衰变产物：修订间差异

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2023年8月23日 (三) 20:24的最新版本

在原子核物理學中，衰變產物（也稱子核種、子同位素）是指一個放射性核種經過輻射衰變後形成的新核種。輻射衰變通常涉及一連串的衰變過程(稱衰變鏈)。例如，鈾-238(U-238)衰變成釷-234(Th-234)，釷-234(Th-234)再衰變成鏷234(Pa-234)，而鏷-234(Pa-234)再衰變成…，最終衰變成穩定的鉛-206(Pb-206):

${\mbox{U-238}}\rightarrow \overbrace {\underbrace {\mbox{Th-234}} _{\mbox{daughter of U-238}}\rightarrow \underbrace {\mbox{Pa-234m}} _{\mbox{granddaughter of U-238}}\rightarrow \ldots \rightarrow {\mbox{Pb-206}}} ^{\begin{array}{c}{\mbox{decay products of U-238}}\end{array}}$

$v$

在這例子中，

釷-234，鏷-234m，…，鉛-206是鈾-238的衰變產物；
釷-234是鈾-238的子同位素；
鏷-234m (234 metastable)是鈾-238的[至孫同位素][?]。

These might also be referred to as the daughter products of U-238.^[1]

參考資料[编辑]

^ Glossary of Volume 7 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (Depleted Uranium — authors: Naomi H. Harley, Ernest C. Foulkes, Lee H. Hilborne, Arlene Hudson, and C. Ross Anthony) of A review of the scientific literature as it pertains to gulf war illnesses.

[1] Glossary of Volume 7 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (Depleted Uranium — authors: Naomi H. Harley, Ernest C. Foulkes, Lee H. Hilborne, Arlene Hudson, and C. Ross Anthony) of A review of the scientific literature as it pertains to gulf war illnesses.

[1]

@@ 第1行： / 第1行： @@
-{{translating|time=2012-01-14T10:27:59+00:00}}
-{{Refimprove|date=2007年12月}}
 [[Image:Thorium decay chain from lead-212 to lead-208.svg|thumb|由[[鉛]]212至[[鉛]]208的衰變鏈]]
-在[[原子核物理學]]中，'''衰變產物'''(也稱'''至子同位素''')是一個[[元素]]經過[[輻射衰變]]後剩下來的[[核素]]。輻射衰變通常涉及很多過程([[衰變鏈]])。例如，鈾238衰變至釷234，釷234再衰變成鏷234，而鏷234再衰變成…，再衰變成鉛206(穩定):
+在[[原子核物理學]]中，'''衰變產物'''（也稱'''子核種'''、'''子同位素'''）是指一個[[放射性核種]]經過[[輻射衰變]]後形成的新[[核種]]。輻射衰變通常涉及一連串的衰變過程(稱[[衰變鏈]])。例如，[[鈾-238]](U-238)衰變成釷-234(Th-234)，釷-234(Th-234)再衰變成鏷234(Pa-234)，而鏷-234(Pa-234)再衰變成…，最終衰變成穩定的鉛-206(Pb-206):
-<math>
-\mbox{&#37438;238} \rightarrow \overbrace{ \underbrace{\mbox{&#37367;234}}_{\mbox{&#37438;238&#30340;&#34928;&#35722;&#29986;&#29289;}}  \rightarrow \underbrace{\mbox{&#37879;234m}}_{\mbox{&#37438;238&#30340;&#20877;&#34928;&#35722;&#29986;&#29289;}} \rightarrow \ldots \rightarrow \mbox{&#37467;206} }^{\begin{array}{c} \mbox{&#37438;238&#30340;&#20877;&#34928;&#35722;&#29986;&#29289;} \end{array}}
-</math>
 <math>
@@ 第19行： / 第12行： @@
 在這例子中，
-* 釷234，鏷234m，…，鉛206是鈾238的衰變產物；
+* 釷-234，鏷-234m，…，鉛-206是鈾-238的衰變產物；
+* 釷-234是鈾-238的子同位素；
-* Th-234 is the daughter of the parent U-238.
-* Pa-234m (234 metastable) is the granddaughter of U-238.
+* 鏷-234m (234 metastable)是鈾-238的[至孫同位素][?]。
+These might also be referred to as the daughter products of U-238.<ref>[http://www.gulflink.osd.mil/library/randrep/du/mr1018.7.gloss.html Glossary of Volume 7] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gulflink.osd.mil/library/randrep/du/mr1018.7.gloss.html |date=20170103181840 }} (''Depleted Uranium'' — authors: Naomi H. Harley, Ernest C. Foulkes, Lee H. Hilborne, Arlene Hudson, and C. Ross Anthony) of ''A review of the scientific literature as it pertains to gulf war illnesses''.</ref>
-These might also be referred to as the daughter products of U-238.<ref>
-[http://www.gulflink.osd.mil/library/randrep/du/mr1018.7.gloss.html Glossary of Volume 7] (''Depleted Uranium'' — authors: Naomi H. Harley, Ernest C. Foulkes, Lee H. Hilborne, Arlene Hudson, and C. Ross Anthony) of ''A review of the scientific literature as it pertains to gulf war illnesses''.
-</ref>
+==參考資料==
-Decay products are important in understanding radioactive decay and the management of [[radioactive waste]].
-For elements above [[lead]] in [[atomic number]], the decay chain typically ends with an [[isotope]] of lead.
-In many cases members of the decay chain are far more radioactive than the original nuclide. Thus, although uranium is not dangerously radioactive when pure, some pieces of naturally-occurring [[Uraninite|pitchblende]] are quite dangerous owing to their [[radium]] content. Similarly, [[thorium]] [[gas mantle]]s are very slightly radioactive when new, but become far more radioactive after only a few months of storage.
-Although it cannot be predicted whether any given atom of a radioactive substance will decay at any given time, the decay products of a radioactive substance are extremely predictable. Because of this, decay products are important to scientists in many fields who need to know the quantity or type of the parent product. Such studies are done to measure pollution levels (in and around nuclear facilities) and for other matters.
-==References==
 {{reflist}}
+{{原子核物理学}}
-==See also==
-* [[Decay chain]]
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Decay Product}}
-[[Category:Nuclear physics]]
-[[Category:Nuclear chemistry]]
+[[Category:原子核物理学]]
-[[af:Vervalproduk]]
+[[Category:放射性]]
-[[ar:ناتج اضمحلال]]
-[[an:Producto de desintegración]]
-[[ast:Productu de desintegración]]
-[[bs:Produkt raspada]]
-[[ca:Producte de desintegració]]
-[[de:Zerfallsprodukt]]
-[[en:Decay product]]
-[[es:Producto de desintegración]]
-[[fr:Produit de désintégration]]
-[[ko:붕괴생성물]]
-[[nl:Vervalproduct]]
-[[ja:崩壊生成物]]
-[[nds:Verfallsprodukt]]
-[[pt:Produto de decaimento]]
-[[ro:Produs de dezintegrare]]
-[[sv:Sönderfallsprodukt]]