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第54行： == 背景 == === 政治局勢 === 原雅加達首都特區省長[[佐科·維多多]]在[[2014年印度尼西亞總統選舉\|2014年7月的總統選舉]]中擊敗前[[印度尼西亞國民軍\|國民軍]]將領[[普拉博沃·蘇比安托]]，當選第7任[[印度尼西亞總統\|印尼總統]]；當時激進[[穆斯林]]嘗試利用身分政治議題令佐科落選，但是不成功<ref name=sentinel/>。起初普拉博沃認為投票和點票的程序並不妥當，並向{{en-link\|印度尼西亞共和國憲法法院\|Constitutional Court of Indonesia\|憲法法院}}提出上訴，但是在8月被駁回。佐科在同年10月20日就任總統，{{en-link\|工作內閣\|Working Cabinet (Joko Widodo)\|他的內閣}}也在同月26日宣誓就職。不過，支持普拉博沃的五個政黨在[[2014年印度尼西亞立法機構選舉\|2014年4月的立法選舉]]中獲得[[人民協商會議]]（立法機構）過半數席次，與佐科內閣構成對立局面<ref>{{cite book\|author1={{lang\|ja\|川村晃一}}\|author2={{lang\|ja\|濱田美紀}}\|script-title=ja:アジア動向年報 : 2015\|publisher={{lang\|ja\|日本貿易振興機構アジア経済研究所研究支援部}}\|location=千葉市\|date=2015-05\|script-chapter=ja:ジョコ・ウィドド新政権の船出 : 2014年のインドネシア\|isbn=978-4-258-01015-8\|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2344/00002808\|accessdate=2019-04-11\|language=ja\|title=\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915093024/https://ir.ide.go.jp/?action=pages_view_main&active_action=repository_view_main_item_detail&item_id=38298&item_no=1&page_id=39&block_id=158\|archive-date=2019-09-15\|dead-url=no}}</ref>。後來佐科成功遊說[[專業集團黨]]和{{en-link\|建設統一黨\|United Development Party}}加入政府，改變這個形勢<ref>{{cite news \|title=Jokowi vs. Prabowo: Who Will Win in 2019? \|url=http://insight.jakartaglobe.id/jokowi-vs-prabowo-who-will-win-in-2019/ \|accessdate=2018-09-24 \|work=Jakarta Globe \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217230714/http://insight.jakartaglobe.id/jokowi-vs-prabowo-who-will-win-in-2019/ \|archive-date=2018-02-17 \|dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|last1=Chandran \|first1=Nyshka \|title=Two years on, Indonesian President Jokowi is just getting started \|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/10/18/indonesian-president-jokowi-celebrates-2-years-in-office-with-an-eye-on-2019-vote.html \|accessdate=2018-09-24 \|work=CNBC \|date=2016-10-18 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825143217/https://www.cnbc.com/2016/10/18/indonesian-president-jokowi-celebrates-2-years-in-office-with-an-eye-on-2019-vote.html \|archive-date=2018-08-25 \|dead-url=no }}</ref>。佐科擔任總統期間，印尼先後在{{en-link\|2015年印度尼西亞地方選舉\|2015 Indonesian local elections\|2015年}}、{{en-link\|2017年印度尼西亞地方選舉\|2017 Indonesian local elections\|2017年}}和{{en-link\|2018年印度尼西亞地方選舉\|2018 Indonesian local elections\|2018年}}舉行了三輪地方選舉。在2017年改選省長的省區包括{{en-link\|2017年雅加達省長選舉\|2017 Jakarta gubernatorial election\|雅加達}}，當年佐科的前副手，原雅加達首都特區省長[[鍾萬學]]被激進穆斯林指控褻瀆[[伊斯蘭教]]，之後他不但被[[阿尼斯·巴斯威丹]]擊敗，無法連任，還被法院裁定褻瀆宗教罪成，判處監禁兩年<ref>{{cite news\|title=Fears of Muslim Identity Politics in 2019 Presidential Election\|url=http://insight.jakartaglobe.id/fears-muslim-identity-politics-2019-presidential-election/\|accessdate=2018-09-24\|work=Jakarta Globe\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107200828/http://insight.jakartaglobe.id/fears-muslim-identity-politics-2019-presidential-election/\|archive-date=2018-01-07\|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=sentinel>{{cite news \|title='Political Islam' Threatens Indonesia's Jokowi - Asia Sentinel \|url=https://www.asiasentinel.com/politics/political-islam-threaten-indonesia-jokowi/ \|accessdate=2018-09-24 \|work=Asia Sentinel \|date=2018-04-09 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205004811/https://www.asiasentinel.com/politics/political-islam-threaten-indonesia-jokowi/ \|archive-date=2018-12-05 \|dead-url=no }}</ref>。雖然宗教因素在2018年地方選舉沒有消失，不過相比起宗教和種族身分，公眾比較看重候選人過往的政績<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Allard \|first1=Tom \|title=Islamists fail to sway regional Indonesian elections \|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-indonesia-elections-islamists/islamists-fail-to-sway-regional-indonesian-elections-idUSKBN1JO1GI \|accessdate=2018-12-04 \|work=Reuters \|date=2018-06-28 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105201430/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-indonesia-elections-islamists/islamists-fail-to-sway-regional-indonesian-elections-idUSKBN1JO1GI \|archive-date=2019-01-05 \|dead-url=no }}</ref>。第1,044行：選舉結束後，佐科在4月18日召開記者會，宣稱民調機構的快速計票結果顯示自己以54.5%的得票率勝出。不久後，普拉博沃也按照他們競選團隊進行的調查，宣稱自己以62%的得票率勝出<ref>{{cite news \|author1=Karlis Salna \|author2=Arys Aditya \|title=Jokowi Claims Win in Indonesia Vote as Challenger Disputes Tally \|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-18/jokowi-claims-win-in-indonesia-vote-as-challenger-disputes-tally \|accessdate=2019-04-19 \|work=Bloomberg \|date=2019-04-18 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418115900/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-18/jokowi-claims-win-in-indonesia-vote-as-challenger-disputes-tally \|archive-date=2019-04-18 \|dead-url=no}}</ref>，並批評民調機構立場偏頗<ref>{{cite news \|author=Made Anthony Iswara \|author2=Nurul Fitri Ramadhani \|title=Prabowo claims election lead, accuses pollsters of being 'partisan' \|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/04/17/prabowo-claims-election-lead-accuses-pollsters-of-being-partisan.html \|accessdate=2019-04-17 \|work=The Jakarta Post \|date=2019-04-17 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417174419/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/04/17/prabowo-claims-election-lead-accuses-pollsters-of-being-partisan.html \|archive-date=2019-04-17 \|dead-url=no}}</ref> ，不過智庫組織「印尼公共研究院」（Indonesian Public Institute）認為普拉博沃團隊進行的調查並不符合實際的點票率，因此結果並不合理<ref>{{cite news \|author=Friski Riana \|editor=Tulus Wijanarko \|title=IPI: Data Klaim Menang Prabowo Tidak Proporsional dengan KPU \|url=https://pilpres.tempo.co/read/1199326/ipi-data-klaim-menang-prabowo-tidak-proporsional-dengan-kpu \|accessdate=2019-05-21 \|work=Tempo \|location=Jakarta \|date=2019-04-25 \|language=id \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428142340/https://pilpres.tempo.co/read/1199326/ipi-data-klaim-menang-prabowo-tidak-proporsional-dengan-kpu \|archive-date=2019-04-28 \|dead-url=no }}</ref>。選舉結果公布當日（5月21日），佐科在[[中雅加達行政市]]一個貧民區發表勝利演說，向國民承諾自己和馬魯夫就任正、副總統之後，將致力為全體印尼人民實現社會公義。不過普拉博沃陣營表明，由於選委會不接受他們的改進提議，所以他們不會接受選舉結果，並呼籲支持者走上街頭，抗議選舉結果<ref name=wahyudi>{{cite news \|author1=Wahyudi Soeriaatmadja \|last2=Chan \|first2=Francis \|title=Indonesian presidential candidate Prabowo rejects election result, will challenge it in Constitutional Court \|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/prabowo-after-defeat-says-will-not-accept-indonesia-election-result \|accessdate=2019-05-21 \|work=The Straits Times \|publisher=Singapore Press Holdings \|date=2019-05-21 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521115921/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/prabowo-after-defeat-says-will-not-accept-indonesia-election-result \|archive-date=2019-05-21 \|dead-url=no }}</ref>。結果其支持者在雅加達舉行的[[2019年雅加達示威及騷亂\|示威演變成一場持續兩天的騷亂]]，造成8人死亡，737人受傷<ref>{{cite news \|author=Yulida Medistiara \|title=Anies: 8 Orang Meninggal Dunia dalam Aksi 21-22 Mei \|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4562242/anies-8-orang-meninggal-dunia-dalam-aksi-21-22-mei \|accessdate=2019-05-23 \|work=detikNews \|location=Jakarta \|date=2019-05-23 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523153107/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4562242/anies-8-orang-meninggal-dunia-dalam-aksi-21-22-mei \|archive-date=2019-05-23 \|dead-url=no }}</ref>。事後警方認為騷亂由收受金錢的不法分子和[[伊斯蘭國]]支持者主導<ref>{{cite news \|author=Linda Yulisman \|title=Indonesia's police reveal murder plots targeting state officials \|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/indonesias-police-reveal-murder-plots-targeting-state-officials \|accessdate=2019-05-27 \|work=The Straits Times \|location=Jakarta \|publisher=Singapore Press Holdings \|date=2019-05-27\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527231859/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/indonesias-police-reveal-murder-plots-targeting-state-officials\|archivedate=2019-05-27}}</ref>。另外，反對派支持者也在[[北蘇門答臘省]][[棉蘭\|棉蘭市]]、[[西加里曼丹省]][[坤甸\|坤甸市]]舉行集會，抗議選舉結果<ref>{{cite news \|title=印尼警方：效忠伊国组织人士参与雅加达骚乱图发起圣战 \|url=https://www.zaobao.com/news/sea/story20190524-958940 \|accessdate=2019-05-25 \|work=联合早报 \|publisher=新加坡报业控股 \|location=雅加達 \|date=2019-05-24 \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525133122/https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/sea/story20190524-958940 \|archivedate=2019-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=Post-election unrest grips Jakarta \|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/05/22/post-election-unrest-grips-jakarta.html \|accessdate=2019-05-22 \|work=The Jakarta Post \|date=2019-05-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522224051/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/05/22/post-election-unrest-grips-jakarta.html \|archive-date=2019-05-22 \|dead-url=no }}</ref>。普拉博沃在5月14日宣布他的團隊已經收集到了「選舉不法行為」的證據<ref>{{cite news \|last=Chan \|first=Francis \|title=Indonesia elections: Prabowo alleges fraud, says he will reject official vote tally \|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/indonesia-elections-prabowo-alleges-fraud-says-he-will-reject-official-vote-tally \|accessdate=2019-05-22 \|work=The Straits Times \|publisher=Singapore Press Holdings \|location=Jakarta \|date=2019-05-15 \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529173220/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/indonesia-elections-prabowo-alleges-fraud-says-he-will-reject-official-vote-tally \|archivedate=2019-05-29}}</ref>，並於5月25日以選舉舞弊為由，向憲法法院提出上訴。他們收集到的證據包括佐科陣營利用金錢政治操控選舉的證明，投給佐科的問題選票，以及有問題的選民名單<ref>{{cite news \|author1=Ghina Ghaliya Quddus \|author2=Marguerite Afra Sapiie \|title=Prabowo takes poll fight to court \|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/05/25/prabowo-takes-poll-fight-to-court.html \|date=2019-05-25 \|accessdate=2019-06-06 \|work=The Jakarta Post\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606112400/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/05/25/prabowo-takes-poll-fight-to-court.html\|archivedate=2019-06-06}}</ref>。憲法法院在6月27日以證據不足為由，一致裁定普拉博沃敗訴<ref>{{cite news\|author1=Marguerite Afra Sapiie\|author2=Karina Tehusijarana\|author3=Ghina Ghaliya\|title=Case closed\|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/06/28/case-closed.html\|work=The Jakarta Post\|p=1\|subscription=yes\|date=2019-06-27\|accessdate=2019-06-27~~\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712141717/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/06/28/case-closed.html\|archive-date=2019-07-12\|dead-url=no~~}}</ref>。 == 備註 ==

2019年印度尼西亞總統選舉：修订间差异