List of religious populations
The list of religious populations article provides a comprehensive overview of the distribution and size of religious groups around the world. This article aims to present statistical information on the number of adherents to various religions, including major faiths such as Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and others, as well as smaller religious communities. It also includes the percentage of nonreligious and atheistic populations.
The data is primarily sourced from organizations like the Pew Research Center, global surveys, census reports, and research studies, offering insights into the demographic composition of religious affiliations across different regions and countries. The list also explores trends in religious growth, decline, and shifts, reflecting the dynamic nature of religious adherence in the global context.
Current world estimates
Pew Research Center made its "Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050"[2] based on 2010 baseline estimates. Although 2020 is already in the past, new estimates for 2020 are still work in progress.[3] Their methodology is published as an appendix.[4]
Religion | Adherents | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Christianity | 2.365 billion | 30.74% |
Islam | 1.907 billion | 24.9% |
Secular[a]/Nonreligious[b]/Agnostic/Atheist | 1.193 billion | 15.58% |
Hinduism | 1.152 billion | 15.1% |
Buddhism | 506 million | 6.6% |
Chinese traditional religion[c] | 394 million | 5.6% |
Ethnic religions excluding some in separate categories | 300 million | 3% |
African traditional religions | 100 million[7] | 1.2% |
Esoteric Religions | 50 million | 0.31% |
Sikhism | 26 million | 0.30% |
Mormonism | 17 million | 0.2% |
Spiritism | 15 million | 0.2% |
Judaism | 14.7 million[8] | 0.2% |
Ayyavazhi | 9 million | 0.11% |
Baháʼí | 5.0 million[9] | 0.07% |
Jainism | 4.2 million | 0.05% |
Shinto | 4.0 million | 0.05% |
Cao Dai | 4.0 million | 0.05% |
Zoroastrianism | 2.6 million | 0.03% |
Tenrikyo | 2.0 million | 0.02% |
Animism | 1.9 million | 0.02% |
Neo-Paganism | 1.0 million | 0.01% |
Unitarian Universalism | 0.8 million | 0.01% |
Rastafari | 0.6 million | 0.007% |
Total | 8.12 billion | 100% |
Notes
- ^ These figures may incorporate populations of secular/nominal adherents as well as syncretist worshipers, although the concept of syncretism is disputed by some.
- ^ Nonreligious includes agnostic, atheist, secular humanist, and people answering 'none' or no religious preference. Half of this group is theistic but nonreligious.[5] According to a 2012 study by Gallup International "59% of the world said that they think of themselves as religious person, 23% think of themselves as not religious whereas 13% think of themselves as convinced atheists".[6]
- ^ Chinese traditional religion is described as "the common religion of the majority Chinese culture: a combination of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, as well as the traditional non-scriptural/local practices and beliefs."
Largest religion by country
By proportion
Christians
Countries and territories with the greatest proportion of Christians from Christianity by country, as of 2010[update]:
Vatican City 100% (100% Roman Catholic)
Pitcairn Islands 100% (100% Seventh-day Adventist)[11]
Samoa ~99% (mostly Protestant)[12]
East Timor 99.6%[13] (mostly Roman Catholic)
Armenia 98.5% (96% Oriental Orthodox)
American Samoa 98.3% (mostly Protestant; ARDA claim)[14][better source needed]
Malta 98.1%[15] (mostly Roman Catholic)
Venezuela 98%[16] (71% Roman Catholic)
Greece 98%[17] (95% Eastern Orthodox)
Marshall Islands 97.2% (mostly Protestant)[18]
Tonga 97.2% (mostly Protestant)[19]
San Marino 97%[20] (~97% Roman Catholic)
Paraguay 96.9%[21] (mostly Roman Catholic)
El Salvador 96.4% (mostly Roman Catholic; ARDA claim)[22][better source needed]
Kiribati 96% (mostly Protestant)[23]
Federated States of Micronesia ~96% (mostly Protestant)[24]
Barbados 95.1% (mostly Protestant)[25]
Papua New Guinea 94.8% (mostly Protestant; ARDA claim)[26][better source needed]
Mexico 94.6% (mostly Roman Catholic)
Peru 94.51%[27] (mostly Roman Catholic)
Romania 93% (mostly Eastern Orthodox)[28]
Poland 92.9% (mostly Roman Catholic)[29]
Croatia 91.1% (mostly Roman Catholic)[30]
Philippines 90% (mostly Roman Catholic)
Muslims
Countries and territories with a considerable proportion of Muslims from Islam by country as of 2010[update], excluding foreign workers in brackets:
Data is based on the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life[31]
Maldives 100%[32]
Mauritania 99.9%[33]
Gaza Strip 99.9%[34]
Morocco 99.9%[35]
Yemen 99.8% (65% Sunni 33.5% Zaydi 1.5% Ismaili)[31]
Somalia 99.7%[36]
Afghanistan 99.7%[37] (90% Sunni 10% Shi'a)[31]
Iran 99.6% (95% Shi'a, 5% Sunni)[38]
Tunisia 99.5%
Azerbaijan 99.2% (Shi'a)[31]
Iraq 99% (67% Shi'a, 33% Sunni)[31]
Niger 99% (mostly Sunni)[31]
Turkey 98.6% (85% Sunni, 15% Shi’a)[39]
Comoros 98.3%[40]
Algeria 98%
Saudi Arabia 97.2% (90% Sunni, 10% Shi'a)[31]
Sudan 97%[41]
Djibouti 96.9%[31]
Libya 96.6%[42]
Pakistan 96.4% (85% Sunni 12% Shi'a 3% Other)[43]
Bangladesh 90.4%[44]
Egypt 89.3%[45]
Indonesia 86.7%[46]
Malaysia 61.3%
Nigeria 53.5%
Ethiopia 41%
Irreligious and atheists
Countries with the greatest proportion of people without religion, including agnostics and atheists, from Irreligion by country (as of 2020[update]):[47]
Czech Republic (78.4%)[47]
North Korea (71.3%)[47]
Estonia (60.2%)[47]
Hong Kong (54.7%)[47]
China (51.8%)[47]
South Korea (46.6%)[47]
Latvia (45.3%)[47]
Netherlands (44.3%)[47]
Uruguay (41.5%)[47]
New Zealand (48.2%)[49]
Mongolia (36.5%)[47]
Spain (35.5%)[50]
France (31.9%)[47]
United Kingdom (31.2%)[47]
Belgium (31%)[47]
Vietnam (29.9%)[47]
Sweden (29%)[47]
Australia (28.6%)[47]
Belarus (28.6%)[47]
United States (28%)[51]
Luxembourg (26.7%)[47]
Germany (26.3%)[47]
Canada (23.9%)[52]
Cuba (23.2%)[47]
Switzerland (22.8%)[47]
Finland (20.8%)[47]
Hungary (20%)[47]
Slovenia (18.8%)[47]
Data is ranked by mean estimate in parentheses. Irreligious includes agnostic, atheist, secular people, and those having no formal religious adherence. It does not necessarily mean that those of this group don't belong to any religion. Some religions have harmonized with local cultures and can be seen as a cultural background rather than a formal religion. Additionally, the practice of officially associating a family or household with a religion, while not formally practicing the affiliated religion, is common in many countries. Thus, over half of this group is theistic and/or influenced by religious principles, but nonreligious/non-practicing and not true atheists or agnostics.[5] See Spiritual but not religious.
Hindus
Countries with the greatest proportion of Hindus from Hinduism by country as of 2010[update]:
Nepal 81.3%[53]
India 79.8%[54]
Mauritius 48.54%[55]
Fiji 27.9%[56]
Bhutan 25%[57]
Guyana 24.8%[58]
Suriname 22.3%[59]
Trinidad and Tobago 18.2%[60]
United Arab Emirates 15%[61]
Sri Lanka 12.6%[62]
Kuwait 12%[63]
Bangladesh 9.6%[64]
Bahrain 8.1%[65]
Réunion 6.7%[66]
Malaysia 6.3%[67]
Singapore 5.1%
Oman 3%
Seychelles 2.1%[68]
New Zealand 2.6%[69]
Pakistan 2.2%[70]
Indonesia 1.7%[71]
United Kingdom 1.7%[72]
Canada 1.5%[73]
United States 0.7%[74]
Buddhists
Countries with the greatest proportion of Buddhists from Buddhism by country as of 2010[update]:[75]
Cambodia 96.9%
Thailand 93.2%
Myanmar 80.1%
Bhutan 74.70%
Sri Lanka 69.3%
Laos 66.0%
Mongolia 55.1%
Japan 36.2% - 66.7%[78]
Taiwan 35.1%
Singapore 33.2%
South Korea 22.9%
Malaysia 19.8%
China 18.2%
Macau 17.3%
Vietnam 16.4%
Hong Kong 13.2%
Nepal 10.3%
Taoists/Confucians/Chinese traditional religionists
As a spiritual practice, Taoism has made fewer inroads in the West than Buddhism and Hinduism. Despite the popularity of its great classics the I Ching and the Tao Te Ching, the practice of Taoism has not been promulgated in America with much success;[79] these religions are not ubiquitous worldwide in the way that adherents of bigger world religions are, and they remain primarily an ethnic religion. Nonetheless, Taoist ideas and symbols such as taijitu have become popular throughout the world through tai chi, qigong, and various martial arts.[80]
Taiwan 33–80%[81]
China 30%[82]
Hong Kong 28%[83]
Macau 13.9%[84]
Singapore 8.5%[85]
Malaysia 2.6%[86]
South Korea 0.2–1%[87]
Vietnam
Philippines 0.01–0.05%
Indonesia 0.05%
The Chinese traditional religion has 184,000 believers in Latin America, 250,000 believers in Europe, and 839,000 believers in North America as of 1999[update].[88][89]
Ethnic and indigenous religionists
Indigenous statistics come from the U.S. Department of State's International Religious Freedom Act (2009),[90] based on the highest estimate of people identified as indigenous or followers of indigenous religions that have been well-defined. Due to the syncretic nature of these religions, the numbers may not reflect the actual number of practitioners.
South Sudan 32.9%[91]
Guinea-Bissau 30.9%[92]
North Korea 29.5%[93]
Togo 35.6%[94]
Côte d'Ivoire 25%
Sudan 25%[95]
Benin 17.9%[96][better source needed]
Burundi 20%
Burkina Faso 15%
South Africa 15%[97]
Democratic Republic of the Congo 12%
Central African Republic 10%
Gabon 10%
Lesotho 10%
Nigeria 10%
Sierra Leone 10%[98]
Kenya 9%
Palau 9%[99]
Ghana 8.5%
Guinea 5%
Sikhs
Countries with the greatest proportion of Sikhs:
Canada 2.12%[100][101]
India 1.72%[106]
Cyprus 1.1%[107]
United Kingdom 0.88%[108]
New Zealand 0.88%[109]
Australia 0.83%[110][111]
Oman 0.75%[112]
UAE 0.56%[113]
Italy 0.37%[127]
Singapore 0.35% [128]
The Sikh homeland is the Punjab state, in India, where Sikhs make up approximately 58% of the population. This is the only place where Sikhs are in the majority. Sikhs have emigrated to countries all over the world – especially to English-speaking and East Asian nations. In doing so they have retained, to an unusually high degree, their distinctive cultural and religious identity. Sikhs are not ubiquitous worldwide in the way that adherents of larger world religions are, and they remain primarily an ethnic religion. But they can be found in many international cities and have become an especially strong religious presence in the United Kingdom and Canada.[129] Sikhism is also the fastest growing religion in New Zealand and Australia.[130][131]
Spiritists
Cuba 10.3%
Jamaica 10.2%
Brazil 4.8%
Suriname 3.6%
Haiti 2.7%
Dominican Republic 2.2%
The Bahamas 1.9%
Nicaragua 1.5%
Trinidad and Tobago 1.4%
Guyana 1.3%
Venezuela 1.1%
Colombia 1.0%
Belize 1.0%
Honduras 0.9%
Puerto Rico 0.7%
Panama 0.5%
Iceland 0.5%
Guadeloupe 0.4%
Argentina 0.2%
Guatemala 0.2%
(ARDA claim)[132][better source needed]
Spiritist estimates come from a single source, which gives a relative indication of the size of the Spiritist communities within each country.
Jews
Countries with the greatest proportion of Jews (as of 2017[update]):
Israel 73.6%[8]
Gibraltar 2.0%[8]
United States 1.76%[8]
Canada 1.07%[8]
France 0.7%[8]
Hungary 0.485%[8]
Uruguay 0.483%[8]
Australia 0.47%[8]
United Kingdom 0.44%[8]
Argentina 0.41%[8]
U.S. Virgin Islands 0.36%[8]
Belgium 0.259%[8]
Panama 0.250%[8]
Latvia 0.24%[8]
Switzerland 0.22%[8]
Netherlands 0.17%[8]
New Zealand 0.11%[69]
Estonia 0.154%[8]
Bermuda 0.154%[8]
Sweden 0.152%[8]
Germany 0.14%[8]
South Africa 0.124%[8]
Ukraine 0.124%[8]
Russia 0.122%[8]
Denmark 0.112%[8]
Jains
By population
Christians
Largest Christian populations (as of 2011[update]):
United States 229,157,250[133] (details)
Brazil 169,213,130[134]
Russia 114,198,444[135]
Mexico 106,204,560[136]
Nigeria 80,510,000[137]
Philippines 78,790,000[138]
China 67,070,000[137]
Democratic Republic of the Congo 63,150,000[137]
Italy 55,832,000
Ethiopia 51,477,950
Germany 50,752,580[139]
Colombia 44,502,000
Ukraine 41,973,000
South Africa 40,243,000
France 39,560,000[137]
Spain 38,568,000
Poland 36,526,000
Kenya 33,625,790
Argentina 33,497,100
United Kingdom 33,200,417
Uganda 29,943,000
Indonesia 28.571.606[140]
India 28,436,000
Venezuela 28,340,790
Peru 27,365,100
Muslims
Largest Muslim populations (as of 2017):
Indonesia 229,000,000[141] (details)
Pakistan 215,000,000[142]
India 209,000,000[143]
Bangladesh 153,000,000[144]
Nigeria 117,000,000[145]
Egypt 87,500,000[146]
Iran 82,000,000[147]
Turkey 79,850,000[141]
Ethiopia 48,000,000[148]
Sudan 44,000,000[149]
Iraq 41,000,000[150]
Algeria 39,000,000[151]
Morocco 38,000,000[35]
Afghanistan 37,000,000[152]
Saudi Arabia 33,000,000[153]
Uzbekistan 33,648,090[154]
Yemen 30,000,000[155]
China 28,000,000[156]
Russia 25,000,000[157]
Tanzania 22,000,000[158]
Niger 22,000,000[159]
Hindus
Largest Hindu populations (as of 2020):[160]
India 1,120,000,000
Nepal 28,600,000
Bangladesh 14,274,430
Indonesia 4,640,000
Pakistan 4,400,000
Sri Lanka 3,090,000
United States 2,510,000
Malaysia 1,940,000
United Arab Emirates 1,239,610
United Kingdom 1,030,000
South Africa 749,870
Mauritius 665,820
Myanmar 890,000[161]
Canada 610,000
South Africa 540,000
Saudi Arabia 440,000
Australia 410,000
Tanzania 403,570
Singapore 380,000
Qatar 360,000
Kuwait 330,000
Trinidad and Tobago 310,000[60]
Fiji 270,000[citation needed]
Guyana 200,000[162]
Yemen 200,000[163]
Bhutan 190,000
Suriname 120,785[164]
Germany 120,000
Buddhists
Largest Buddhist populations[165]
China 244,130,000
Thailand 64,420,000
Japan 45,820,000
Myanmar 38,410,000
Sri Lanka 14,450,000
Vietnam 14,380,000
Cambodia 13,690,000
South Korea 11,050,000
India 9,250,000
Malaysia 5,010,000
United States 3,800,023
Indonesia 2,062,000
Sikhs
Largest Sikh population (as of 2023)
India 23,786,000[166][a][167][168]
Canada 771,790[169][170]
United Kingdom 524,000[171]
United States ~280,000[192]
Australia 210,400[193][194]
Italy 210,000 [203]
Malaysia 100,000[204][205][206]
Thailand 70,000[207]
United Arab Emirates 52,000[208]
Philippines 50,000[209][210]
New Zealand 40,908[211]
Oman 35,540[212]
Portugal 35,000[213]
France 30,000[214]
Spain 26,000[215]
Germany 25,000[216]
Greece 20,000[217]
Kuwait 15,000[218][219]
Hong Kong 15,000[220]
Netherlands 15,000 [221]
Jews
Largest Jewish populations (as of 2017[update]):
Israel 6,451,000[8]
United States 5,700,000[8]
France 456,000[8]
Canada 390,000[8]
United Kingdom 289,500[8]
Argentina 180,500[8]
Russia 176,000[8]
Germany 116,500[8]
Australia 113,200[8]
Brazil 93,800[8]
South Africa 69,300[8]
Ukraine 53,000[8]
Hungary 47,500[8]
Mexico 40,000[8]
Netherlands 29,800[8]
Belgium 29,300[8]
Italy 27,300[8]
Switzerland 18,700[8]
Chile 18,300[8]
Uruguay 16,900[8]
Turkey 15,300[8]
Sweden 15,000[8]
Spain 11,800[8]
Belarus 10,000[8]
Panama 10,000[8]
Baháʼís
Largest Baháʼí populations (as of 2010[update]) in countries with a national population ≥200,000:[222][better source needed]
India 1,897,651
United States 512,864
Kenya 422,782
Vietnam 388,802
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 282,916
Philippines 275,069
Iran 251,127
Zambia 241,112
South Africa 238,532
Bolivia 215,359
Tanzania 190,419
Venezuela 169,811
Uganda 95,098
Chad 94,499
Pakistan 87,259
Myanmar 78,915
Colombia 70,504
Malaysia 67,549
Thailand 65,096
Papua New Guinea 59,898
Jains
As of 2005[update], per ARDA:[223][better source needed]
India 5,146,697
United States 79,459
Kenya 68,848
United Kingdom 35,000
Canada 12,101
Tanzania 9,002
Nepal 6,800
Uganda 2,663
Myanmar 2,398
Malaysia 2,052
South Africa 1,918
Fiji 1,573
Japan 1,535
Belgium 1,500
Australia 1,449
Suriname 1,217
Ireland 1,000
Réunion 981
Hong Kong 500 families[224]
Yemen 229
See also
Religions:
- Religions by country
- History of the Baháʼí Faith
- Buddhism by country
- Christianity by country
- Hinduism by country
- Islam by country
- Judaism by country
- Sikhism by country
Notes
References
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- ^ The Indian Sikh population grew from 16,420,685 to 19,237,391 between 1991 and 2001, a rise of 2,816,706 or 17.15%. It further rose from 19,237,391 to 20,833,116 between 1991 and 2001, a rise of 1,595,725 or 8.29%.[102][103][104] Assuming the Indian Sikh population growth rate continues to decline at the same rate, which is likely since Sikhs have the lowest birth rate across all Indian religious groups, the Indian Sikh population would grow by 4.01% between 2011 and 2021, or from 20,833,116 to 21,668,524.[105]
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it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in the county with a majority in Brescia.
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That it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in it with a majority in Brescia
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About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
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About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
- ^ "Thousands of Sikhs attend parade in Italy". Bol News.
Italy has over 200,000 Sikhs who are active members of the Italian population, which is why this city was chosen
- ^ "The Continuing Struggle for Religious Freedom by Italy's Sikh Community". The Wire.
It is estimated that there are around 220,000 Sikh migrants in Italy. The community, however, has been largely invisible to native Italians. The majority of Sikhs are dairy workers, living far from the cities, and settled mainly in the farms of north and central Italy.
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The total number of Indians in Italy has now crossed 200,000, making it the largest Indian diaspora in continental Europe and far greater than the 30,000 estimated in Spain. This Indian contingent is mainly made up of Punjabi Jat Sikhs.
- ^ a b "How Sikhs saved the Italian cheese industry". Global Indian.
Today, Italy has the largest Sikh population in Europe, only second to the United Kingdom, with an estimated number of 220,000
- ^ Bertolani, Barbara (2013). "The Sikhs in Italy: A Growing Heterogeneous and Plural Presence". Globalizing Belief, Localizing Gods. Brill Publishers. p. 75. ISBN 9789004254756.
According to Gallo (2013), by contrast, the Sikhs would number at least 100,000. Barbara Bertolani estimates in 2013 "My own data gathered within the Sikh community in Italy show Sikh people constituting about 70% of all the Indians present, i.e., at least 84,000 residents
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Up to 150,000 Sikhs now live there, making it the largest Sikh Community in Europe after the one in Britain
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Despite the estimated 220,000 Sikh immigrants who inhabit the Po Valley, there seems to a whiff of change in the air
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About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
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The vegan diet, the cult, the traditions. Customs and symbols of the 150,000 faithful of the religion born in India who now live in the Bel Paese
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Today there are well over 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.
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Scholars and government officials estimate the Sikh American population to number around 500,000.
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There are an estimated 500,000 Sikhs living in the U.S., many in New York and California.
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Sikhism is the fifth largest religion in the world, and, today, there are more than 30 million Sikhs worldwide and an estimated 500,000 Sikh Americans;
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There are more than 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.
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Despite its relatively recent arrival in Chicago, Sikhism is the world's fifth-largest religion, with 25 to 30 million adherents around the globe and an estimated 500,000 in America today.
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- ^ "Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths". Pew Research Center. 19 July 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
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- ^ While the U.S. Census does not ask about religion,[172] 70,697 Americans (or 0.02% of the total population) declared Sikh as their ethnicity in the 2020 census.[173] In the 2021 Canadian census, 194,640 Canadians declared Sikh as their ethnicity while 771,790 Canadians declared Sikh as their religion, indicating that the Sikh American population may be around 280,329, or 0.08% of the total population.[174] The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the adult Sikh American population at 78,000 in 2008.[175] The Pew Research Center estimated the Sikh American adult population to be 140,000 and the total population at 200,000 in 2012 while the World Religion Database at Boston University estimated the American Sikh population to be at 280,000 in 2012.[176][177] Sikh organizations like the Sikh Coalition and American Sikh Congressional Caucus estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 1,000,000, but do not provide any sources for these figures;[178][179][180] 500,000 nevertheless remains the most cited Sikh American population size in news media.[181][188] With 1% of Asian Americans being Sikh, and 90.7% of Sikh Americans being Asian American, the American Sikh population can be estimated around 280,000-500,000 in 2021.[189][190][191]
- ^ Glenn (6 September 2012). "2011 Australian Census - Fastest Growing Religions". Blog.id.com.au. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
- ^ "2071.0 - Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 28 June 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
- ^ "Over 40,000 Sikhs vote in secessionist Referendum in Italy". Geo News.
it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in the county with a majority in Brescia.
- ^ "Around 45,000 Sikhs vote in Referendum in Italy". Daily Pakistan.
That it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in it with a majority in Brescia
- ^ "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". Pakistan Today. 3 July 2022.
About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
- ^ "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". The Nation.
About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
- ^ "Thousands of Sikhs attend parade in Italy". Bol News.
Italy has over 200,000 Sikhs who are active members of the Italian population, which is why this city was chosen
- ^ "The Continuing Struggle for Religious Freedom by Italy's Sikh Community". The Wire.
It is estimated that there are around 220,000 Sikh migrants in Italy. The community, however, has been largely invisible to native Italians. The majority of Sikhs are dairy workers, living far from the cities, and settled mainly in the farms of north and central Italy.
- ^ Bertolani, Barbara (2013). "The Sikhs in Italy: A Growing Heterogeneous and Plural Presence". Globalizing Belief, Localizing Gods. Brill Publishers. p. 75. ISBN 9789004254756.
According to Gallo (2013), by contrast, the Sikhs would number at least 100,000. Barbara Bertolani estimates in 2013 "My own data gathered within the Sikh community in Italy show Sikh people constituting about 70% of all the Indians present, i.e., at least 84,000 residents
- ^ "The Sikhs Spearheading The Italian Parmesan Cheese Industry". Homegrown.
Despite the estimated 220,000 Sikh immigrants who inhabit the Po Valley, there seems to a whiff of change in the air
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- ^ "Gobind Singh Deo is Malaysia's first Sikh minister". The Economic Times.
Malaysia has nearly 100,000 Sikh population.
- ^ "Malaysia gets first Sikh minister". WION.
Miri Indian Association president, Councillor Karambir Singh was quoted as saying by the Borneo Post. Malaysia has nearly 100,000 Sikh population
- ^ "On the Gurdwara Trail in Malaysia: A Spiritual Experience". SikhNet. 20 January 2023.
The Malaysian Sikh community is the fourth largest ethnic group of Malaysian Indians. It is estimated that over 100,000 Sikhs reside in Malaysia. The Sikh population is the largest here among Southeast and East Asia.
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- ^ "Portugal Fact Sheet". Embassy of India (Lisbon, Portugal).
Sikhs (35,000), In recent years, the number of Indians (especially from Punjab/Haryana) has increased significantly owing to the easing of immigration norms by Portugal. However, since many of them do not have valid residency documents, official figures are not available.
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Sikhs, 25,000 (2020)....The "German Information Center for Sikh Religion, Sikh History, Culture and Science (DISR)" estimates the number of Sikhs in Germany at 18,000 for 2017
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The Sikh community in Greece, numbered at around 20,000 according to a 2012 report, joined together to mark the holy day
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In Nederland wonen zo'n 15.000 sikhs, die hier sinds de jaren zestig vanuit Afghanistan, Pakistan en India kwamen, op zoek naar werk of op de vlucht voor de Sovjets, de Taliban of de geradicaliseerde aanhangers van Indira Gandhi, nadat zij in 1984 door haar sikhlijfwacht was vermoord. Ons land telt inmiddels negen gurdwara's. [Some 15,000 Sikhs live in the Netherlands, who have come here from Afghanistan, Pakistan and India since the 1960s, looking for work or fleeing the Soviets, the Taliban or the radicalized followers of Indira Gandhi, after they were killed in 1984. her Sikh bodyguard had been killed. Our country now has nine gurdwaras.]
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External links
- Asian-Nation: Religious Affiliation among Asian Americans
- International Religious Freedom Report 2007 of U.S. Department of State
- Background Notes of U.S. Department of State
- The World Factbook of CIA
- Religious Freedom page
- Religious Intelligence
- BBC News – Muslims in Europe: Country guide
- Vipassana Foundation – Buddhists around the world