捕食：修订间差异

伏击捕食者（ambush predator）通常利用[[伪装 (动物学)|伪装]]（[[保护色|迷彩]]和[[拟态]]）和隐蔽性（利用低光环境、或藏于周边的[[洞穴]]、[[植被]]和[[水体]]内）来缩短与猎物之间的距离（被动等待猎物靠近、用诱饵吸引猎物<ref name="MooreBiewener2015">{{cite journal | last1=Moore | first1=Talia Y. | last2=Biewener | first2=Andrew A. | title=Outrun or Outmaneuver: Predator–Prey Interactions as a Model System for Integrating Biomechanical Studies in a Broader Ecological and Evolutionary Context | journal=Integrative and Comparative Biology | date=2015 | doi=10.1093/icb/icv074 |url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/25858000/MooreICB2015_Preprint.pdf?sequence=1 | pmid=26117833 | volume=55| issue=6 | pages=1188–97 | doi-access=free }}</ref>、或悄悄主动靠近猎物），然后出其不意的突然发动爆发式的攻击在短时间内擒杀目标<ref name=deVries>{{cite journal |author=deVries, M. S. |author2=Murphy, E. A. K. |author3=Patek S. N. |title=Strike mechanics of an ambush predator: the spearing mantis shrimp |year=2012 |journal=Journal of Experimental Biology |volume=215 |issue=Pt 24 |pages=4374–4384 |doi=10.1242/jeb.075317 |pmid=23175528|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="MooreBiewener2015"/>。绝大多数[[无脊椎动物]]（包括[[螳螂]]、[[蜘蛛]]、[[蝎子]]、[[有爪动物]]、[[虾蛄]]、[[博比特虫]]、[[水母]]等）都是伏击捕食者 <ref name=deVries/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Liphistius |title=Trapdoor spiders |publisher=BBC |access-date=12 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_trapdoor_spider.php|access-date=12 December 2014 |title=Trapdoor spider |publisher=Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum |year=2014}}</ref>，而[[脊椎动物]]中部分[[鱼类]]（比如[[扁鲨]]、[[狗鱼]]、[[梭鱼]]、[[鳗鱼]]、[[鮟鱇]]和[[拟蟾鱼]]等<ref name="MooreBiewener2015"/><ref name="WhosWho">{{cite web |url=http://www.hww.ca/hww2.asp?pid=1&id=87&cid=8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070518235841/http://www.hww.ca/hww2.asp?pid=1&id=87&cid=8 |archive-date=18 May 2007 |title=Cougar |website=Hinterland Who's Who |access-date=22 May 2007 |publisher=[[Canadian Wildlife Service]] and [[Canadian Wildlife Federation]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pikes (Esocidae) |url=https://www.in.gov/dnr/fishwild/files/fw-pikes.pdf |publisher=Indiana Division of Fish and Wildlife |access-date=3 September 2018}}</ref><ref name=fishes>{{cite web |last1=Bray |first1=Dianne |title=Eastern Frogfish, Batrachomoeus dubius |url=http://www.fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/2835 |website=Fishes of Australia |access-date=14 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914181407/http://www.fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/2835 |archive-date=14 September 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>）、[[蛙类]]、[[爬行动物]]（[[鳄类]]、[[蛇类]]、一些[[蜥蜴]]等）以及一些陆生[[哺乳动物]]（比如大部分[[猫科动物]]和[[熊]]类）。大部分伏击捕食者是单独行动的[[投機主義#生物机会主义|投机主义者]]，其中一些有较强的[[领域 (动物)|领地]]意识。