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m clean up some labels; add missing space after *; {{zh-noun}} -> {{head|zh|noun}}, {{zh-hanzi}} -> {{head|zh|hanzi}} per WT:RFDO#All templates in Category:Chinese headword-line templates except Template:zh-noun, WT:RFDO#Template:zh-noun; fix some lang codes (manually assisted)
 
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====References====
====References====
* {{Han ref|kx=1386.380|dkj=42781|dj=1901.140|hdz=74331.120|uh=9784|ud=38788|bh=E4C6|bd=58566}}
* {{Han ref|kx=1386.380|dkj=42781|dj=1901.140|hdz=74331.120|uh=9784|ud=38788|bh=E4C6|bd=58566}}

----


==Chinese==
==Chinese==
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|mn=phauh
|mn=phauh
|mc=y
|mc=y
|oc=y
|cat=v,n
|cat=v,n
}}
}}


===Definitions===
===Definitions===
{{zh-hanzi}}
{{head|zh|hanzi}}


# to work hides
# to [[work]] [[hide#Noun|hides]]
# leather bag
# [[leather]] [[bag]]


{{attention|zh|how dated is this character? most zh.wp hits are for Japanese}}
{{attention|zh|how dated is this character? most zh.wp hits are for Japanese}}

----


==Japanese==
==Japanese==
Line 54: Line 51:
{{wp|lang=ja}}
{{wp|lang=ja}}


Possibly derived from {{der|ja|zh|夾板|sort=かばん}} or {{m|zh|夾槾}}.<ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref><ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref> Compare modern {{cog|nan|-}} reading ''kiap-pán''.
Possibly derived from {{der|ja|zh|夾板|sort=かばん}} or {{m|zh|夾槾|tr=jiāmàn||[[board]]s for [[pressing]] or [[holding]] [[thing]]s [[together]]}},<ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref><ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref> modern {{cog|nan|-}} reading ''kiap-pán''. Another proposed etymology is Dutch {{cog|nl|kabas|t=[[bag]]}}, likely introduced through the Japanese-Dutch trade during the {{w|Edo period}}.


The original meaning of the kanji {{m|ja|鞄}} referred to [[tanned]] [[leather]] or a [[tanner]] who produces such material. The [[kun'yomi]] ''kaban'' only appears from the {{w|Meiji period}} (1868­–1912).<ref name="KDJ"/>
The original meaning of the kanji {{m|ja|鞄#Kanji|鞄}} referred to [[tanned]] [[leather]] or a [[tanner]] who produces such material. The native reading (''{{ll|ja|訓読み|kun'yomi}}'') ''kaban'' only appears from the {{w|Meiji period}} (1868–1912).<ref name="KDJ"/>


First attested with the reading ''kaban'' to a work from 1877.<ref name="KDJ"/> Over the period of roughly 1877–1887, this word ''kaban'' grew in popularity and displaced the previous term {{m|ja|胴乱|tr=dōran||[[satchel]]}}.<ref name="KDJ"/><ref>{{R:Nipponica}}</ref>
First attested with this reading to a work from 1877;<ref name="KDJ"/> over the period of roughly 1877–1887, this word grew in popularity and displaced the previous term {{m|ja|胴乱|tr=dōran||[[satchel]]}}.<ref name="KDJ"/><ref>{{R:Nipponica}}</ref>


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
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{{ja-noun|かばん}}
{{ja-noun|かばん}}


# {{defdate|from 1877}} {{q|often made of [[leather]] or [[canvas]]}} [[bag]], [[satchel]], [[briefcase]], [[handbag]]
# {{defdate|from 1877}} a [[bag]], [[satchel]], [[briefcase]], or [[handbag]] {{gloss|often [[make|made]] of [[leather]] or [[canvas]]}}
#: {{synonyms|ja|胴乱|tr1=dōran|q1=archaic}}
#: {{synonyms|ja|胴乱|tr1=dōran|q1=archaic}}
#* {{quote-song|ja|year=1986|lyricist=w:Hayao Miyazaki|composer=w:Joe Hisaishi|title=[[w:ja:君をのせて (井上あずみの曲)|Kimi o Nosete]]|trans-title=Carrying You|album=|url=|artist=w:Azumi Inoue}}
#*: {{ja-usex|さあ　[[出掛ける|でかけよう]]　ひときれのパン　ナイフ　ランプ　'''かばん'''に[[詰め込む|つめこんで]]|さあ でかけよう ひときれ の パン　ナイフ　ランプ　'''かばん''' に つめこんで|rom=Sā, dekakeyō, hitokire no pan, naifu, ranpu, kaban ni tsumekonde|Let’s set out [on a journey with] a slice of bread, knife, [and] lamp, [all] stuffed in your '''bag'''.}}


====Derived terms====
====Derived terms====
{{der-top}}
{{top3}}
⚫
* {{ja-r|鞄%語|かばん%ご}}
* {{ja-r|鞄%持ち|かばん%もち}}
* {{ja-r|折り鞄|おりかばん}}
* {{ja-r|折り鞄|おりかばん}}
* {{ja-r|鞄語|かばんご|{{lb|ja|linguistics|nocat=1}} [[portmanteau word]]}}
⚫
* {{ja-r|鞄持ち|かばんもち}}
* {{ja-r|提げ鞄|さげかばん}}
* {{ja-r|提げ鞄|さげかばん}}
* {{ja-r|支那鞄|しなかばん}}
* {{ja-r|支%那 鞄|^し%な かばん}}
* {{ja-r|通学鞄|つうがくかばん|[[schoolbag]]}}
* {{ja-r|通%学 鞄|つう%がく かばん}}
* {{ja-r|手鞄|てかばん}}
* {{ja-r|手%鞄|て%かばん}}
* {{ja-r|手提げ鞄|てさげかばん}}
* {{ja-r|手%提げ鞄|て%さげ かばん}}
* {{ja-r|中%折れ鞄|なか%おれ かばん}}
{{der-bottom}}
{{bottom}}


====Descendants====
====Descendants====
* {{desc|ko|가방}}
* {{desc|nan-hbl|kha-báng|bor=1}}
* {{desc|nan|kha-báng}}
* {{desc|ko|가방|bor=1}}


===References===
===References===
<references/>
<references/>


[[Category:ja:Bags|かばん]]
{{C|ja|Bags|sort=かばん}}

----


==Korean==
==Korean==
Line 98: Line 96:


# {{rfdef|ko|sort=革05}}
# {{rfdef|ko|sort=革05}}

----


==Vietnamese==
==Vietnamese==


===Han character===
===Han character===
{{vi-readings|reading=[[bào]]; [[bạc]]|rs=革05}}
{{vi-readings|rs=革05
|hanviet=bào, bạc
}}


# {{rfdef|vi|sort=革05}}
# {{rfdef|vi|sort=革05}}

Latest revision as of 19:24, 27 March 2024

鞄 U+9784, &#38788;
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9784
← 鞃
[U+9783] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鞅 →
[U+9785]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order

Han character

[edit]

鞄 (Kangxi radical 177, 革+5, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿十心口山 (TJPRU), four-corner 47512, composition ⿰革包)

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1386, character 38
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42781
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1901, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4331, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+9784

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 鞄

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 鞄
Spring and Autumn Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
袍 *buː
袌 *buː, *buːs
軳 *buː
抱 *buːʔ
勽 *buːs, *mɯnʔ
菢 *buːs
勹 *pruː
包 *pruː
胞 *pruː, *pʰruː
苞 *pruː
枹 *pruː, *bu, *bu
飽 *pruːʔ
泡 *pʰruː, *m̥ʰruːs, *bruː
炮 *pʰruːs, *bruː
皰 *pʰruːs, *bruːs
疱 *pʰruːs, *bruːs
跑 *bruː, *bruːɡ
咆 *bruː
庖 *bruː
匏 *bruː
刨 *bruː
狍 *bruː
炰 *bruː
鉋 *bruː, *bruːs
瓟 *bruː, *bruːɡ
颮 *bruː, *pʰruːɡ
鞄 *bruː, *bruːʔ, *bruːs, *pʰruːɡ
鮑 *bruːʔ
骲 *bruːʔ, *bruːs, *bruːɡ, *pʰoːɡ
玸 *bu
雹 *bruːɡ
窇 *bruːɡ

革 (“leather”) + 包.

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 鞄 鞄 鞄 鞄
Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4
Initial (聲) 並 (3) 並 (3) 並 (3) 滂 (2)
Final (韻) 肴 (90) 肴 (90) 肴 (90) 覺 (10)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open Open
Division (等) II II II II
Fanqie 薄交切 薄巧切 防敎切 匹角切
Baxter baew baewX baewH phaewk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bˠau/ /bˠauX/ /bˠauH/ /pʰˠʌk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bᵚau/ /bᵚauX/ /bᵚauH/ /pʰᵚɔk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/bau/ /bauX/ /bauH/ /pʰɔk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/baɨw/ /baɨwX/ /baɨwH/ /pʰaɨwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/bau/ /bauX/ /bauH/ /pʰɔk̚/
Wang
Li 		/bau/ /bauX/ /bauH/ /pʰɔk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/bʱau/ /bʱauX/ /bʱauH/ /pʰɔk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		páo bào bào po
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		paau4 baau6 baau6 pok3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鞄 鞄 鞄 鞄
Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4
No. 295 299 302 309
Phonetic
component 		勹 勹 勹 勹
Rime
group 		幽 幽 幽 覺
Rime
subdivision 		1 1 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		庖 鮑 靤 璞
Old
Chinese 		/*bruː/ /*bruːʔ/ /*bruːs/ /*pʰruːɡ/

Definitions

[edit]

鞄

  1. to work hides
  2. leather bag

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
鞄

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]
Kanji in this term
鞄
かばん
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Possibly derived from Chinese 夾板／夹板 (jiābǎn) or 夾槾／夹槾 (jiāmàn, “boards for pressing or holding things together”),[1][2] modern Min Nan reading kiap-pán. Another proposed etymology is Dutch Dutch kabas (“bag”), likely introduced through the Japanese-Dutch trade during the Edo period.

The original meaning of the kanji 鞄 referred to tanned leather or a tanner who produces such material. The native reading (kun'yomi) kaban only appears from the Meiji period (1868–1912).[2]

First attested with this reading to a work from 1877;[2] over the period of roughly 1877–1887, this word grew in popularity and displaced the previous term 胴乱 (dōran, “satchel”).[2][3]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

鞄(かばん) • (kaban) 

  1. [from 1877] a bag, satchel, briefcase, or handbag (often made of leather or canvas)
    Synonym: (archaic) 胴乱 (dōran)

Derived terms

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
  • → Hokkien: kha-báng
  • → Korean: 가방 (gabang)

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ^ “鞄”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

鞄 (eum 포 (po))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

鞄: Hán Việt readings: bào, bạc

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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