
1968 →
Official Video Highlights

The men's 100 metres was the shortest of the men's track races in the Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics program in Tokyo, Japan. It was held at the Olympic Stadium on 14 and 15 October 1964. 76 athletes from 49 nations entered, with three not starting in the first round. Nations were limited to three athletes each, per rules in force since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The first two rounds were held on Wednesday, 14 October, with the semifinals and final on the following day.[1]

In the final, American Bob Hayes tied the world record of 10.0 seconds and won the gold medal.[2] Enrique Figuerola of Cuba and Harry Jerome of Canada tied the previous Olympic record time (10.2 seconds). It was Cuba's first medal in the event; Canada earned its first men's 100 metres medal since 1928.

Background

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This was the fifteenth time the event was held, having appeared at every Olympics since the first in 1896. Neither of the top two runners from 1960 returned, but Rome bronze medalist Brit Peter Radford and fourth-place finisher Cuban Enrique Figuerola did. Other notable entrants were American Bob Hayes (the favorite who was unbeaten in the event, including the 100 yards variant, since 1962) and Canadian Harry Jerome (a 1960 semifinalist who held a share of the world record).[3] A muscle strain prevented Venezuelan Horacio Esteves (another 1960 semifinalist with a share of the world record) from competing.[4]

Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, the Dominican Republic, Iran, the Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Mali, Northern Rhodesia, Rhodesia, Senegal, and Vietnam were represented in the event for the first time. The new federation of Malaysia also competed for the first time, though both Malaya and Singapore had previously appeared. The United States was the only nation to have appeared at each of the first fifteen Olympic men's 100 metres events.[citation needed]

Competition format

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The event retained the same basic four round format from 1920–1960: heats, quarterfinals, semifinals, and a final. However, after an extremely static format from 1936 to 1956, the format was modified for a second time in 1964 after 1960's tweaks. The changes generally increased the number of athletes in each race; for the first time in Olympic men's 100 metres history, 8 runners competed at a time.[3]

1936–56 1960 1964
Heats Number of heats 12 9 10
Athletes per heat Up to 7 6–7 7–8
Qualifiers per heat 2 3 3
Quarterfinals Number of heats 4 4 4
Athletes per heat 6 6–7 7–8
Qualifiers per heat 3 3 4
Semifinals Number of heats 2 2 2
Athletes per heat 6 6 8
Qualifiers per heat 3 3 4
Finals Number of heats 1 1 1
Athletes per heat 6 6 8

Records

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Prior to the competition, the existing World and Olympic records were as follows.

World record 10.0 Germany Armin Hary Zürich, Switzerland 21 June 1960
10.0 Canada Harry Jerome Saskatoon, Canada 15 July 1960
10.0 Venezuela Horacio Esteves Caracas, Venezuela 15 August 1964
Olympic record 10.2 Germany Armin Hary Rome, Italy 31 August 1960
10.3 Germany Armin Hary Rome, Italy 31 August 1960
10.3 United States Dave Sime Rome, Italy 31 August 1960

Bob Hayes had an official time of 10.0 seconds in the final, breaking the Olympic record by 0.2 seconds and matching the world record. His official time of 9.9 seconds in the semifinals did not count for records purposes because of wind assistance.

Results

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First round

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The top three runners in each of the 10 heats advanced. The Official Report describes the weather for these heats as 'rainy'. The wind varied widely, between a 2.85 m/s headwind (in heat 3) and a 1.60 m/s tailwind (in heat 6).[5]

Heat 1

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Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Hideo Iijima  Japan 10.3 Q
2 Bernard Laidebeur  France 10.5 Q
3 Edvin Ozolin  Soviet Union 10.5 Q
4 Kenneth Powell  India 10.7
5 Zbigniew Syka  Poland 10.7
6 Jean-Louis Ravelomanantsoa  Madagascar 10.8
7 Sara Camara  Mali 11.3

Heat 2

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Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Trenton Jackson  United States 10.5 Q
2 Peter Radford  Great Britain 10.6 Q
3 B. El Maachi Bouchaib  Morocco 10.6 Q
4 Csaba Csutorás  Hungary 10.7
5 Johan Du Preez  Rhodesia 10.7
6 Jeong Gi-seon  South Korea 11.0
7 Arnulfo Valles  Philippines 11.1

Wind, -2.51 m/s

Heat 3

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Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Gaoussou Koné  Ivory Coast 10.5 Q
2 Mel Pender  United States 10.5 Q
3 Michael Ahey  Ghana 10.6 Q
4 Franciscus Luitjes  Netherlands 10.6
5 Wilton Jackson  Trinidad and Tobago 10.6
6 Lynn Davies  Great Britain 10.7
7 Gerardo di Tolla  Peru 10.9
8 Lee Ar-tu  Taiwan 11.2

Heat 4

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Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Marian Dudziak  Poland 10.6 Q
2 Stanley Fabian Allotey  Ghana 10.6 Q
3 John Owiti  Kenya 10.6 Q
4 Carlos Lorenzo  Mexico 10.7
5 George Collie  Bahamas 10.9
6 Masaru Kamata  Japan 10.9
7 Ho Thành Chinh  Vietnam 11.9
Nikolay Politiko  Soviet Union DNS

Heat 5

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Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Harry Jerome  Canada 10.5 Q
2 Claude Piquemal  France 10.5 Q
3 Lloyd Murad  Venezuela 10.8 Q
4 James Odongo  Uganda 10.9
5 Gusman Kosanov  Soviet Union 10.9
6 Abdoulaye N'Diaye  Senegal 11.0
7 Levy Psawkin  Israel 11.1

Heat 6

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Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Heinz Schumann  United Team of Germany 10.5 Q
2 Dennis O. Johnson  Jamaica 10.6 Q
3 William Earle  Australia 10.7 Q
4 Serafino Antao  Kenya 10.7
5 Huba Rozsnyai  Hungary 10.8
6 Alf Meakin  Great Britain 10.8
7 David Njitock  Cameroon 11.1
8 Akbar Babakhanloo  Iran 11.1

Heat 7

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Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Wiesław Maniak  Poland 10.5 Q
2 Arquímedes Herrera  Venezuela 10.5 Q
3 Mani Jegathesan  Malaysia 10.6 Q
4 José de Rocha  Portugal 11.0
5 Bassirou Doumbia  Senegal 11.0
6 Francisco Gutiérrez  Colombia 11.0
7 Iftikhar Shah  Pakistan 11.4

Heat 8

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Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Bob Hayes  United States 10.4 Q
2 Tom Robinson  Bahamas 10.5 Q
3 Bob Lay  Australia 10.5 Q
4 Ito Jiani  Italy 10.6
5 Rogelio Onofre  Philippines 10.7
6 Khudher Zalada  Iraq 11.1
David Ejoke  Nigeria DNS

Heat 9

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Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Fritz Obersiebrasse  United Team of Germany 10.4 Q
2 Iván Moreno  Chile 10.5 Q
3 Pablo McNeil  Jamaica 10.5 Q
4 László Mihályfi  Hungary 10.6
5 Gary Holdsworth  Australia 10.6
6 Max Barandun  Switzerland 10.7
7 Jeffery Smith  Northern Rhodesia 10.8
Wesley Johnson  Liberia DNF

Heat 10

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Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Enrique Figuerola  Cuba 10.5 Q
2 Lynn Headley  Jamaica 10.5 Q
3 Roger Bambuck  France 10.6 Q
4 Manfred Knickenberg  United Team of Germany 10.7
5 Léon Yombe  Republic of the Congo 10.8
6 Alberto Torres  Dominican Republic 10.9
7 Suthi Manyakass  Thailand 10.9
8 Rogelio Rivas  Spain 11.1

Quarterfinals

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The top four runners in each of the four second round heats advanced to the semifinals. The weather was cloudy and winds were tailwinds throughout.[6]

Quarterfinal 1

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Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Harry Jerome  Canada 10.3 Q
2 Trenton Jackson  United States 10.4 Q
3 Fritz Obersiebrasse  United Team of Germany 10.4 Q
4 Gaoussou Koné  Ivory Coast 10.4 Q
5 Dennis O. Johnson  Jamaica 10.5
6 Marian Dudziak  Poland 10.5
7 Bernard Laidebeur  France 10.5
8 William Joseph Earle  Australia 10.9

Wind, +1.90 m/s

Quarterfinal 2

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Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Enrique Figuerola  Cuba 10.3 Q
2 Wiesław Maniak  Poland 10.3 Q
3 Bob Lay  Australia 10.4 Q
4 Claude Piquemal  France 10.4 Q
5 Edvin Ozolin  Soviet Union 10.4
6 B. El Maachi Bouchaib  Morocco 10.5
7 John Owiti  Kenya 10.6

Quarterfinal 3

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Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Tom Robinson  Bahamas 10.3 Q
2 Mel Pender  United States 10.4 Q
3 Iijima Hideo  Japan 10.5 Q
4 Pablo McNeil  Jamaica 10.5 Q
5 Mani Jegathesan  Malaysia 10.6
6 Ivan Moreno  Chile 10.6
7 Stanley Fabian Allotey  Ghana 10.7
8 Lloyd Murad  Venezuela 10.7

Quarterfinal 4

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Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Bob Hayes  United States 10.3 Q
2 Arquimedes Herrera  Venezuela 10.4 Q
3 Lynn Headley  Jamaica 10.4 Q
4 Heinz Schumann  United Team of Germany 10.5 Q
5 Peter Radford  Great Britain 10.5
6 Roger Bambuck  France 10.5
7 Michael Ahey  Ghana 10.6

Semifinals

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The top four runners in each of the two semifinals advanced to the final. The weather was described as "fine," with lower humidity than the first two rounds and a temperature of 23.8 degrees Celsius. There was a strong tailwind for the first semifinal and a moderate headwind for the second.[7]

Semifinal 1

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The tailwind speed of 5.28 m/s meant this semifinal was ineligible for record purposes.

Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Bob Hayes  United States 9.9 Q
2 Wiesław Maniak  Poland 10.1 Q
3 Tom Robinson  Bahamas 10.2 Q
4 Heinz Schumann  United Team of Germany 10.3 Q
5 Robert William Lay  Australia 10.3
6 Pablo McNeil  Jamaica 10.3
7 Arquimedes Herrera  Venezuela 10.4
8 Trenton Jackson  United States 10.6

Semifinal 2

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Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Harry Jerome  Canada 10.3 Q
2 Gaoussou Koné  Ivory Coast 10.4 Q
3 Enrique Figuerola  Cuba 10.4 Q
4 Mel Pender  United States 10.4 Q
5 Claude Piquemal  France 10.5
6 Lynn Headley  Jamaica 10.5
7 Iijima Hideo  Japan 10.6
8 Fritz Obersiebrasse  United Team of Germany 10.6

Final

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Until the Tokyo Olympics world records were measured by officials with stopwatches, measured to the nearest tenth of a second. Although fully automatic timing was used in Tokyo, the times were given the appearance of manual timing. This was done by subtracting 0.05 seconds from the automatic time and rounding to the nearest tenth of a second, making Hayes' time of 10.06 seconds convert to 10.0 seconds (a new Olympic record and matching the existing world record), despite the fact that the officials with stopwatches had measured Hayes' time to be 9.9 seconds,[8] and the average difference between manual and automatic times was typically 0.15 to 0.20 seconds. This unique method of determining the official time therefore denied Hayes the record of being the first to officially record 9.9 seconds for the 100 meters. The first official times of 9.9 seconds were recorded at the "Night of Speed" in 1968.

The final was run in "fine" weather, with a tailwind of just over a metre per second.[7] Hayes ran on lane one, which had been damaged by competitors in the men's 10,000 metres and the men's 20 km walk. Nevertheless, his "margin of victory was described by Track & Field News as 'insulting to an Olympic final field.'"[3]

Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1st place, gold medalist(s) Bob Hayes  United States 10.0 =WR
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Enrique Figuerola  Cuba 10.2
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Harry Jerome  Canada 10.2
4 Wiesław Maniak  Poland 10.4
5 Heinz Schumann  United Team of Germany 10.4
6 Gaoussou Koné  Ivory Coast 10.4
Mel Pender  United States 10.4
8 Tom Robinson  Bahamas 10.5
  • Wind speed= +1.1 m/s (2.5 mph)
The 100 m final. Left-right: Tom Robinson, Wiesław Maniak, Harry Jerome, Gaoussou Koné, Enrique Figuerola, Heinz Schumann, Bob Hayes

References

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  1. ^ "Athletics at the 1964 Tokyo Summer Games: Men's 100 metres". Sports Reference. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
  2. ^ "Hayes, Tyus equal world records in 100". Eugene Register-Guard. (Oregon). Associated Press. October 15, 1964. p. 1D.
  3. ^ a b c "100 metres, Men". Olympedia. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  4. ^ "Horacio conquistó el mundo hace 47 años". Solodeportes (in Spanish). Venezuela. 15 August 2011. Archived from the original on 15 September 2011. Retrieved 16 November 2011.
  5. ^ Official Report, vol. 2, pp. 19–20.
  6. ^ Official Report, vol. 2, p. 20.
  7. ^ a b Official Report, vol. 2, p. 21.
  8. ^ revisionist history: men's 100 WR. trackandfieldnews.com. 1 November 2013
  • Official Report