跳转到内容

细胞因子风暴:修订间差异

维基百科,自由的百科全书
删除的内容 添加的内容
CYCcc留言 | 贡献
修正筆誤
无编辑摘要
 
第19行: 第19行:
}}
}}


'''细胞因子风暴'''({{lang-en|cytokine storm}})或'''細胞激素風暴''',又稱'''高細胞因子血症'''({{lang|en|hypercytokinemia}}),俗稱'''免疫風暴'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/7599517/ |title=存档副本 |access-date=2022-05-27 |archive-date=2022-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527101218/https://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/7599517/ }}</ref>、'''炎症风暴'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.im.cas.cn/kxcb/wswdjt/202002/t20200210_5498413.html |title=存档副本 |access-date=2022-06-16 |archive-date=2022-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616015845/http://www.im.cas.cn/kxcb/wswdjt/202002/t20200210_5498413.html }}</ref>,是一種失控的[[免疫应答]],因為[[細胞因子]]與[[免疫細胞]]間的[[正回饋]]回路而產生的過度[[炎症]];由於大量細胞因子的產生而造成器官的損傷及衰竭,進而導致休克而可能死亡。
'''细胞因子风暴'''({{lang-en|cytokine storm}})或'''細胞激素風暴''',又稱'''高細胞因子血症'''({{lang|en|hypercytokinemia}}),俗稱'''免疫風暴'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/7599517/ |title=存档副本 |access-date=2022-05-27 |archive-date=2022-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527101218/https://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/7599517/ }}</ref>、'''炎症风暴'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.im.cas.cn/kxcb/wswdjt/202002/t20200210_5498413.html |title=存档副本 |access-date=2022-06-16 |archive-date=2022-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616015845/http://www.im.cas.cn/kxcb/wswdjt/202002/t20200210_5498413.html }}</ref>,是一種失控的[[免疫应答]],因為[[細胞因子]]與[[免疫細胞]]間的[[正回饋]]回路而產生的過度[[炎症]];由於大量細胞因子的產生和免疫细胞的无差别攻击而造成器官的損傷及衰竭,進而導致休克而可能死亡。


细胞因子风暴被认为是[[1918年流感大流行]]<ref name="osterholm">{{cite journal|title=Preparing for the next pandemic|pages=1839–1842|issn=1533-4406|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=352|issue=18|date=2005-05-05|doi=10.1056/NEJMp058068|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15872196|accessdate=2019-02-12|author=Michael T. Osterholm|pmid=15872196|archive-date=2020-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515235024/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15872196|dead-url=no}}</ref>、2003年[[SARS事件]]<ref name="pmid15602737">{{cite journal|title=An interferon-gamma-related cytokine storm in SARS patients|pages=185–194|issn=0146-6615|journal=Journal of Medical Virology|volume=75|issue=2|date=2005-02|doi=10.1002/jmv.20255|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15602737|accessdate=2019-02-12|author=Kao-Jean Huang, Ih-Jen Su, Michel Theron, Yi-Chun Wu, Shu-Kuan Lai, Ching-Chuan Liu, Huan-Yao Lei|pmid=15602737|archive-date=2020-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509183028/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15602737|dead-url=no}}</ref>、[[2009年H1N1流感大流行]]<ref name="urlFighting Deadly Flu, Mexico Shuts Schools - NYTimes.com">{{cite news | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/25/world/americas/25mexico.html | title = Fighting Deadly Flu, Mexico Shuts Schools | author = Lacey M McNeil DG Jr | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = 2009-04-24 | work = | publisher = NYTimes.com | pages = | language = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102501/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/25/world/americas/25mexico.html/ | archivedate = 2021-01-25 | quote = | accessdate = 2009-04-29 | dead-url = no }}</ref>,H5N1[[高致病性禽流感]]及[[2019冠状病毒病|2019冠狀病毒病]](COVID-19)和伊波拉病毒致死的原因<ref name="pmid18258000">{{cite journal|title=Confronting potential influenza A (H5N1) pandemic with better vaccines|pages=1512–1518|issn=1080-6059|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=13|issue=10|date=2007-10|doi=10.3201/eid1310.061262|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18258000|accessdate=2019-02-12|author=Azizul Haque, Didier Hober, Lloyd H. Kasper|pmid=18258000|pmc=2851514|archive-date=2020-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502050630/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18258000|dead-url=no}}</ref>。不过[[美国疾病控制与预防中心]]认为这一症状与H1N1之间的没有充分的证据可以展示其关联性<ref name="CDCidentification">{{cite web | url = http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/identifyingpatients.htm | title = Interim Guidance for Clinicians on Identifying and Caring for Patients with Swine-origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = 2009-04-29 | work = | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | pages = | language = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20210210232711/http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/identifyingpatients.htm | archivedate = 2021-02-10 | quote = | accessdate = 2009-04-29 | dead-url = no }}</ref>。
细胞因子风暴被认为是[[1918年流感大流行]]<ref name="osterholm">{{cite journal|title=Preparing for the next pandemic|pages=1839–1842|issn=1533-4406|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=352|issue=18|date=2005-05-05|doi=10.1056/NEJMp058068|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15872196|accessdate=2019-02-12|author=Michael T. Osterholm|pmid=15872196|archive-date=2020-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515235024/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15872196|dead-url=no}}</ref>、2003年[[SARS事件]]<ref name="pmid15602737">{{cite journal|title=An interferon-gamma-related cytokine storm in SARS patients|pages=185–194|issn=0146-6615|journal=Journal of Medical Virology|volume=75|issue=2|date=2005-02|doi=10.1002/jmv.20255|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15602737|accessdate=2019-02-12|author=Kao-Jean Huang, Ih-Jen Su, Michel Theron, Yi-Chun Wu, Shu-Kuan Lai, Ching-Chuan Liu, Huan-Yao Lei|pmid=15602737|archive-date=2020-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509183028/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15602737|dead-url=no}}</ref>、[[2009年H1N1流感大流行]]<ref name="urlFighting Deadly Flu, Mexico Shuts Schools - NYTimes.com">{{cite news | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/25/world/americas/25mexico.html | title = Fighting Deadly Flu, Mexico Shuts Schools | author = Lacey M McNeil DG Jr | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = 2009-04-24 | work = | publisher = NYTimes.com | pages = | language = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102501/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/25/world/americas/25mexico.html/ | archivedate = 2021-01-25 | quote = | accessdate = 2009-04-29 | dead-url = no }}</ref>,H5N1[[高致病性禽流感]]及[[2019冠状病毒病|2019冠狀病毒病]](COVID-19)和伊波拉病毒致死的原因<ref name="pmid18258000">{{cite journal|title=Confronting potential influenza A (H5N1) pandemic with better vaccines|pages=1512–1518|issn=1080-6059|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=13|issue=10|date=2007-10|doi=10.3201/eid1310.061262|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18258000|accessdate=2019-02-12|author=Azizul Haque, Didier Hober, Lloyd H. Kasper|pmid=18258000|pmc=2851514|archive-date=2020-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502050630/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18258000|dead-url=no}}</ref>。不过[[美国疾病控制与预防中心]]认为这一症状与H1N1之间的没有充分的证据可以展示其关联性<ref name="CDCidentification">{{cite web | url = http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/identifyingpatients.htm | title = Interim Guidance for Clinicians on Identifying and Caring for Patients with Swine-origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = 2009-04-29 | work = | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | pages = | language = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20210210232711/http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/identifyingpatients.htm | archivedate = 2021-02-10 | quote = | accessdate = 2009-04-29 | dead-url = no }}</ref>。

2024年4月20日 (六) 17:35的最新版本

細胞因子
症状发热
类型细胞因子释放综合征免疫反应
病因免疫反应
分类和外部资源
醫學專科免疫學
DiseasesDB34296
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

细胞因子风暴(英語:cytokine storm)或細胞激素風暴,又稱高細胞因子血症hypercytokinemia),俗稱免疫風暴[1]炎症风暴[2],是一種失控的免疫应答,因為細胞因子免疫細胞間的正回饋回路而產生的過度炎症;由於大量細胞因子的產生和免疫细胞的无差别攻击而造成器官的損傷及衰竭,進而導致休克而可能死亡。

细胞因子风暴被认为是1918年流感大流行[3]、2003年SARS事件[4]2009年H1N1流感大流行[5],H5N1高致病性禽流感2019冠狀病毒病(COVID-19)和伊波拉病毒致死的原因[6]。不过美国疾病控制与预防中心认为这一症状与H1N1之间的没有充分的证据可以展示其关联性[7]

症狀[编辑]

症狀為高燒、紅腫、腫脹、極度疲倦噁心。在某些情况下可能致命。

成因[编辑]

免疫系统对抗病原体时,细胞因子会引导免疫细胞前往受感染处。同时,細胞因子也会激活这些免疫细胞,被激活的免疫细胞则会产生更多的细胞素。[8]通常来说,人体会检查并控制这个反馈循环。但是在有些情况下,情况会失控,导致一个地方聚集了太多被激活的免疫细胞。目前为止,还没有完全了解这一现象的具体成因,但是有推测认为可能是由于免疫系统对新的、高致病的病原体产生的过激反应。

细胞因子风暴有可能会对身体组织和器官产生严重的损伤,比如当其发生于部,过多的免疫细胞和组织液可能会在肺部积聚,阻塞空气进出,并导致死亡。

SARS-CoV-2 病毒借由与 ACE2 受器结合而进入人体细胞,免疫系统的病原相关分子模式(PAMPs)在识别病毒核酸后,会激活多重免疫途径(NF-κB/TNFα 途径、IL-6/JAK/STAT 途径、S1PR1(1-磷酸鞘氨醇受体1)途径),进而刺激细胞因子分泌及 CD4 T細胞分化。由于 COVID-19 患者血清 IL-6 明显上升,且可能与急性呼吸窘迫症候群相关,托珠单抗(tocilizumab,IL-6R单抗)已于2021年6月在美国获得了用于治疗2019冠状病毒病紧急使用授权[9]

治疗[编辑]

尽管有充分的证据显示细胞因子风暴在重症急性感染中的重要地位,但至今在预防及改善临床预后方面收效甚微。目前可用的治疗方案有OX40英语CD134抗体(OX40-Ig,也称CD134英语CD134抗体)[10]血管紧张肽I转化酶抑制剂[11]血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂[12]皮質類固醇[13]吉非羅齊英语Gemfibrozil抗氧化剂[14]腫瘤壞死因子-α抑制剂[15]白介素-6抑制剂[16]布鲁顿酪氨酸激酶英语Bruton's tyrosine kinase抑制剂。

参考[编辑]

  1. ^ 存档副本. [2022-05-27]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-27). 
  2. ^ 存档副本. [2022-06-16]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-16). 
  3. ^ Michael T. Osterholm. Preparing for the next pandemic. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2005-05-05, 352 (18): 1839–1842 [2019-02-12]. ISSN 1533-4406. PMID 15872196. doi:10.1056/NEJMp058068. (原始内容存档于2020-05-15). 
  4. ^ Kao-Jean Huang, Ih-Jen Su, Michel Theron, Yi-Chun Wu, Shu-Kuan Lai, Ching-Chuan Liu, Huan-Yao Lei. An interferon-gamma-related cytokine storm in SARS patients. Journal of Medical Virology. 2005-02, 75 (2): 185–194 [2019-02-12]. ISSN 0146-6615. PMID 15602737. doi:10.1002/jmv.20255. (原始内容存档于2020-05-09). 
  5. ^ Lacey M McNeil DG Jr. Fighting Deadly Flu, Mexico Shuts Schools. NYTimes.com. 2009-04-24 [2009-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-25). 
  6. ^ Azizul Haque, Didier Hober, Lloyd H. Kasper. Confronting potential influenza A (H5N1) pandemic with better vaccines. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2007-10, 13 (10): 1512–1518 [2019-02-12]. ISSN 1080-6059. PMC 2851514可免费查阅. PMID 18258000. doi:10.3201/eid1310.061262. (原始内容存档于2020-05-02). 
  7. ^ Interim Guidance for Clinicians on Identifying and Caring for Patients with Swine-origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2009-04-29 [2009-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-10). 
  8. ^ Murphy, K.; Travers, P.; Walport, M. Signaling Through Immune System Receptors.. Janeway's Immunobiology. 7th. London: Garland. 2007. ISBN 0-8153-4123-7. 
  9. ^ Tocilizumab Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) (PDF). U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). June 2021 [31 July 2021]. (原始内容存档于25 November 2021). 
  10. ^ Ian R. Humphreys, Gerhard Walzl, Lorna Edwards, Aaron Rae, Sue Hill, Tracy Hussell. A critical role for OX40 in T cell-mediated immunopathology during lung viral infection. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 2003-10-20, 198 (8): 1237–1242 [2019-02-12]. ISSN 0022-1007. PMC 2194232可免费查阅. PMID 14568982. doi:10.1084/jem.20030351. (原始内容存档于2020-05-02). 
  11. ^ Gultekin Genctoy, Bulent Altun, Ahmet Alper Kiykim, Mustafa Arici, Yunus Erdem, Meltem Cağlarg, Unal Yasavul, Cetin Turgan, Sali Cağlar. TNF alpha-308 genotype and renin-angiotensin system in hemodialysis patients: an effect on inflammatory cytokine levels?. Artificial Organs. 2005-02, 29 (2): 174–178 [2019-02-12]. ISSN 0160-564X. PMID 15670287. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2005.29029.x. (原始内容存档于2020-05-02). 
  12. ^ Aigul Moldobaeva, Elizabeth M. Wagner. Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in ovine bronchial vasculature. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985). 2003-12, 95 (6): 2278–2284 [2019-02-12]. ISSN 8750-7587. PMID 12897028. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00266.2003. (原始内容存档于2020-05-02). 
  13. ^ Drazen, Jeffrey M.; Cecil, Russell L.; Goldman, Lee; Bennett, J. Claude. Cecil Textbook of Medicine 21st. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. 2000. ISBN 0-7216-7996-X. 
  14. ^ Alison Budd, Lisa Alleva, Mohammed Alsharifi, Aulikki Koskinen, Victoria Smythe, Arno Müllbacher, Jeff Wood, Ian Clark. Increased survival after gemfibrozil treatment of severe mouse influenza. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2007-08, 51 (8): 2965–2968 [2019-02-12]. ISSN 0066-4804. PMC 1932503可免费查阅. PMID 17562808. doi:10.1128/AAC.00219-07. (原始内容存档于2020-05-02). 
  15. ^ L. B. S. Gelinck, A. E. van der Bijl, W. E. P. Beyer, L. G. Visser, T. W. J. Huizinga, R. A. van Hogezand, G. F. Rimmelzwaan, F. P. Kroon. The effect of anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha treatment on the antibody response to influenza vaccination. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2008-05, 67 (5): 713–716 [2019-02-12]. ISSN 1468-2060. PMID 17965123. doi:10.1136/ard.2007.077552. (原始内容存档于2020-05-02). 
  16. ^ Pinzon R T, Wijaya V O, Buana R B. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitors as therapeutic agents for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis[J]. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 2021, 14(8): 1001-1009.

相关条目[编辑]