Muqrin ibn Abdulaziz as-Saud: Versiyalar orasidagi farq
Umarxon III (munozara | hissa) Tahrir izohi yoʻq |
Umarxon III (munozara | hissa) Tahrir izohi yoʻq |
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Qator 34: | Qator 34: | ||
1999-yil 24-noyabrda shahzoda Muqrin Abdul Majid bin Abdulazizning oʻrniga Madina viloyati gubernatori etib tayinlandi<ref name="gip2">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=General President |url=http://www.gip.gov.sa/sites/english/AboutPresidency/Pages/AboutPresident.aspx |ish=General Intelligence Presidency |qaralgan sana=24 May 2012 |arxivsana=8 November 2011 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108032331/http://www.gip.gov.sa/sites/english/AboutPresidency/Pages/AboutPresident.aspx}}</ref>. Qirol Fahd unga [[Haj]] paytida hukumatga va qirollikka qarshi namoyishlar toʻlqiniga javoban shaharni modernizatsiya qilishni buyurdi<ref name="ayoup2">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Prince Muqrin bin Abdulaziz Al Saud |ish=Ayoub World News |url=http://www.charlesayoub.com/news/index.php/article/108/Prince%20Muqrin%20bin%20Abdul%20Aziz%20Al%20Saud |sana=28 October 2011 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204162439/http://www.charlesayoub.com/news/index.php/article/108/Prince%20Muqrin%20bin%20Abdul%20Aziz%20Al%20Saud |arxivsana=4 February 2015 |qaralgan sana=24 May 2012}}</ref>. Shahzoda Muqrin chekka hududlarda taqdim etilayotgan taʼlim va sogʻliqni saqlash xizmatlarini rivojlantirdi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Abdulateef Al Mulhim |date=9 February 2013 |title=Prince Muqrin: A pilot, an astronomer and a politician |work=[[Arab News]] |url=http://www.arabnews.com/prince-muqrin-pilot-astronomer-and-politician |access-date=6 April 2013}}</ref>. Anʼanaparast sanalgan shahzoda Muqrin gubernator etib tayinlanganida anʼanaviy qadriyatlarni targʻib qilish bilan shugʻullangan<ref name="ayoup2" />. 2005-yilning oktyabrigacha lavozimida qoldi<ref name="ghafour05">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=P.K. Abdul Ghafour |date=23 October 2005 |title=Prince Muqrin New Intelligence Chief |work=Arab News |url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/274969 |access-date=24 May 2012}}</ref>. Abdulaziz ibn Majid uning oʻrniga Madina viloyati hokimi etib tayinlandi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=22 October 2005 |title=Prince Miqrin Appointed President of General Intelligence |work=SAMIRAD |url=http://www.saudinf.com/display_news.php?id=3518 |access-date=10 February 2013}}</ref>. |
1999-yil 24-noyabrda shahzoda Muqrin Abdul Majid bin Abdulazizning oʻrniga Madina viloyati gubernatori etib tayinlandi<ref name="gip2">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=General President |url=http://www.gip.gov.sa/sites/english/AboutPresidency/Pages/AboutPresident.aspx |ish=General Intelligence Presidency |qaralgan sana=24 May 2012 |arxivsana=8 November 2011 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108032331/http://www.gip.gov.sa/sites/english/AboutPresidency/Pages/AboutPresident.aspx}}</ref>. Qirol Fahd unga [[Haj]] paytida hukumatga va qirollikka qarshi namoyishlar toʻlqiniga javoban shaharni modernizatsiya qilishni buyurdi<ref name="ayoup2">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Prince Muqrin bin Abdulaziz Al Saud |ish=Ayoub World News |url=http://www.charlesayoub.com/news/index.php/article/108/Prince%20Muqrin%20bin%20Abdul%20Aziz%20Al%20Saud |sana=28 October 2011 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204162439/http://www.charlesayoub.com/news/index.php/article/108/Prince%20Muqrin%20bin%20Abdul%20Aziz%20Al%20Saud |arxivsana=4 February 2015 |qaralgan sana=24 May 2012}}</ref>. Shahzoda Muqrin chekka hududlarda taqdim etilayotgan taʼlim va sogʻliqni saqlash xizmatlarini rivojlantirdi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Abdulateef Al Mulhim |date=9 February 2013 |title=Prince Muqrin: A pilot, an astronomer and a politician |work=[[Arab News]] |url=http://www.arabnews.com/prince-muqrin-pilot-astronomer-and-politician |access-date=6 April 2013}}</ref>. Anʼanaparast sanalgan shahzoda Muqrin gubernator etib tayinlanganida anʼanaviy qadriyatlarni targʻib qilish bilan shugʻullangan<ref name="ayoup2" />. 2005-yilning oktyabrigacha lavozimida qoldi<ref name="ghafour05">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=P.K. Abdul Ghafour |date=23 October 2005 |title=Prince Muqrin New Intelligence Chief |work=Arab News |url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/274969 |access-date=24 May 2012}}</ref>. Abdulaziz ibn Majid uning oʻrniga Madina viloyati hokimi etib tayinlandi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=22 October 2005 |title=Prince Miqrin Appointed President of General Intelligence |work=SAMIRAD |url=http://www.saudinf.com/display_news.php?id=3518 |access-date=10 February 2013}}</ref>. |
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2005-yil 22-oktabrda qirol Abdulloh shahzoda Muqrinni Saudiya Arabistoni razvedka agentligi – al-Muhabarat al-Aʼama bosh direktori etib tayinladi<ref name="gip3">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=General President |url=http://www.gip.gov.sa/sites/english/AboutPresidency/Pages/AboutPresident.aspx |ish=General Intelligence Presidency |qaralgan sana=24 May 2012 |arxivsana=8 November 2011 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108032331/http://www.gip.gov.sa/sites/english/AboutPresidency/Pages/AboutPresident.aspx}}</ref><ref name="ghafour052">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=P.K. Abdul Ghafour |date=23 October 2005 |title=Prince Muqrin New Intelligence Chief |work=Arab News |url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/274969 |access-date=24 May 2012}}</ref><ref name="FP">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Patrick Devenny |date=20 July 2009 |title=The List: The Middle East's Most Powerful Spooks |work=Foreign Policy |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/07/20/the_list_the_middle_easts_most_powerful_spies?page=0,4 |access-date=24 May 2012}}</ref><ref name="nyt2302">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=23 October 2005 |title=Saudis Appoint a New Chief of Intelligence |work=[[The New York Times]] |agency=Reuters |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/23/international/middleeast/23saudi.html |access-date=5 August 2012}}</ref>. Uning tayinlanishi sobiq bosh direktor shahzoda Navvaf isteʼfoga chiqqanidan toʻqqiz oy oʻtib sodir boʻldi<ref name="nyt2302" /><ref>{{Kitob manbasi |last=Anthony H. Cordesman |title=Gulf Military Forces in an Era of Asymmetric Wars |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XWg1mvPuhkUC&pg=PA235 |year=2007 |publisher=Praeger |isbn=978-0-275-99399-3 |page=235 |location=Westport, CT; London}}</ref>. |
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Shahzoda Muqrin 2007-yilda [[al-Qoida]] tomonidan qoʻllanilgan internet jangarilariga qarshi kurash boʻyicha konferensiya uyushtirdi<ref name="factbox">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=22 November 2010 |title=FACTBOX — Key players in the ruling Saudi family |work=Reuters |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-53078820101122 |access-date=24 May 2012}}</ref>. Bundan tashqari, fuqarolarni xavfsizlikka tahdidlar haqida xabardor qilish uchun veb-sayt yaratishini va tashkilot AQAP bilan kurashish uchun qayta tuzilishini eʼlon qildi<ref>{{Kitob manbasi |page=127 |last=Anthony H. Cordesman |title=Saudi Arabia: National Security in a Troubled Region |year=2009 |publisher=Praeger |location=Santa Barbara, CA |isbn=978-0-3133-8076-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1OpmRrNzFHgC&pg=PA127}}</ref>. Saudiya Arabistonidan islomiy jangarilarni muvaffaqiyatli chiqarib yubordi<ref name="ihs4feb">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.ihs.com/products/global-insight/industry-economic-report.aspx?id=1065975850|title=New appointment clarifies line of succession in Saudi Arabia|journal=IHS Global Insight|date=4 February 2013}}</ref>. 2012-yil 19-iyulda shahzoda Muqrin lavozimidan ozod etildi va uning oʻrniga Bandar bin Sulton tayinlandi<ref name="wsj12">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Ellen Knickmeyer |date=20 July 2012 |title=Saudi Appointment Suggests Bigger Regional Ambitions |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444097904577537311469944198 |access-date=20 July 2012}}</ref>. Ommaviy axborot vositalarida shahzoda Muqrin oʻz davrida baʼzi nozik masalalarga yondashuvi tufayli tanqidga uchragani taʼkidlandi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=KSA: New Director for Spy Agency |url=http://me-confidential.com/5125-ksa-new-director-for-spy-agency.html |ish=Middle East Confidential |qaralgan sana=20 July 2012 |sana=20 July 2012}}</ref>. Boshqa tomondan, shahzoda Muqrin oʻsha kuni vazir darajasida maslahatchi va qirol Abdullohning maxsus vakili etib tayinlandi<ref name="wsj12" /><ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=19 July 2012 |title=Saudi king names ex-U.S. envoy as intelligence chief |work=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/07/19/world/meast/saudi-arabia-intelligence-chief/index.html |access-date=20 July 2012}}</ref>. Uning mas’uliyati janubi-sharqiy Osiyodagi ishlar edi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |muallif=Talal Kapoor |sarlavha=The Return of Bandar bin Sultan |ish=Datarabia |qaralgan sana=9 August 2012 |format=Commentary |url=http://www.datarabia.com/royals/viewCommentary.do?id=91959 |sana=8 August 2012}}</ref>. |
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== Manbalar == |
== Manbalar == |
15-fevral 2024, 18:11 dagi koʻrinishi
Muqrin ibn Abdulaziz as-Saud | |
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arabcha: مقرن بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود | |
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Saudiya Arabistoni taxt vorisi | |
Mansab davri 2015-yil 23-yanvardan – 2015-yil 29-aprelgacha | |
Oʻtmishdoshi | Salmon ibn Abdulaziz as-Saud |
Vorisi | Noif ibn Abdulaziz as-Saud |
Shaxsiy maʼlumotlari | |
Tavalludi |
15-sentyabr 1945-yil Ar-Riyod |
Onasi | Baraka |
Otasi | Abdulaziz ibn Abdurahmon as-Saud |
Mukofotlari |
|
Muqrin bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (arabcha: مقرن بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود) – Saudiya Arabistoni siyosatchisi, biznesmen va sobiq harbiy uchuvchi[1]. Oʻgay akasi Qirol Salmon hukmronligining dastlabki uch oyi davomida, 2015-yil yanvaridan apreligacha qisqa muddat Saudiya Arabistoni valiahd shahzodasi boʻlgan[2]. U podshoh Abdulazizning 35-oʻgʻli boʻlib, uning yamanlik kanizagi Barakadan tugʻilgan[3]. 1994-yilda Abdulazizning 36-oʻgʻli Hamud vafot etganidan beri Muqrin shohning omon qolgan eng kichik oʻgʻli boʻldi[4][5][6].
Shahzoda Muqrin 2005-yildan 2012-yilgacha Muhobarat bosh direktori lavozimida ishlagan[7]. 2012-yil iyul oyida qirol Abdullohning maslahatchisi va vazir darajasidagi maxsus elchi etib tayinlangan[8]. 2014-yil 27-martda valiahd shahzodaning oʻrinbosari etib tayinlandi[9]. 2015-yil 23-yanvarda qirol Abdulloh vafoti va Salmon taxtga oʻtishi bilan Muqrin valiahd shahzoda va bosh vazirning birinchi oʻrinbosari boʻldi[10]. Oradan uch oy oʻtib, 2015-yil 29-aprelda qirol Salmon Muqrinni ishdan boʻshatib, uning oʻrniga jiyani Muhammad ibn Naifni tayinladi[11].
Bolaligi va taʼlim
Muqrin bin Abdulaziz 1945-yil 15-sentyabrda Ar-Riyodda tugʻilgan[12][13][14]. U podshoh Abdulazizning 35-oʻgʻli. Uning onasi Baraka Al Yamaniya asli afrikalik boʻlib, qirol Abdulazizning kanizagi edi[14][15]. 2018-yil 22-avgustda Ar-Riyodda vafot etgan[16].
Muqrin Ar-Riyod Model institutida tahsil olgan[17]. Keyin u Britaniyaning Krenvelldagi RAF kollejiga bordi va 1968-yilda aeronavtika boʻyicha leytenanti unvoni bilan diplom oldi[17][18]. 1974-yilda Qoʻshma Shtatlardagi Bosh shtab kursidan magistr darajasiga teng boʻlgan diplom oldi[17].
Faoliyati
Muqrin bin Abdulaziz havo kuchlari uchuvchisi edi[19]. 1965-yilda Saudiya Qirollik havo kuchlariga (RSAF) xizmatga kirdi[20]. 1970-yilda RSAF 2-havo eskadroni komandiri etib tayinlangan. 1973-yildan 1977-yilgacha RSAFda bir nechta lavozimlarda ishlagan[21]. Keyinroq RSAFning operatsiyalar va rejalashtirish boʻyicha qoʻmondoni lavozimiga koʻtarildi[22]. 1980-yilda RSAFni tark etdi[20].
1980-yil 18-martda qirol Xolid bu lavozimda Nosir Al-Shayx oʻrniga shahzoda Muqrinni Hail gubernatori etib tayinladi va uning vakolati 1999-yilgacha davom etdi[23]. Shahzoda Muqrin oʻz davrida Davlat boshqaruvi instituti koʻmagida Hail mahalliy hokimiyatini isloh qildi va mintaqadagi qabilalarning turmush sharoitini yaxshiladi[24]. Viloyat qishloq xoʻjaligi ishlariga ham oʻz hissasini qoʻshgan.
1999-yil 24-noyabrda shahzoda Muqrin Abdul Majid bin Abdulazizning oʻrniga Madina viloyati gubernatori etib tayinlandi[25]. Qirol Fahd unga Haj paytida hukumatga va qirollikka qarshi namoyishlar toʻlqiniga javoban shaharni modernizatsiya qilishni buyurdi[26]. Shahzoda Muqrin chekka hududlarda taqdim etilayotgan taʼlim va sogʻliqni saqlash xizmatlarini rivojlantirdi[27]. Anʼanaparast sanalgan shahzoda Muqrin gubernator etib tayinlanganida anʼanaviy qadriyatlarni targʻib qilish bilan shugʻullangan[26]. 2005-yilning oktyabrigacha lavozimida qoldi[28]. Abdulaziz ibn Majid uning oʻrniga Madina viloyati hokimi etib tayinlandi[29].
2005-yil 22-oktabrda qirol Abdulloh shahzoda Muqrinni Saudiya Arabistoni razvedka agentligi – al-Muhabarat al-Aʼama bosh direktori etib tayinladi[30][31][32][33]. Uning tayinlanishi sobiq bosh direktor shahzoda Navvaf isteʼfoga chiqqanidan toʻqqiz oy oʻtib sodir boʻldi[33][34].
Shahzoda Muqrin 2007-yilda al-Qoida tomonidan qoʻllanilgan internet jangarilariga qarshi kurash boʻyicha konferensiya uyushtirdi[35]. Bundan tashqari, fuqarolarni xavfsizlikka tahdidlar haqida xabardor qilish uchun veb-sayt yaratishini va tashkilot AQAP bilan kurashish uchun qayta tuzilishini eʼlon qildi[36]. Saudiya Arabistonidan islomiy jangarilarni muvaffaqiyatli chiqarib yubordi[37]. 2012-yil 19-iyulda shahzoda Muqrin lavozimidan ozod etildi va uning oʻrniga Bandar bin Sulton tayinlandi[38]. Ommaviy axborot vositalarida shahzoda Muqrin oʻz davrida baʼzi nozik masalalarga yondashuvi tufayli tanqidga uchragani taʼkidlandi[39]. Boshqa tomondan, shahzoda Muqrin oʻsha kuni vazir darajasida maslahatchi va qirol Abdullohning maxsus vakili etib tayinlandi[38][40]. Uning mas’uliyati janubi-sharqiy Osiyodagi ishlar edi[41].
Manbalar
- ↑ Lacey gives his birth year as 1943. Robert Lacey. Inside the Kingdom: Kings, Clerics, Modernists, Terrorists, and the Struggle for Saudi Arabia. New York: Random House, 2011 — VII-bet. ISBN 9781446472361.
- ↑ „Profile: Prince Muqrin bin Abdulaziz“. Asharq Al-Awsat (2013-yil 2-fevral). 2013-yil 30-yanvarda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2013-yil 3-fevral.
- ↑ Simon Henderson. „Who Will Be the Next King of Saudi Arabia?“. The Washington Institute (2013-yil 13-fevral). Qaraldi: 2013-yil 2-aprel.
- ↑ Henderson, Simon. „Who Will Be the Next King of Saudi Arabia?“ (13-fevral 2013-yil). Qaraldi: 2-aprel 2013-yil.
- ↑ BBC News – Saudi Arabiaʼs King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz dies
- ↑ http://m.kun.uz/news/2017/11/06/saudianing-11-sazodasi-kulga-olindi-aslida-gap-nimada
- ↑ „Profile: Prince Muqrin bin Abdulaziz“ (2-fevral 2013-yil). 2013-yil 30-yanvarda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 3-fevral 2013-yil.
- ↑ Abdullah Al Harthi; Khaled Al Faris. „Proud of trust reposed in me by King: Muqrin“ (2-fevral 2013-yil). 2013-yil 2-noyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2-fevral 2013-yil.
- ↑ „Saudi Prince Muqrin named second-in-line to succeed king“. Reuters (2014-yil 27-mart). Qaraldi: 2014-yil 27-mart.
- ↑ „Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz dies“. BBC (2015-yil 23-yanvar). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 24-mart.
- ↑ „Saudi King Salman appoints Prince Mohammed bin Nayef as new crown prince-state TV“. Reuters (2015-yil 29-aprel). Qaraldi: 2015-yil 28-aprel.
- ↑ Lacey gives his birth year as 1943. Robert Lacey. Inside the Kingdom: Kings, Clerics, Modernists, Terrorists, and the Struggle for Saudi Arabia. New York: Random House, 2011 — VII-bet. ISBN 9781446472361.
- ↑ Iqbal Latif. „Two Down and One to Go — Prince Salman will be the last of Sudairi Seven“. Newsvine (2012-yil 16-iyun). 2013-yil 19-fevralda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 25-iyun.
- ↑ 14,0 14,1 „With Prince Muqrin's Appointment, Saudi Succession Crisis Looms“. The Daily Beast (2013-yil 3-fevral). Qaraldi: 2013-yil 12-fevral.
- ↑ „The Al Saud dynasty“. Islam Daily (2006-yil 6-iyul). 2013-yil 2-noyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 16-may.
- ↑ „Saudi royal dies“. Gulf Business (2018-yil 23-avgust). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 29-noyabr.
- ↑ 17,0 17,1 17,2 „Profile: Prince Muqrin bin Abdulaziz“. Asharq Al-Awsat (2013-yil 2-fevral). 2013-yil 30-yanvarda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2013-yil 3-fevral.
- ↑ „Saudi king appoints his advisor as prime minister's second deputy“. Al Arabiya (2013-yil 1-fevral). Qaraldi: 2013-yil 1-fevral.
- ↑ Simon Henderson. „After King Fahd“ (Policy Paper). Washington Institute (1994). Qaraldi: 2013-yil 2-fevral.
- ↑ 20,0 20,1 „Crown Prince Muqrin bin Abdulaziz“. Royal Embassy. 2015-yil 27-yanvarda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2015-yil 25-yanvar.
- ↑ „Profile: Prince Muqrin bin Abdulaziz“. Asharq Al-Awsat (2013-yil 2-fevral). 2013-yil 30-yanvarda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2013-yil 3-fevral.
- ↑ „Prince Muqrin bin Abdulaziz Al Saud“. Ayoub World News (2011-yil 28-oktyabr). 2015-yil 4-fevralda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 24-may.
- ↑ „General President“. General Intelligence Presidency. 2011-yil 8-noyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 24-may.
- ↑ (Thesis).
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(yordam) - ↑ „General President“. General Intelligence Presidency. 2011-yil 8-noyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 24-may.
- ↑ 26,0 26,1 „Prince Muqrin bin Abdulaziz Al Saud“. Ayoub World News (2011-yil 28-oktyabr). 2015-yil 4-fevralda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 24-may.
- ↑ Abdulateef Al Mulhim. „Prince Muqrin: A pilot, an astronomer and a politician“. Arab News (2013-yil 9-fevral). Qaraldi: 2013-yil 6-aprel.
- ↑ P.K. Abdul Ghafour. „Prince Muqrin New Intelligence Chief“. Arab News (2005-yil 23-oktyabr). Qaraldi: 2012-yil 24-may.
- ↑ „Prince Miqrin Appointed President of General Intelligence“. SAMIRAD (2005-yil 22-oktyabr). Qaraldi: 2013-yil 10-fevral.
- ↑ „General President“. General Intelligence Presidency. 2011-yil 8-noyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 24-may.
- ↑ P.K. Abdul Ghafour. „Prince Muqrin New Intelligence Chief“. Arab News (2005-yil 23-oktyabr). Qaraldi: 2012-yil 24-may.
- ↑ Patrick Devenny. „The List: The Middle East's Most Powerful Spooks“. Foreign Policy (2009-yil 20-iyul). Qaraldi: 2012-yil 24-may.
- ↑ 33,0 33,1 „Saudis Appoint a New Chief of Intelligence“. The New York Times. Reuters (2005-yil 23-oktyabr). Qaraldi: 2012-yil 5-avgust.
- ↑ Anthony H. Cordesman. Gulf Military Forces in an Era of Asymmetric Wars. Westport, CT; London: Praeger, 2007 — 235-bet. ISBN 978-0-275-99399-3.
- ↑ „FACTBOX — Key players in the ruling Saudi family“. Reuters (2010-yil 22-noyabr). Qaraldi: 2012-yil 24-may.
- ↑ Anthony H. Cordesman. Saudi Arabia: National Security in a Troubled Region. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2009 — 127-bet. ISBN 978-0-3133-8076-1.
- ↑ "New appointment clarifies line of succession in Saudi Arabia". IHS Global Insight. 4 February 2013. http://www.ihs.com/products/global-insight/industry-economic-report.aspx?id=1065975850.
- ↑ 38,0 38,1 Ellen Knickmeyer. „Saudi Appointment Suggests Bigger Regional Ambitions“. The Wall Street Journal (2012-yil 20-iyul). Qaraldi: 2012-yil 20-iyul.
- ↑ „KSA: New Director for Spy Agency“. Middle East Confidential (2012-yil 20-iyul). Qaraldi: 2012-yil 20-iyul.
- ↑ „Saudi king names ex-U.S. envoy as intelligence chief“. CNN (2012-yil 19-iyul). Qaraldi: 2012-yil 20-iyul.
- ↑ Talal Kapoor. „The Return of Bandar bin Sultan“ (Commentary). Datarabia (2012-yil 8-avgust). Qaraldi: 2012-yil 9-avgust.