شام
Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]شَام • (šām) m
- Only used in الشَّام (aš-šām)
Etymology 2
[edit]Root |
---|
ش ي م (š y m) |
6 terms |
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]شَامَ • (šāma) I, non-past يَشِيمُ (yašīmu)
Conjugation
[edit]verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
šaym | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
šāʔim | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mašīm | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šimtu |
šimta |
شَامَ šāma |
šimtumā |
šāmā |
šimnā |
šimtum |
šāmū | |||
f | šimti |
šāmat |
šāmatā |
šimtunna |
šimna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔašīmu |
tašīmu |
yašīmu |
tašīmāni |
yašīmāni |
našīmu |
tašīmūna |
yašīmūna | |||
f | tašīmīna |
tašīmu |
tašīmāni |
tašimna |
yašimna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔašīma |
tašīma |
yašīma |
tašīmā |
yašīmā |
našīma |
tašīmū |
yašīmū | |||
f | tašīmī |
tašīma |
tašīmā |
tašimna |
yašimna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔašim |
tašim |
yašim |
tašīmā |
yašīmā |
našim |
tašīmū |
yašīmū | |||
f | tašīmī |
tašim |
tašīmā |
tašimna |
yašimna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | šim |
šīmā |
šīmū |
||||||||
f | šīmī |
šimna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šimtu |
šimta |
šīma |
šimtumā |
šīmā |
šimnā |
šimtum |
šīmū | |||
f | šimti |
šīmat |
šīmatā |
šimtunna |
šimna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔušāmu |
tušāmu |
yušāmu |
tušāmāni |
yušāmāni |
nušāmu |
tušāmūna |
yušāmūna | |||
f | tušāmīna |
tušāmu |
tušāmāni |
tušamna |
yušamna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔušāma |
tušāma |
yušāma |
tušāmā |
yušāmā |
nušāma |
tušāmū |
yušāmū | |||
f | tušāmī |
tušāma |
tušāmā |
tušamna |
yušamna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔušam |
tušam |
yušam |
tušāmā |
yušāmā |
nušam |
tušāmū |
yušāmū | |||
f | tušāmī |
tušam |
tušāmā |
tušamna |
yušamna |
Verb
[edit]شَامَمَ or شَامَّ • (šāmma or šāmama) III, non-past يُشَامُّ or يُشَامِمُ (yušāmmu or yušāmimu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Conjugation
[edit]verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
mušāmma or mušāmama | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
mušāmm or mušāmim | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mušāmm or mušāmam | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šāmamtu |
šāmamta |
شَامَّ or شَامَمَ šāmma or šāmama |
šāmamtumā |
šāmmā or šāmamā |
šāmamnā |
šāmamtum |
šāmmū or šāmamū | |||
f | šāmamti |
šāmmat or šāmamat |
šāmmatā or šāmamatā |
šāmamtunna |
šāmamna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔušāmmu or ʔušāmimu |
tušāmmu or tušāmimu |
yušāmmu or yušāmimu |
tušāmmāni or tušāmimāni |
yušāmmāni or yušāmimāni |
nušāmmu or nušāmimu |
tušāmmūna or tušāmimūna |
yušāmmūna or yušāmimūna | |||
f | tušāmmīna or tušāmimīna |
tušāmmu or tušāmimu |
tušāmmāni or tušāmimāni |
tušāmimna |
yušāmimna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔušāmma or ʔušāmima |
tušāmma or tušāmima |
yušāmma or yušāmima |
tušāmmā or tušāmimā |
yušāmmā or yušāmimā |
nušāmma or nušāmima |
tušāmmū or tušāmimū |
yušāmmū or yušāmimū | |||
f | tušāmmī or tušāmimī |
tušāmma or tušāmima |
tušāmmā or tušāmimā |
tušāmimna |
yušāmimna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔušāmma or ʔušāmmi or ʔušāmim |
tušāmma or tušāmmi or tušāmim |
yušāmma or yušāmmi or yušāmim |
tušāmmā or tušāmimā |
yušāmmā or yušāmimā |
nušāmma or nušāmmi or nušāmim |
tušāmmū or tušāmimū |
yušāmmū or yušāmimū | |||
f | tušāmmī or tušāmimī |
tušāmma or tušāmmi or tušāmim |
tušāmmā or tušāmimā |
tušāmimna |
yušāmimna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | šāmma or šāmmi or šāmim |
šāmmā or šāmimā |
šāmmū or šāmimū |
||||||||
f | šāmmī or šāmimī |
šāmimna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šūmimtu |
šūmimta |
šūmima |
šūmimtumā |
šūmimā |
šūmimnā |
šūmimtum |
šūmimū | |||
f | šūmimti |
šūmimat |
šūmimatā |
šūmimtunna |
šūmimna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔušāmmu or ʔušāmamu |
tušāmmu or tušāmamu |
yušāmmu or yušāmamu |
tušāmmāni or tušāmamāni |
yušāmmāni or yušāmamāni |
nušāmmu or nušāmamu |
tušāmmūna or tušāmamūna |
yušāmmūna or yušāmamūna | |||
f | tušāmmīna or tušāmamīna |
tušāmmu or tušāmamu |
tušāmmāni or tušāmamāni |
tušāmamna |
yušāmamna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔušāmma or ʔušāmama |
tušāmma or tušāmama |
yušāmma or yušāmama |
tušāmmā or tušāmamā |
yušāmmā or yušāmamā |
nušāmma or nušāmama |
tušāmmū or tušāmamū |
yušāmmū or yušāmamū | |||
f | tušāmmī or tušāmamī |
tušāmma or tušāmama |
tušāmmā or tušāmamā |
tušāmamna |
yušāmamna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔušāmma or ʔušāmmi or ʔušāmam |
tušāmma or tušāmmi or tušāmam |
yušāmma or yušāmmi or yušāmam |
tušāmmā or tušāmamā |
yušāmmā or yušāmamā |
nušāmma or nušāmmi or nušāmam |
tušāmmū or tušāmamū |
yušāmmū or yušāmamū | |||
f | tušāmmī or tušāmamī |
tušāmma or tušāmmi or tušāmam |
tušāmmā or tušāmamā |
tušāmamna |
yušāmamna |
References
[edit]- Freytag, Georg (1833) “شام”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 473
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “شام”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[2], London: Williams & Norgate, page 1634
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “شام”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[3] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 690
Burushaski
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Urdu شام (śām), from Classical Persian شَام (šām).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]شام (śaam)
References
[edit]- Bechtholdt, Astrid (2024) “shaam”, in Burushaski Hunza Dictionary (Webonary) (in Burushaski), Dallas, Texas, USA: SIL International, published 2017: “(in Latin script)”.
Gujarati
[edit]Noun
[edit]شام • (śām) f (Lisan ud-Dawat)
- Arabic spelling of શામ (śām)
Noun
[edit]شام • (śām) m (Lisan ud-Dawat)
- Arabic spelling of શામ (śām)
Proper noun
[edit]شام • (śām) m (Lisan ud-Dawat)
- Arabic spelling of શામ (śām)
Khalaj
[edit]Noun
[edit]شام (şâm) (definite accusative شامؽ, plural شاملار)
Declension
[edit]Ottoman Turkish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic الشَّام (aš-šām).
Proper noun
[edit]شام • (Şâm)
- Damascus (the capital of Syria)
- (historical) Syria (an eyalet in the Ottoman Empire)
- (historical) Syria (a vilayet in the Ottoman Empire)
Synonyms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Turkish: Şam
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]شام • (şâm)
Descendants
[edit]- Turkish: şam
References
[edit]- Mallouf, Nassif (1856) “Damas”, in Dictionnaire français-turc, 2nd edition, Paris: Maisonneuve, page 146
- Sezen, Tahir (2017) “Şâm”, in Osmanlı Yer Adları [Ottoman Place Names][4], 2nd edition, Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, page 711
Persian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʃɑːm]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʃɒːm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʃɔm]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | šām |
Dari reading? | šām |
Iranian reading? | šâm |
Tajik reading? | šom |
Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Iranian *xšáfnyah.
Noun
[edit]Dari | شام |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | шом |
شام • (šâm)
- dinner, supper (evening meal)
- برای شام چی داریم؟ (more literary) ― barâ-ye šâm či dârim? ― What do we have for dinner?
- شام چی داریم؟ (more colloquial) ― šâm či dârim? ― What do we have for dinner?
- (archaic) dusk
- (archaic) evening
- Synonym: عصر ('asr)
Related terms
[edit]- شب (šab)
Descendants
[edit]- → Azerbaijani: şam
- → Gujarati: شام (shām)
- → Hindustani:
- → Khalaj: şâm
- → Ottoman Turkish: شام (şâm)
- Turkish: şam
Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic شَام (šām).
Proper noun
[edit]Dari | شام |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | Шом |
شام • (šâm)
- Greater Syria, the Levant (a region of Western Asia)
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 89:
- سوی شامست این نشان و این خبر / در ره قدسش ببینی در گذر
- suy-e šâm-ast in nešân o in xabar / dar rah-e qods-aš be-bini dar gozar
- This sign and this information lies in the direction of Syria: you will see it as you pass on the way to Jerusalem.
- Damascus (the capital city of Syria)
- Synonym: دمشق (damešq)
Descendants
[edit]- → Urdu: شام (śām)
Soqotri
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- شهام (šhɛm)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Semitic *šim-. Akin to Mehri [script needed] (hemm), Shehri [script needed] (šum).
Noun
[edit]شام (šɛm) m (dual شامي (šɛ́mi), plural شاهم (šóhom))
- name
- 2014, “A Merciful Woman and Diheko”, in Vitaly Naumkin, compiler, Corpus of Soqotri Oral Literature, volume 1, page 144, line 5:
- ويهاه ملاك وميه شام دحاكو.
- wa-yhe maľák wa-məy šɛm diḥéko
- He was an angel, and his name was Diheko.
References
[edit]- Naumkin, Vitaly, et al. (2014) “Glossary”, in Corpus of Soqotri Oral Literature, volume 1, Leiden: Brill, , →ISBN, page 660
- Naumkin, Vitaly, et al. (2018) “Glossary”, in Corpus of Soqotri Oral Literature, volume 2, Leiden: Brill, , →ISBN, page 593
- Leslau, Wolf (1938) “šem”, in Lexique Soqotri (sudarabique moderne) avec comparaisons et explications étymologiques (in French), Wiesbaden: Libraire C. Klincksieck, page 418
Urdu
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian شام (šām).
Noun
[edit]شام • (śām) f (Hindi spelling शाम)
Declension
[edit]Declension of شام | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
direct | شام (śām) | شامیں (śāmẽ) |
oblique | شام (śām) | شاموں (śāmõ) |
vocative | شام (śām) | شامو (śāmo) |
References
[edit]- “شام”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “شام”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
Etymology 2
[edit]Picture dictionary | |
---|---|
|
Picture dictionary | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Borrowed from Classical Persian شام (šām, “Greater Syria; Levant”), from Arabic الشَّام (aš-šām, “Levant; Damascus”).
Proper noun
[edit]شام • (śām) m (Hindi spelling शाम)
- Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)
- (by extension) Greater Syria, the Levant (a region of Western Asia, in the Middle East)
See also
[edit]- (Middle East) مَشْرِقِ وُسْطیٰ (maśriq-i vustā); سَعُودی عَرَب (sa'ūdī 'arab), مِصْر (misr) عِراق ('irāq), اِیران (īrān), اُرْدُن (urdun), شام (śām), تُرْکِیَہ (turkiya), قِبْرِص (qibris) فِلِسْطِین (filistīn) اِسْرائِیل (isrāīl) لِبْنان (libnān) یَمَن (yaman) عُمان ('umān) مُتَّحِدَہ عَرَب اِمارات (muttahida 'arab imārāt) قَطَر (qatar) بَحْرِین (bahrīn) کُوَیت (kuvait) (Category: ur:Middle East)
Uyghur
[edit]Other scripts | |
---|---|
Perso-Arabic | شام |
Latin | Sham |
Cyrillic | Шам |
Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]شام • (sham) (plural شاملار (shamlar))
- Damascus (the capital city of Syria)
- Greater Syria, the Levant (a region of Western Asia, in the Middle East)
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic proper nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ش ي م
- Arabic 2-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic hollow verbs by conjugation
- Arabic hollow form-I verbs
- Arabic hollow verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs with ي as second radical
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic transitive verbs
- Arabic form-III verbs
- Arabic geminate verbs by conjugation
- Arabic geminate form-III verbs
- Arabic geminate verbs
- Burushaski terms borrowed from Urdu
- Burushaski terms derived from Urdu
- Burushaski terms derived from Classical Persian
- Burushaski terms with IPA pronunciation
- Burushaski lemmas
- Burushaski nouns
- Burushaski terms with quotations
- bsk:Time
- Gujarati lemmas
- Gujarati nouns
- Gujarati feminine nouns
- Lisan ud-Dawat Gujarati
- Gujarati terms in Arabic script
- Gujarati masculine nouns
- Khalaj lemmas
- Khalaj nouns
- Khalaj terms in Arabic script
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish proper nouns
- ota:Cities in Syria
- ota:National capitals
- ota:Places in Syria
- Ottoman Turkish terms with historical senses
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Persian
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Persian
- Ottoman Turkish nouns
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- Persian terms with usage examples
- Persian terms with archaic senses
- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from Arabic
- Persian proper nouns
- fa:Regions of Asia
- Persian terms with quotations
- fa:Cities in Syria
- fa:National capitals
- fa:Places in Syria
- Soqotri terms inherited from Proto-Semitic
- Soqotri terms derived from Proto-Semitic
- Soqotri lemmas
- Soqotri nouns
- Soqotri masculine nouns
- Soqotri terms with quotations
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Urdu terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Urdu/ɑːm
- Rhymes:Urdu/ɑːm/1 syllable
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu feminine nouns
- Urdu nouns with declension
- Visual dictionary
- Urdu terms derived from Arabic
- Urdu terms derived from the Arabic root ش م ل
- Urdu proper nouns
- Urdu masculine nouns
- ur:Syria
- ur:Countries in Asia
- ur:Countries
- ur:Regions of Asia
- ur:Middle East
- ur:Times of day
- ur:Time
- Uyghur terms derived from Arabic
- Uyghur 1-syllable words
- Uyghur terms with IPA pronunciation
- Uyghur lemmas
- Uyghur proper nouns
- Uyghur countable proper nouns
- ug:Cities in Syria
- ug:National capitals
- ug:Places in Syria
- ug:Regions of Asia