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图兹拉：修订间差异

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{{NoteTA
{{coor title dm|44|37|N|18|40|E}}
|T=zh-cn:图兹拉;zh-hk:圖茲拉;zh-tw:土茲拉;
[[Image:Tuzla Municipality Location.png|right|250px]]
|1=zh-cn:图兹拉;zh-hk:圖茲拉;zh-tw:土茲拉;
'''图兹拉'''（[[波斯尼亚语]]：'''{{lang|bs|Tuzla}}'''）位于[[波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那]]东北部，是[[波黑联邦]][[图兹拉州]]的首府，人口131,000（[[1991年]]）。
}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = 图兹拉
| native_name = Tuzla
| native_name_lang = bs
| settlement_type = [[波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那城市列表|城市]]
| image_skyline = TZJZN MAG05 (cropped).jpg
| image_caption = 市容
| image_flag = Flag of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg
| flag_size = 125px
| image_shield = Coat of arms of Tuzla.svg
| shield_size = 70px
| etymology =
| image_map = Location Tuzla.svg
| map_caption = 图兹拉在波黑的位置
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = [[世界政區索引|国家]]
| subdivision_name = {{BIH}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納行政區劃|实体]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[波黑联邦]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那联邦州份|州]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[圖茲拉州]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| established_title1 =
| established_date1 =
| seat_type =
| seat =
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_note =
| area_total_km2 = 294
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_as_of = 2013年
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Naseljena Mjesta 1991/2013|url=http://www.statistika.ba/?show=12&id=11525|publisher=Statistical Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina|accessdate=2021-12-19|language=bs}}</ref>
| population_total = 110,979
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note =
| timezone1 = [[欧洲中部时间|CET]]
| utc_offset1 = +1
| timezone1_DST = [[欧洲中部夏令时间|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST = +2
| postal_code_type = 邮政编码
| postal_code = 75000
| area_code_type = 电话区号
| area_code = +387 35
| iso_code =
| website = {{URL|https://grad.tuzla.ba/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''图兹拉'''<ref name="cnki"/>（{{lang-bs|Tuzla}}）是[[波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那]]实体之一[[波黑联邦]][[圖茲拉州]]的[[波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那城市列表|城市]]及[[波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那市镇|市镇]]，为同名州的州府。市镇面积为294平方公里，2013年人口数量为110,979人，为波黑第三大城市。


== 人口 ==
{{SEurope-stub}}
2013年人口普查时图兹拉市内共有110,979名居民：
*80,774 (72.78%) – [[波士尼亞克人|波族]]
*15,396 (13.87%) – [[波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納的克羅埃西亞人|克族]]
*3,378 (3.04%) – [[波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納的塞爾維亞人|塞族]]
*11,431 (10.30%) – 其他及未知


== 气候 ==
[[Category:波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那城市|T]]
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location = 图兹拉 (1991-2020, 极端值：1961-2020){{efn-lr|下午湿度在当地时间14:00测量}}
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 21.0
|Feb record high C = 25.3
|Mar record high C = 30.0
|Apr record high C = 33.0
|May record high C = 34.2
|Jun record high C = 37.2
|Jul record high C = 40.7
|Aug record high C = 40.5
|Sep record high C = 38.2
|Oct record high C = 31.0
|Nov record high C = 26.6
|Dec record high C = 21.6
|year record high C = 40.7
| Jan avg record high C = 12.7
| Feb avg record high C = 14.0
| Mar avg record high C = 17.7
| Apr avg record high C = 23.5
| May avg record high C = 26.2
| Jun avg record high C = 30.4
| Jul avg record high C = 31.8
| Aug avg record high C = 33.1
| Sep avg record high C = 28.6
| Oct avg record high C = 22.7
| Nov avg record high C = 17.9
| Dec avg record high C = 9.7
| year avg record high C =
|Jan high C = 5.5
|Feb high C = 8.2
|Mar high C = 13.1
|Apr high C = 18.2
|May high C = 22.6
|Jun high C = 26.1
|Jul high C = 28.3
|Aug high C = 28.8
|Sep high C = 23.5
|Oct high C = 18.7
|Nov high C = 12.5
|Dec high C = 6.0
|year high C =
|Jan mean C = 0.5
|Feb mean C = 2.4
|Mar mean C = 6.3
|Apr mean C = 11.0
|May mean C = 15.3
|Jun mean C = 18.8
|Jul mean C = 20.9
|Aug mean C = 20.5
|Sep mean C = 15.7
|Oct mean C = 11.1
|Nov mean C = 6.1
|Dec mean C = 1.3
|year mean C =
|Jan low C = -3.0
|Feb low C = -2.1
|Mar low C = 1.3
|Apr low C = 5.2
|May low C = 9.4
|Jun low C = 13.2
|Jul low C = 14.5
|Aug low C = 14.4
|Sep low C = 10.3
|Oct low C = 6.3
|Nov low C = 2.5
|Dec low C = -1.8
|year low C =
| Jan avg record low C = -9.8
| Feb avg record low C = -8.0
| Mar avg record low C = -2.5
| Apr avg record low C = -0.3
| May avg record low C = 7.1
| Jun avg record low C = 10.7
| Jul avg record low C = 12.4
| Aug avg record low C = 12.4
| Sep avg record low C = 8.1
| Oct avg record low C = 2.7
| Nov avg record low C = -1.5
| Dec avg record low C = -6.4
| year avg record low C =
|Jan record low C = -25.8
|Feb record low C = -22.0
|Mar record low C = -17.9
|Apr record low C = -6.6
|May record low C = -1.1
|Jun record low C = 4.0
|Jul record low C = 6.0
|Aug record low C = 5.3
|Sep record low C = -1.0
|Oct record low C = -8.0
|Nov record low C = -13.0
|Dec record low C = -19.0
|year record low C = -25.8
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 58.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 53.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 59.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 71.9
|May precipitation mm = 101.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 115.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 95.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 69.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 76.6
|Oct precipitation mm = 78.6
|Nov precipitation mm = 70.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 68.3
|year precipitation mm =
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 9.4
|Feb precipitation days = 9.3
|Mar precipitation days = 8.6
|Apr precipitation days = 9.8
|May precipitation days = 11.1
|Jun precipitation days = 11.1
|Jul precipitation days = 8.9
|Aug precipitation days = 6.8
|Sep precipitation days = 7.9
|Oct precipitation days = 8.5
|Nov precipitation days = 8.3
|Dec precipitation days = 9.8
|year precipitation days =
| Jan humidity =80.9
| Feb humidity =75.9
| Mar humidity =68.6
| Apr humidity =67.9
| May humidity =71.6
| Jun humidity =71.9
| Jul humidity =70.7
| Aug humidity =70.9
| Sep humidity =75.6
| Oct humidity =78
| Nov humidity =79.3
| Dec humidity =82.8
| year humidity =
| Jan afthumidity =73
| Feb afthumidity =65
| Mar afthumidity =54
| Apr afthumidity =56
| May afthumidity =56
| Jun afthumidity =57
| Jul afthumidity =56
| Aug afthumidity =55
| Sep afthumidity =58
| Oct afthumidity =63
| Nov afthumidity =68
| Dec afthumidity =76
| year afthumidity =
|Jan sun = 71.9
|Feb sun = 96.3
|Mar sun = 147.3
|Apr sun = 176.1
|May sun = 215.9
|Jun sun = 231
|Jul sun = 261.9
|Aug sun = 258.3
|Sep sun = 182
|Oct sun = 148.4
|Nov sun = 88.9
|Dec sun = 62.7
|year sun =
|source 1 = NOAA NCEI<ref name=NCEI>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/BosniaAndHerzegovina/XLS/TUZLA_14557.xls |title=World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Tuzla-14557 |website=ncei.noaa.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmosoheric Administration | access-date = 2024-03-12|no-pp=y |type=Excel |format=XLS |postscript=.}}</ref>


|source 2 = Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes 1961–2015, afternoon humidity at 14:00, 1973–1993)<ref name = DWD>{{cite web
[[bg:Тузла]]
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_145570_kt.pdf
[[bs:Tuzla]]
| title = Klimatafel von Tuzla / Bosnien und Herzegowina
[[cs:Tuzla]]
| work = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world
[[da:Tuzla]]
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
[[de:Tuzla]]
| language = de
[[en:Tuzla]]
| access-date = 22 November 2016}}</ref><ref name = DWDsun>{{cite web
[[eo:Tuzla]]
| url = ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/multi_annual/sunshine_duration/1961_1990.txt
[[es:Tuzla]]
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171017195327/ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/multi_annual/sunshine_duration/1961_1990.txt
[[fi:Tuzla]]
| url-status = dead
[[fr:Tuzla]]
| archive-date = 2017-10-17
[[hr:Tuzla]]
| title = Station 14557 Tuzla
[[hu:Tuzla]]
| work = Global station data 1961–1990—Sunshine Duration
[[it:Tuzla]]
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
[[lt:Tuzla]]
| access-date = 22 November 2016}}</ref>{{efn|[https://web.archive.org/web/20171017195318/ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/help/stations_list_CLIMAT_data.txt Station ID for Tuzla is 14557] Use this station ID to locate the sunshine duration}}
[[lv:Tuzla]]
}}
[[nl:Tuzla]]
{{notelist-lr}}
[[nn:Tuzla]]
{{notelist}}
[[no:Tuzla]]

[[pl:Tuzla]]
== 参考文献 ==
[[pt:Tuzla]]
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
[[sh:Tuzla]]
<ref name="cnki">{{世界地名翻译大辞典 |entry=Tuzla 图兹拉 (波黑、罗、土) |url=https://gongjushu.oversea.cnki.net/chn/Search/SimpleSearch}}</ref>
[[sl:Tuzla]]
}}
[[sr:Тузла]]

[[sv:Tuzla]]
== 外部链接 ==
[[tr:Tuzla, Bosna-Hersek]]
[[vo:Tuzla]]
{{Commonscat|Tuzla}}
* {{官方网站}} {{bs icon}}

{{波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那行政区划|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tuzla}}
[[Category:波黑联邦城市]]
[[Category:图兹拉州市镇]]

2024年4月26日 (五) 22:23的版本

图兹拉
Tuzla
城市
市容
市容
图兹拉旗幟
旗幟		图兹拉徽章
徽章
图兹拉在波黑的位置
图兹拉在波黑的位置
坐标：44°32′17″N 18°40′34″E / 44.538055555556°N 18.676111111111°E / 44.538055555556; 18.676111111111
国家 波黑
实体波黑联邦
州圖茲拉州
面积
 • 总计294 平方公里（114 平方英里）
人口（2013年）[1]
 • 總計110,979人
 • 密度377人/平方公里（978人/平方英里）
时区CET（UTC+1）
 • 夏时制CEST（UTC+2）
邮政编码75000
电话区号+387 35
網站grad.tuzla.ba

图兹拉[2]（波斯尼亞語：Tuzla）是波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那实体之一波黑联邦圖茲拉州的城市及市镇，为同名州的州府。市镇面积为294平方公里，2013年人口数量为110,979人，为波黑第三大城市。

人口

2013年人口普查时图兹拉市内共有110,979名居民：

  • 80,774 (72.78%) – 波族
  • 15,396 (13.87%) – 克族
  • 3,378 (3.04%) – 塞族
  • 11,431 (10.30%) – 其他及未知

气候

图兹拉 (1991-2020, 极端值：1961-2020)[i]
月份 1月 2月 3月 4月 5月 6月 7月 8月 9月 10月 11月 12月 全年
历史最高温 °C（°F） 21.0
(69.8) 		25.3
(77.5) 		30.0
(86.0) 		33.0
(91.4) 		34.2
(93.6) 		37.2
(99.0) 		40.7
(105.3) 		40.5
(104.9) 		38.2
(100.8) 		31.0
(87.8) 		26.6
(79.9) 		21.6
(70.9) 		40.7
(105.3)
平均最高温 °C（°F） 12.7
(54.9) 		14.0
(57.2) 		17.7
(63.9) 		23.5
(74.3) 		26.2
(79.2) 		30.4
(86.7) 		31.8
(89.2) 		33.1
(91.6) 		28.6
(83.5) 		22.7
(72.9) 		17.9
(64.2) 		9.7
(49.5) 		33.1
(91.6)
平均高温 °C（°F） 5.5
(41.9) 		8.2
(46.8) 		13.1
(55.6) 		18.2
(64.8) 		22.6
(72.7) 		26.1
(79.0) 		28.3
(82.9) 		28.8
(83.8) 		23.5
(74.3) 		18.7
(65.7) 		12.5
(54.5) 		6.0
(42.8) 		17.6
(63.7)
日均气温 °C（°F） 0.5
(32.9) 		2.4
(36.3) 		6.3
(43.3) 		11.0
(51.8) 		15.3
(59.5) 		18.8
(65.8) 		20.9
(69.6) 		20.5
(68.9) 		15.7
(60.3) 		11.1
(52.0) 		6.1
(43.0) 		1.3
(34.3) 		10.8
(51.5)
平均低温 °C（°F） −3.0
(26.6) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		1.3
(34.3) 		5.2
(41.4) 		9.4
(48.9) 		13.2
(55.8) 		14.5
(58.1) 		14.4
(57.9) 		10.3
(50.5) 		6.3
(43.3) 		2.5
(36.5) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		5.9
(42.5)
平均最低温 °C（°F） −9.8
(14.4) 		−8.0
(17.6) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		7.1
(44.8) 		10.7
(51.3) 		12.4
(54.3) 		12.4
(54.3) 		8.1
(46.6) 		2.7
(36.9) 		−1.5
(29.3) 		−6.4
(20.5) 		−9.8
(14.4)
历史最低温 °C（°F） −25.8
(−14.4) 		−22.0
(−7.6) 		−17.9
(−0.2) 		−6.6
(20.1) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		4.0
(39.2) 		6.0
(42.8) 		5.3
(41.5) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		−8.0
(17.6) 		−13.0
(8.6) 		−19.0
(−2.2) 		−25.8
(−14.4)
平均降水量 mm（英寸） 58.1
(2.29) 		53.5
(2.11) 		59.4
(2.34) 		71.9
(2.83) 		101.9
(4.01) 		115.4
(4.54) 		95.6
(3.76) 		69.8
(2.75) 		76.6
(3.02) 		78.6
(3.09) 		70.4
(2.77) 		68.3
(2.69) 		919.5
(36.2)
平均降水天数（≥ 1.0 mm） 9.4 9.3 8.6 9.8 11.1 11.1 8.9 6.8 7.9 8.5 8.3 9.8 109.5
平均相對濕度（％） 80.9 75.9 68.6 67.9 71.6 71.9 70.7 70.9 75.6 78 79.3 82.8 74.5
平均午後相對濕度（％） 73 65 54 56 56 57 56 55 58 63 68 76 61
月均日照時數 71.9 96.3 147.3 176.1 215.9 231 261.9 258.3 182 148.4 88.9 62.7 1,940.7
数据来源1：NOAA NCEI[3]
数据来源2：Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes 1961–2015, afternoon humidity at 14:00, 1973–1993)[4][5][a]
  1. ^ 下午湿度在当地时间14:00测量
  1. ^ Station ID for Tuzla is 14557 Use this station ID to locate the sunshine duration

参考文献

  1. ^ Naseljena Mjesta 1991/2013. Statistical Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina. [2021-12-19] （波斯尼亚语）. 
  2. ^ 周定国 (编). Tuzla 图兹拉 (波黑、罗、土). 世界地名翻译大辞典. 北京: 中国对外翻译出版公司. 2008-01. ISBN 978-7-500-10753-8. OCLC 885528603. OL 23943703M. NLC 003756704. （简体中文）
  3. ^ World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Tuzla-14557 (XLS). ncei.noaa.gov (Excel). National Oceanic and Atmosoheric Administration. [2024-03-12]. 
  4. ^ Klimatafel von Tuzla / Bosnien und Herzegowina (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world. Deutscher Wetterdienst. [22 November 2016] （德语）. 
  5. ^ Station 14557 Tuzla. Global station data 1961–1990—Sunshine Duration. Deutscher Wetterdienst. [22 November 2016]. （原始内容存档于2017-10-17）. 

外部链接

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：图兹拉
波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那 波黑联邦
烏納-薩納州
波薩維納州
圖茲拉州
澤尼察-多博伊州
波斯尼亞-波德里涅州
中波斯尼亞州
黑塞哥维那-内雷特瓦州
西黑塞哥维那州
薩拉熱窩州
萨拉热窝 ¤
第十州
 塞族共和國
東薩拉熱窩 ¤
（由上两实体共管）
注：后带¤的为官方指定城市，共32个
 
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检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=图兹拉&oldid=82408609”